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74-551: In 1916, the idea for a Sesquicentennial Exposition stemmed from the mind of John Wanamaker , who was the only living member of the Centennial Exposition 's Finance Committee. At the time Philadelphia was a booming city, in terms of size and opportunity; however, it suffered from corruption on political and financial fronts. Wanamaker was well aware of the city's corruption, and believed a fair could redeem Philadelphia 's reputation. He believed by hosting another world's fair,

148-466: A Curtiss Model AB-2 . "It was a major event that drew 1,500 spectators, among them Assistant Secretary of the Navy, Theodore Douglas Robinson , Brig. Gen. Douglas MacArthur , Rear Adm. William Moffett , and Philadelphia Mayor W. Freeland Kendrick , who had been a childhood friend of Capt. Mustin. The dedication took place toward the end of the six-month Philadelphia Sesquicentennial Exposition, whose president

222-801: A Princeton University graduate, lived in France early in his career. He is credited with creating a demand for French luxury goods in Philadelphia and the United States that persists to this day. Rodman was credited with the artistic quality that gave the Wanamaker stores their cachet. He was also a patron of fine music, organizing spectacular organ and orchestra concerts in the Wanamaker Philadelphia and New York City stores under music director Alexander Russell. Wanamaker died on December 12, 1922. His funeral

296-454: A Philadelphia-based newspaper. He irritated his father by publishing regular columns to radical intellectuals, including Henry George, Jr. , socialist Henry John Nelson, who later became Emma Goldman 's lawyer, and socialist Caroline H. Pemberton. The younger Wanamaker also began publishing a Sunday edition, which offended his father's sense of keeping the Sabbath holy. His younger son Rodman ,

370-418: A century to come, failing to anticipate the effects of trains, the automobile , and related truck vehicles. During World War I , Wanamaker publicly proposed that the United States buy Belgium from Germany for the sum of one-hundred billion dollars, as an alternative to the continuing carnage of the war. Wanamaker was a presidential elector in the 1888 and 1920 presidential elections . Wanamaker

444-612: A discount, and the tax revenue was not reported. In turn, many of these businesses gave away the tickets for free. The actual paid attendance for the home opener was only 13,855, while the paid attendance for the second game was only 6,200—and many of those tickets were sold well below face value. The "Papergate" scandal made the Bell and the WFL look foolish, and proved to be a humiliation from which neither recovered. The team played at Franklin Field in 1975;

518-689: A farmer and innkeeper in Gray's Ferry. His mother's ancestors came from Rittershoffen in Alsace , France, and from Canton of Bern in Switzerland. At the age of 19, Wanamaker was hired by the Philadelphia YMCA , and served as the first corresponding secretary in the YMCA national organization. In 1861, Wanamaker opened his first store in partnership with his brother in-law Nathan Brown. The store, called "Oak Hall",

592-429: A fellow Republican. In 1890, Wanamaker commissioned a series of stamps that were derided in the national media as the poorest quality stamps ever issued, both for printing quality and materials. When his department store ordered advance copies of the newly translated novel The Kreutzer Sonata by Leo Tolstoy , the deadline was missed, and only the regular discount was offered by the publisher. He retaliated by banning

666-566: A fierce opponent of unionization. During an 1887 organizing drive by the Knights of Labor , he fired the first twelve union members who were discovered by his detectives. Wanamaker was the first retailer to place a half-page newspaper ad (1874) and the first full-page ad (1879). He initially wrote his own ad copy , but later hired the world's first full-time copywriter John Emory Powers . During Powers's tenure, Wanamaker's revenues doubled from $ 4 million to $ 8 million. Wanamaker supposedly said "Half

740-520: A five-member FIFA committee in April 1988 in the evaluation of the United States as a possible host of the 1994 FIFA World Cup . By the time the World Cup was held in 1994, JFK Stadium had already been demolished two years prior. The Philadelphia Flyers won their second Stanley Cup on May 27, 1975 . The next day they celebrated with a parade down Broad Street that ended at the stadium. Five years later,

814-515: A heavy downpour of rain, causing many fair goers to leave. However, one man, Jacob J. Henderson had been proud to be the first person to enter the fairgrounds at the 9:00 A.M. opening. He stated that he had been to the Centennial with his parents, and did not want to miss opening day of the Sesqui. Within the first hour, it is believed that less than 250 entered the gates of the fairgrounds. The fair drew

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888-481: A much smaller crowd than anticipated (about 10 million people). Variety dubbed it "America's Greatest Flop" with a loss of $ 20 million by August 1926. The exposition ended up unable to cover its debts and was placed into receivership in 1927, at which point its assets were sold at auction. Benito Mussolini commemorated the Sesquicentennial by giving a $ 800,000 replica of Bernini's Fountain of Sea Horses to

962-552: A prototype of Harry Traver 's Giant Cyclone Safety Coasters and an installation of his Jazz Railway model of coaster. Naval Air Facility Mustin Field was dedicated at the Philadelphia Navy Yard on September 17, 1926, in honor of Captain Henry C. Mustin , Navy Air Pilot No.3, and Naval Aviator No. 11, who recorded the first catapult launch from a moving vessel on November 5, 1915, when he flew off of USS North Carolina in

1036-508: Is looking to hold another world's fair-type exhibition in Philadelphia in 2026 to commemorate America's 250th birthday . In April 2015, the Philadelphia City Council unanimously passed a resolution to study the matter. 39°54′31″N 75°10′24″W  /  39.9087158°N 75.1732635°W  / 39.9087158; -75.1732635 John Wanamaker John Wanamaker (July 11, 1838 – December 12, 1922)

1110-583: The Cleveland Browns , playing their first season in the NFL after dominating the defunct All-America Football Conference (winning all four league titles), played their first NFL game against the two-time defending NFL Champion Philadelphia Eagles as a prelude to what would eventually in time become the NFL Kickoff Game . Philadelphia was the center of the professional football universe at the time; not only did

1184-724: The Franklin Institute and Philadelphia Chamber of Commerce, who encouraged Mayor Moore to participate in immediate planning.  By November 1920, Moore hosted an event to discuss and develop plans for the Sesquicentennial Exposition, resulting in the establishment of the Committee of 100. The committee's first meeting was held on January 24, 1921, renaming itself the Sesqui-Centennial Exhibition Association (SCEA). Mayor Moore had been elected as

1258-644: The North American Soccer League , in the four team competition. Because Team America was composed of international players and was not the American national team , the Football Association does not regard England's match against Team America as an official international match. JFK Stadium was one of fifteen United States stadia (and along with Franklin Field , also in Philadelphia) inspected by

1332-557: The Philadelphia Eagles . The Eagles had a four-season stint as tenants of the stadium before moving to Shibe Park for the 1940 season, although the team did play at Municipal in 1941. The Eagles also used the stadium for practices in the 1970s and 1980s, even locating their first practice bubble there before moving it to the Veterans Stadium parking lot following the stadium's condemnation. The stadium became known chiefly as

1406-535: The Philadelphia Phillies won their first World Series on October 21 of that year. The following day, the team paraded the exact route. In 1981, The Rolling Stones announced their World Tour via a press conference at JFK. Through 1989, the Broad Street Run course ended with a lap around the track at the stadium. JFK Stadium was known for hosting some of the largest and most prominent rock music acts of

1480-586: The Philadelphia Quakers of the first American Football League , whose Saturday afternoon home games were a popular mainstay of the Exposition. The Quakers won the league championship but the league folded after one year. The Frankford Yellow Jackets also played here intermittently until the team's demise in 1931. Two years later, the National Football League awarded another team to the city,

1554-583: The Postal Service . He was the first to make plans for free rural postal service in the United States, although the plan was not implemented until 1896. In 1890, Wanamaker persuaded Congress to pass an act prohibiting the sale of lottery tickets through the mail, and then he aggressively pursued violators. Those actions effectively ended all state lotteries in the US until they reappeared in 1964, partly as an effort to undermine organized crime. Wanamaker's tenure at

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1628-515: The "neutral" venue for a total of 41 annual Army–Navy Games played there between 1936 and 1979. The streak was briefly broken during World War II , when travel restrictions forced three games to be held on campus and one game to be played in Baltimore . From 1960 to 1970 the stadium served as Navy's home field when they played Notre Dame . It also hosted the Notre Dame-Army game in 1957, marking

1702-730: The Court of Honor, the Liberal Arts and Agriculture Buildings, a group of sculptures and the Stairway of Nations facing on the opposing side the spectacular Tower of Light. Another highlight for fair goers, revolved around the recreation of Philadelphia's High Street during the city's colonial period. This area consisted of over twenty buildings, along with guides dressed in period clothing to interact with people. The Exposition also included an amusement area, located within League Island Park. The area

1776-542: The Eagle" became a popular Philadelphia catchphrase. In November 1955, the store tapped lighting designer, Frederick Yost, to create seasonal displays. Yost designed the "Holiday Light Show" for the Grand Court, creating a more-contemporary display than previous years. Since then, the light show has become an annual tradition for generations of Philadelphians. In the 21st century, the light show has been modernized, but has retained

1850-456: The Post Office was riddled with controversy. He fired some 30,000 postal workers under the then common " spoils system " during his four-year term, as it was customary for a change in political administrations to lead to new appointments for their own supporters. The changeover of so many employees caused severe confusion, inefficiency, and a run-in with civil-service crusader Theodore Roosevelt ,

1924-525: The SCEA's president, while Wanamaker was appointed honorary chairman to its board. The honor of hosting this celebration was awarded to Philadelphia in 1921. Initial grand plans were scaled down tremendously by the time the fair opened. The original director of the exposition, Colonel David C. Collier , resigned in protest over these budget cuts. His replacement, Captain Asher C. Baker, retired due to illness days before

1998-506: The Wanamaker stores, which were sold to May Department Stores Company on June 21, 1995. In August 2006 the flagship Philadelphia store was converted from a Lord & Taylor to a Macy's . John F. Kennedy Stadium (Philadelphia) John F. Kennedy Stadium , formerly Philadelphia Municipal Stadium and Sesquicentennial Stadium , was an open-air stadium in Philadelphia that stood from 1926 to 1992. The South Philadelphia stadium

2072-625: The book from the US Mail on grounds of obscenity. He was ridiculed for this action by many major U.S. newspapers. In 1891, he ordered changes in the uniforms of letter carriers, and was accused of arranging for all the uniforms to be ordered from a single firm in Baltimore, to which he was believed to have financial ties. In 1893 he made a public prediction at the Chicago World's Fair that U.S. mail would still rely on stagecoach and horseback delivery for

2146-515: The city host the defending NFL champions, but the league offices were also in town, headed up by NFL commissioner (and Philadelphia native) Bert Bell . To accommodate the anticipated ticket demand, the game was moved from Shibe Park ; this proved to be a wise decision, as the contest drew a then NFL-record 71,237 — virtually doubling the Eagles' prior attendance record of 38,230. Many thought Bell had scheduled this game of defending league champions to teach

2220-412: The city's atmosphere bleak, even with the election of the new mayor J. Hampton Moore . Through these hardships, Wanamaker's hope and vision for a celebration of Philadelphia continued. Wanamaker took advantage of an interview on July 11, 1919, by using the opportunity to discuss his ideas for a 1926 world's fair.  From this interview, he received the support of other notable Philadelphians as well as

2294-628: The city, which arrived after the fair closed. Installed in Fairmount Park , it was neglected for many years before being restored in 2013. A commemorative stamp , showing the Liberty Bell ( Scott catalogue number 627) was printed, and two early United States commemorative coins were minted. Known as the United States Sesquicentennial coinage , they included a silver half dollar and a gold Quarter eagle . The fifty cent coin shows

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2368-405: The company John Wanamaker & Co. In 1875, he purchased an abandoned railroad depot and converted it into a large store, called John Wanamaker & Co. "The Grand Depot". Wanamaker's is considered the first department store in Philadelphia. The Wanamaker Building is a large, 12-story granite store in Philadelphia, designed by Chicago architect Daniel H. Burnham and completed in 1910. It

2442-478: The country. A.F. "Bud" Dudley, a former Villanova University athletic-director, created the Liberty Bowl in Philadelphia in 1959. The game was played at Municipal Stadium and was the only cold-weather bowl game of its time. It was plagued by poor attendance; the 1963 game between Mississippi State and NC State drew less than 10,000 fans and absorbed a loss in excess of $ 40,000. The Liberty Bowl's best game

2516-531: The day. John Wanamaker purchased a bronze bird sculpture by August Gaul , following the sculpture's exhibition in America in 1904 at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition . The 2,500 lb (1,100 kg) sculpture is a focal point of the store's Grand Court. The sculpture is placed above a steel beam because of its weight. Known as the "Wanamaker Eagle", it became a famous meeting place and "Meet me at

2590-501: The festival opened, leaving things in the hands of E. L. Austin. Baker died less than two weeks later. The fair opened on May 31, 1926, and ran through November on grounds bounded by 10th Street, Packer Avenue, 23rd Street, and the U.S. Navy Yard (Terminal Avenue) in South Philadelphia . Originally known as League Island Park , these grounds are now occupied by FDR Park , Marconi Plaza , Packer Park Residential Neighborhood ,

2664-405: The gateway to the festival. Sesqui-Centennial Stadium (later known as Philadelphia Municipal Stadium and, after 1964, John F. Kennedy Stadium ) was built in conjunction with the fair. The stadium had been a significant aspect of the fair, due to several events being held there. These events include religious ceremonies, the patriotic pageant known as "Freedom," and numerous sporting events. One of

2738-581: The heads of George Washington and Calvin Coolidge on the obverse, and the Liberty Bell on the reverse. The $ 2 1/2 coin has on the obverse Liberty holding a torch and the Declaration of Independence while standing on a globe; the reverse depicts Independence Hall . The stamp was issued in large numbers and is very inexpensive. The coins sold only moderately well, although both remain more common than many commemorative issues of this period. A group called USA250

2812-542: The late 20th century, including (but by no means limited to): Six days after the Grateful Dead's 1989 show, Mayor Wilson Goode condemned the stadium due to multiple findings by city inspectors that the stadium was structurally unsafe as well as a potential fire hazard. Just hours before the concert, city inspectors had discovered piles of combustible materials, numerous electrical problems, and crumbling and/or falling concrete. By this time, some 20,000 people were already in

2886-427: The league folded late into that season. On September 23, 1926, an announced crowd of 120,557 packed the then-new Stadium during a rainstorm to witness Gene Tunney capture the world heavyweight boxing title from Jack Dempsey . Undefeated Rocky Marciano knocked out Jersey Joe Walcott at the stadium on September 23, 1952 to win boxing's heavyweight championship. On June 26, 1957, a 150-lap NASCAR convertible race

2960-542: The look and feel of the original. Since 2006, the "Macy's Dickens Village" has been located on the store's third floor, continuing a Christmas tradition that had begun at Strawbridge's in 1985. Wanamaker expanded to New York City in 1896, continuing a mercantile business originally started by Alexander Turney Stewart . He expanded internationally with the Wanamaker European import houses in London and Paris. Wanamaker

3034-566: The money I spend on advertising is wasted; the trouble is I don't know which half." In 1889, Wanamaker began the First Penny Savings Bank in order to encourage thrift. The same year, he was appointed United States Postmaster General by President Benjamin Harrison ; he was accused by the newspapers of the day of buying the post. Wanamaker was credited by his friends with introducing the first commemorative stamp and many efficiencies to

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3108-686: The most infamous events was the September 23rd championship boxing match between Gene Tunney and Jack Dempsey , which drew a crowd of 125,000 people standing in the rain to witness the occasion. Also on display at the exposition was the Curtis Organ , still one of the largest pipe organs in the world. In 1926 the first bridge (later renamed Benjamin Franklin Bridge ) spanning the Delaware River between center city Philadelphia and Camden, New Jersey ,

3182-563: The only time the Cadets have hosted the Fighting Irish outside of New York or New Jersey. The Pennsylvania Railroad and its successors, Penn Central and Conrail , offered game-day service to all Army-Navy games, using a sprawling temporary station constructed each year on the railroad's nearby Greenwich freight yard. The service, with 40-odd trains serving as many as 30,000 attendees, was the single largest concentrated passenger rail movement in

3256-509: The organ between 1911 and 1917. By 1930, an additional 10,000 pipes were installed, bringing the total number of pipes today to 28,750. The instrument is of the American Symphonic school of design, intended to combine traditional organ resources with the tone colors and beauty of the symphony orchestra. Once a year, usually in June, " Wanamaker Organ Day " is held. This free festival lasts most of

3330-464: The restoration of the city's integrity, patriotism, and industry would emerge. By the end of August 1916, Wanamaker received the support of Howard French, the president of the Philadelphia Chamber of Commerce. In October, plans were underway, and French assigned a committee responsible for planning the "Great International Exposition of Philadelphia in 1926".  The Fairmount Parkway , which

3404-484: The stadium resembles the horseshoe configuration of Harvard Stadium built in 1903. Each section of the main portion of the stadium contained its own entrance, which displayed the letters of each section above the entrance, in a nod to ancient Roman stadia. Section designators were divided at the south end of the stadium (the bottom of the "U" shape) between West and East, starting with Sections WA and EA and proceeding north. The north bleachers started with Section NA. It

3478-477: The stadium, with another 20,000 in line waiting to enter. The Grateful Dead were only allowed to perform due to strict no-smoking regulations that had been enacted some time before. While renovation and repairs of the stadium were discussed, this was quickly rejected due to the exceedingly high costs, and it was demolished on September 23, 1992. The 1993 Philadelphia stop for the Lollapalooza music festival

3552-409: The three stadiums of Philadelphia's massive South Philadelphia Sports Complex : Wells Fargo Center , Lincoln Financial Field , and Citizens Bank Park , and the Philadelphia Eagles training complex which now occupy that portion of the grounds which from 1933 to 1993 were the site of Philadelphia Naval Hospital that was demolished 2001. The senior draftsman for the design of the exposition buildings

3626-662: The time, the University of Pennsylvania's Franklin Field was the city's largest ballpark with a capacity of 30,000 seats; the Philadelphia Athletics' Shibe Park sat 23,000, and the Phillies' National League Park sat 18,000. The initial meeting in 1920 favored building the stadium as a memorial to the nation's war dead and placing it in Fairmount Park at its entrance to the Benjamin Franklin Parkway . The stadium

3700-716: The upper office tower was marketed as the Wanamaker Office Building. The Wanamaker Building's most notable feature is its seven-story, marble-clad central atrium, known as the "Grand Court". The Grand Court quickly became a Philadelphia favorite, highlighted by the Wanamaker Eagle and the Wanamaker Grand Court Organ. The Grand Court has been featured in several movies, including Nasty Habits in 1977, Mannequin in 1987, Blow Out in 1981, and 12 Monkeys in 1995. The Wanamaker Grand Court Organ

3774-768: The upstarts from the AAFC a lesson. Instead, the Browns shredded the Eagles' vaunted defense in a 35-10 rout and went on to win the NFL Championship that first year in the league. In 1958, some 15,000 fans attended a CFL game between the Hamilton Tiger-Cats and the Ottawa Rough Riders with proceeds from ticket sales going to local charities. (Hamilton won, 24-18, in what remains the only regular-season CFL game played between two Canadian teams outside of Canada.) The stadium

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3848-452: Was John Wanamaker . Thirty foreign nations attended the Sesqui, and all the planes from the exhibition flew in formation with aircraft of the Army, Navy, and Marine Corps to honor Mustin." Among the foreign nations that attended the Sesquicentennial was China, represented by H. H. Kung . From its opening day on May 31, the exposition already faced challenges to its success. The fair opened with

3922-478: Was a young Louis Kahn , later a world-renowned architect, then working under City Architect John Molitor. Sculptor Charles Tefft was chosen as the director of sculpture for the fair while noted Philadelphia sculptor and artist Albert Laessle created the fair's Medals of Award. Organizers constructed an 80-foot (24 m) replica of the Exposition's symbol, the Liberty Bell , covered in 26,000 light bulbs , at

3996-590: Was an American merchant and religious, civic and political figure, considered by some to be a proponent of advertising and a "pioneer in marketing". He served as United States Postmaster General in the Benjamin Harrison administration from 1889 to 1893. Wanamaker was born in the Grays Ferry section of South Philadelphia on July 11, 1838. to John Nelson Wanamaker, a brickmaker and native of Kingwood, New Jersey , and Elizabeth Deshong Kochersperger, daughter of

4070-622: Was an avid collector of art and antiquities. He made several donations to the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology . Among the donations was a collection of bronze reproductions of artifacts uncovered from the ruins of Pompeii and Herculaneum , known as the Wanamaker Bronzes, which Wanamaker had commissioned by the Chiurazzi Foundry in Naples for the museum. In 1860, Wanamaker married Mary Erringer Brown. They had six children, two of whom died in childhood: In 1899, Wanamaker's son, Thomas, who specialized in store financial matters, purchased The North American ,

4144-605: Was an innovator, creative in his work, a merchandising genius, and proponent of the power of advertising, though modest and with an enduring reputation for honesty. Although he did not invent the fixed price system, he is credited for the creation of the price tag; he popularized it as the industry standard. He also started the "money-back guarantee" that is now standard business practice. He provided his employees with free medical care, education, recreational facilities, pensions and profit-sharing plans before such benefits were considered standard. Labor activists, however, knew him as

4218-446: Was built as part of the 1926 Sesquicentennial International Exposition . Originally known as Sesquicentennial Stadium when it opened April 15, 1926, the structure was renamed Philadelphia Municipal Stadium after the Exposition's closing ceremonies. In 1964, it was renamed John F. Kennedy Stadium in memory of the 35th President of the United States who had been assassinated the year before. The stadium's first tenants (in 1926 ) were

4292-426: Was built in anticipation of the attending crowds. Key speakers at the opening ceremonies were Secretary of State Frank B. Kellogg , Secretary of Commerce and future President Herbert Hoover , and Philadelphia Mayor W. Freeland Kendrick . At the center of the exposition along the main thoroughfare on a segment of south Broad Street known as the Southern Boulevard Parkway was the Forum of Founders consisting of

4366-399: Was built of concrete, stone, and brick on a 13.5-acre (55,000 m ) tract. Leaders of Philadelphia's sports organizations gathered at the Philadelphia Chamber of Commerce in March 1920 and announced their intention to build a 200,000 seat sports stadium to attract national and international sporting events. The city immediately submitted its candidacy to host the 1924 Summer Olympics . At

4440-482: Was constructed on the property in addition to his vast mansion. Part of the former estate became the campus of Salus University . A family trust owned the Wanamaker's store chain, run by a trustee system set up by Rodman Wanamaker's will. In 1978, the business was sold to Carter Hawley Hale, Inc. The 15-store chain was sold to Woodward & Lothrop in 1986, and the downtown store was renamed as Lord & Taylor . Woodies declared bankruptcy in 1994, and with it went

4514-506: Was dedicated by U.S. President William Howard Taft on December 30, 1911. The store stands on the site of "The Grand Depot", encompassing an entire block at the corner of 13th and Market Streets across from Philadelphia City Hall . The new store, The Wanamaker Building, which still stands today, became a Philadelphia institution. The entire building was initially devoted to the department store and company offices. The building has remained an integral part of Philadelphia culture . In 2018,

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4588-424: Was designated as "Treasure Island." It occupied over five acres and was referred to as a children's paradise. A variety of amusements and entertainment were available. Included were a replica of the Canadian Rockies, a miniature railroad, mountain slide, Robinson Crusoe's Beach, a pirate's lair, boat rides and Noah's Ark complete with animals. The exposition had a number of roller coasters. These included The Cyclone ,

4662-520: Was designed by George Ashdown Audsley and built by the Los Angeles Art Organ Company for the 1904 St. Louis World's Fair . The instrument had 10,059 pipes, and cost $ 105,000 to construct, equal to $ 3,560,000 today. Wanamaker bought the organ in 1909 and had it transported from St. Louis aboard 13 freight cars. The organ's installation in Philadelphia took two years. It was played for the first time on June 22, 1911, to coincide with England's King George V's coronation. More than 8,000 pipes were added to

4736-573: Was held at the JFK Stadium site on July 18, 1993 . The site was an open field, as construction had not yet begun on the then still tentatively named "Spectrum II" ( Wells Fargo Center ). This was the show at which Rage Against the Machine stood on stage without playing in protest of the Parents Music Resource Center . The Wells Fargo Center now stands on the site. The Center is part of the Sports Complex that also includes Lincoln Financial Field and Citizens Bank Park . †= Team's stadium under construction or refurbishment at time 1 = A team used

4810-494: Was held at the Stadium, which was won by Bob Welborn in a 1957 Chevrolet . JFK Stadium hosted Team America's soccer match against England on May 31, 1976, as part of the 1976 U.S.A. Bicentennial Cup Tournament . In the game, England defeated Team America, 3-1, in front of a small crowd of 16,239. England and Italy had failed to qualify for the 1976 European Championship final tournament and so they joined Brazil and Team America, composed of international stars playing in

4884-405: Was home to the Philadelphia Bell of the World Football League in 1974. The Bell seemed to give the WFL instant credibility when it announced a crowd of 55,534 for the home opener, and 64,719 for the second home game. However, when the Bell paid city taxes on the attendance figures two weeks later, it emerged that the gates had been wildly inflated. The team sold block tickets to area businesses at

4958-658: Was its first in 1959, when 38,000 fans watched Penn State beat Alabama 7–0. However, even that crowd was swallowed up in the environment. Atlantic City convinced Dudley to move his game from Philadelphia to Atlantic City's Convention Hall for 1964 . 6,059 fans saw Utah rout West Virginia in the first indoor bowl game. Dudley moved the game to Memphis in 1965 where it has been played since. The stadium hosted Philadelphia's City Title high school football championship game in 1939 and 1978. St. Joe's Prep defeated Northeast , 27-6, in 1939. Frankford beat Archbishop Wood , 27-7, in heavy rain in 1978. On September 16, 1950,

5032-449: Was located at 6th and Market Streets in Philadelphia , adjacent to the site of the residence and offices of George Washington during his presidency . Oak Hall grew substantially based on Wanamaker's then-revolutionary principle: "One price and goods returnable". In 1869, he opened his second store at 818 Chestnut Street , and, capitalizing on his own name due to the untimely death of his brother-in-law and growing reputation, renamed

5106-540: Was located on York Road below Washington Lane at ( 40°05′07″N 75°07′52″W  /  40.0853°N 75.1311°W  / 40.0853; -75.1311 ). The original mansion was designed by architect E. A. Sargent of New York City; President Harrison visited Wanamaker at the Lindenhurst mansion. A neoclassic mansion was constructed when the original Victorian Lindenhurst burned in 1907, destroying much of Wanamaker's art collection. A railroad station, Chelten Hills located below Jenkintown , and no longer in existence,

5180-451: Was made sole inheritor of the store businesses. Rodman Wanamaker died in 1928, leaving the businesses with a documented worth of $ 36.7 million ($ 637,097,416 today) in a trust. Rodman is credited with founding the Professional Golfers' Association of America and the Millrose Games . The senior Wanamaker's first son, Thomas B. Wanamaker, died in Paris in 1908. His country estate, Lindenhurst mansion in Cheltenham Township, Pennsylvania ,

5254-562: Was on December 14, 1922, with a service at the Bethany Presbyterian Church. He was interred in the Wanamaker family tomb in the churchyard of the Church of St. James the Less in Philadelphia . At his death, his estate was estimated to be US$ 100 million ($ 1,820,278,330 today), divided equally among his three living children and granddaughters, Mary "Minnie" Wanamaker Warburton (Mrs. Barclay Warburton), Patricia "Paddy" W. Estelle, and Elizabeth Wanamaker McLeod, who all received substantial stock, real estate and cash instruments. Second son Rodman

5328-489: Was on the east side of the far southern end of Broad Street at a location now part of the South Philadelphia Sports Complex . Designed by the architectural firm of Simon & Simon in a classic 1920s style with a horseshoe seating design that surrounded a track and football field, at its peak the facility seated in excess of 102,000 people. Bleachers were later added at the open (North) end. The shape of

5402-403: Was the last surviving member of President Benjamin Harrison's cabinet. Wanamaker was known for his philanthropy to programs to aid the poor in Philadelphia. He co-founded Sunday Breakfast Rescue Mission, a homeless shelter and soup kitchen, in 1878. The Sunday Breakfast Rescue Mission has since expanded to provide more services and still supports the homeless population of Philadelphia. He

5476-461: Was under construction, would be the official site of the exposition.  In 1917 the United States found itself involved in World War I, which caused the planning for the Sesquicentennial Exposition to be placed on hold. After World War I , Philadelphia suffered because of losses in the war, the spread of Spanish Influenza , and the hardships of Prohibition .  These circumstances combined made

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