The International Meteorological Organization ( IMO ; 1873–1951) was the first organization formed with the purpose of exchanging weather information among the countries of the world. It came into existence from the realization that weather systems move across country boundaries; and that knowledge of pressure, temperature, precipitations, etc., upstream and downstream are needed for weather forecasting . It was superseded by the World Meteorological Organization .
24-532: Servicio Meteorológico Nacional may refer to one of the following national weather services: Servicio Meteorológico Nacional (Argentina) Servicio Meteorológico Nacional (Mexico) See also [ edit ] National Weather Service (United States), known in Spanish as Servicio Nacional de Meteorología Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with
48-605: A network of observatories that measure atmospheric parameters in addition to the meteorological parameters such as ultraviolet radiation, solar radiation, and ozone levels. The first weather station in Antarctica was in 1904 when an observatory that both measured meteorological and geomagnetic parameters was open on Orcadas Base on Laurie Island in the South Orkney Islands ( Spanish : Orcadas del Sur ). Currently, SMN maintains 6 synoptic weather stations in Antarctica on
72-509: A telegraph-based worldwide weather station network, the Réseau Mondial . Simplifying Teisserenc de Bort's vision, the IMO decided that the network should collect, calculate, and distribute monthly and annual averages for pressure, temperature, and precipitation from a well-distributed sample of land based on meteorological stations, in effect a global climatological database. The distribution standard
96-663: Is an Argentine government agency under the Ministry of Defense that is tasked with observing, understanding, and predicting the weather and climate in Argentina and its surrounding waters. It provides weather forecasts, radar images, ozone, temperature and rainfall graphs, and satellite images. The purpose of these tasks is to contribute to protection of its inhabitants, sustainable economic development and to provide representation of Argentina to international meteorological organizations. Founded on 4 October 1872 by Federal law Nº559 during
120-590: Is currently under the Ministry of Defense. The organisation was founded on 4 October 1872 by Federal law Nº559 during the presidency of Domingo Faustino Sarmiento under the name ( Spanish : Oficina Meteorológica Argentina ) or OMA for short with Dr. Benjamin Apthorp Gould as its first director. This made it the first meteorological organisation in South America and the third one in the world, after Hungary and
144-561: The Argentine Air Force for 40 years until 1 January 2007 when Decree Nº1689 finally transferred it back into civilian hands. Finally, Decree Nº1432 in 2007 made the organisation a decentralised one that was under the Ministry of Defense, giving it the ability to have its own control over its finances, its own legal status, and ability to act in both the private and public fields. Currently, SMN has 125 weather stations that extended across both Argentina and Antarctica. They also include
168-565: The Antarctic bases operated by Argentina ( Carlini Base , San Martín Base , Belgrano II Base , Esperanza Base , Marambio Base , and Orcadas Base ). The Prevenir project in Argentina, a collaborative effort between Argentine and Japanese entities, utilizes AI and other methodologies to develop an early warning system for urban floods. Focused initially on vulnerable areas in Buenos Aires and Córdoba, it pioneers advanced forecasting techniques in
192-488: The Ministry of Agriculture, under the new name ( Spanish : Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería de la Nación ). SMN became a member of the World Meteorological Organization on 2 January 1951. From 7 May 1957 until October 1966, SMN was under the Ministry of Aeronuatics ( Spanish : Ministerio de Aeronáutica de la Nación ). Later on, during the coup by Juan Carlos Onganía , SMN was directly under
216-468: The OMA was renamed to ( Spanish : Dirección Meteorológica ) until September 1927 when it was changed to ( Spanish : Dirección de Meteorología ). Law Nº12252 was passed on 28 September 1935 kept the organisation still under the agriculture ministry but it was renamed to ( Spanish : Dirección de Meteorología, Geofísica e Hidrología ). The current name of the organization, Servicio Meteorológico Nacional (SMN)
240-709: The United States which were created in 1870 and 1871 respectively. The OMA was under the Ministry of Justice, Cult and Public Instruction ( Spanish : Ministerio de Justicia, Culto e Instrucción Pública ). The first national network of meteorological stations and geomagnetic observations was established in 1873. Later on that year from 2 September to 16 September, the OMA attended the International Meteorological Congress in Vienna , Austria-Hungary . The International Meteorological Congress in 1873 agreed for
264-704: The directors of national meteorological services. A Permanent Meteorological Committee was established with Buys Ballot , director of the Dutch meteorological service , becoming the first president. A second congress in Rome 1879 decided on the IMO establishment and elected an International Meteorological Committee to prepare for the next Conference of Directors. The director of the Central Geophysical Observatory in Saint Petersburg , Swiss born Heinrich von Wild
SECTION 10
#1732876345239288-653: The establishment of the International Meteorological Organization . The first solar radiation observations were made in 1874 in Córdoba . In 1875, Argentina made the first international exchange of meteorological data with neighbouring Chile. In 1898, Federal law Nº3727 was passed by the Argentine National Congress which transferred the OMA to Ministry of Agriculture ( Spanish : Ministerio de Agricultura de la Nación ). In June 1924,
312-560: The latter's annual budget never exceeded US$ 20,000. In September 1929 the Copenhagen Conference of Directors set up a technical Commission For Climatology, which held a meeting at Innsbruck discussing issues such as the relationship between dynamic meteorology and climatology. At its 1934 Wiesbaden meeting the Commission designated the thirty-year period from 1901 to 1930 as the reference time frame for climatological standard normals.
336-475: The movement of volcanic ash into the atmosphere during volcanic eruptions. The functions and responsibilities of the Buenos Aires VAAC are listed below: International Meteorological Organization The Renaissance brought significant development of instruments to measure atmospheric phenomena and scales to compare them . Subsequent developments in atmospheric science in the 18th century confirmed
360-667: The need for widespread measurement and uniform transnational measurement scales. In the early 19th century, countries began to share meteorological data, and on this basis a conference was held in Cambridge in 1845 with representation by the leading British and European meteorologists, including: Matthew Fontaine Maury , of the US Navy , initiated the convening of the first true International Meteorological conference from late August through early September 1853. The conference opened its proceedings at Brussels , Belgium , on 23 August 1853, in
384-438: The presidency of Domingo Faustino Sarmiento , the organisation was the first meteorological organisation in South America and the third one in the world, after Hungary and the United States which were created in 1870 and 1871 respectively. It became a member of the World Meteorological Organization on 2 January 1951. Throughout its history, the organisation was dependent under different government ministries until in 2007 when it
408-529: The project marks a significant step towards more effective disaster management in Argentina and potentially worldwide. There are 9 Volcanic Ash Advisory Centres (VAAC for short) around the world that are responsible for monitoring volcanic ash to provide critical information and maintain aviation safety. SMN is responsible for the Buenos Aires VAAC, which covers all areas from longitudes 90 o W to 10 W and latitudes 10 S to 90 S. VAACs are designated regional meteorological centres that are tasked with observing
432-559: The region. Led by researchers like Juan Jose Ruiz, Prevenir's approach resembles Google's tool on a smaller scale, with a focus on precipitation dynamics. Despite less extensive data availability compared to international counterparts, Argentine models leverage radar-provided information for future precipitation system predictions. Apart from enhancing flood forecasts and alerts, Prevenir aims to expand observation networks and raise public awareness about risk prevention. Leveraging high-performance supercomputers like Clementina XXI and Fugaku,
456-738: The residence of M. Piercot, the Minister of the Interior. The governments represented at the first International Conference, and the names of the officers who attended were : C. H. D. Buys Ballot 's 1872 paper Suggestions on a Uniform System of Meteorological Observations pushed for the creation of an international body, and a second International Meteorological Congress was held in Vienna , Austria-Hungary , in September 1873 which agreed to begin preparations for an International Meteorological Organization ( IMO ). There they decided that membership would be
480-608: The title Servicio Meteorológico Nacional . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Servicio_Meteorológico_Nacional&oldid=917185652 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Servicio Meteorol%C3%B3gico Nacional (Argentina) The National Weather Service ( Spanish : Servicio Meteorológico Nacional )
504-542: Was appointed president, and the head of British Meteorological Office, Robert Scott was appointed secretary. There was however no separate funding. Also the directors agreed on a collaborative research effort with the International Polar Year 1882–1883. The first International Meteorological Tables were published in 1889. The 1891 Conference of Directors of Meteorological Services convened in Munich . The organization
SECTION 20
#1732876345239528-664: Was created on 5 May 1945 when Decree Nº10131 was passed, placing SMN under the Secretary of Aeronautics ( Spanish : Secretaría de Aeronáutica ). This was later reinforced by law when the Argentine Congress passed Law Nº12945 on 29 January 1947 that officially established the name and creation of it. On 9 March 1950, SMN was transferred to the Ministerio de Asuntos Técnicos de la Nación according to Decree Nº5197 until in 22 June 1954 when Decree Nº12248 reverted SMN to being back under
552-625: Was further refined by electing an Executive Bureau and deciding upon the first permanent topic commission, the Commission for Terrestrial Magnetism. The 1896 Conference of Directors in Paris established more commissions: the Commission for Radiation and Insolation, and the Commission for Aeronautics. At the same year IMO published the first International Cloud Atlas . In 1905 the Conference of Directors convened in Innsbruck . Léon Teisserenc de Bort proposed
576-620: Was two stations within each ten-degree latitude/longitude quadrangle. Ultimately, the network comprises about 500 land stations between 80°N and 61°S. The first annual data set, for 1911, appeared in 1917. Between the two world wars there were four further Conferences of Directors, 1919 in Paris, 1923 in Utrecht, 1929 in Copenhagen and 1935 in Warsaw. The IMO did not acquire a permanent secretariat until 1926, and
#238761