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27-510: According to Sulkhan-Saba Orbeliani the name "Senaki" ( სენაკი ) means "small room" or "chapel" in Georgian. From 1935 to 1976 the town was called "Mikha Tskhakaya" in honor of the Georgian Bolshevik revolutionary leader Mikhail Tskhakaya . In 1976 the name was simplified to "Tskhakaya". After 1989, the town was given back its original name. The geographical name "Senaki" first appears in

54-474: A Euro 4 standard cement producing plant began close to the town. Cement produced in Senaki will target both local and export markets. At a three kilometer distance from Senaki the resort Menji can be found. During Soviet times it was a famous balneologycal and recreational water resort, which, nowadays, is severely damaged and abandoned. Historically Senaki was one of the important cultural and educational centers of

81-926: A journey to the Holy See and to France . He visited Pope Clement XI and King Louis XIV and requested aid from them for King Vakhtang and the Catholic Faith in Kartli (East-Georgian Kingdom). After his return to Kartli Orbeliani actively began trying to spread Catholicism in Georgia, for which the Georgian Orthodox Church persecuted him. In 1724 he fled with King Vakhtang to the Russian Empire . Lazica The Kingdom of Lazica ( Georgian : ეგრისი , Egrisi ; Laz : ლაზიკა , Laziǩa ; Ancient Greek : Λαζική , Lazikḗ ), sometimes called Lazian Empire ,

108-897: A lot of Jews were living in the town. They mostly left city in the late 1970s. Senaki is an important station of the Tbilisi – Poti and Tbilisi – Zugdidi railway lines. It also connects several roads of international and national importance. Due to its location Senaki is one of the leading economic and trade centers of the Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti region. During the Soviet period there used to be mechanical, carpet manufacturing and brick producing factories; The processing of wine, tea and citrus were developed there. The small and middle-sized industries functioning today in Senaki include several agro products (nut, laurel, tea, milk, corn) processing factories, wood and asphalt production. In June 2016, construction of

135-633: Is known as a distinctly mono-ethnic town with a majority of Georgians. According to the 2002 state census 98% of the total population were ethnic Georgians. The oldest official data about the population of Senaki stems from the 1897 census and counted 1248 people (927 – male, 321 – female). The 1950s-1970s were an important period for the development of Senaki which also affected the growth of the population. The 2014 census counted 21.596 people (including IDPs from Abkhazia). Today, besides Georgians (99,4%), Russians (0.19%), Armenians (0.18%), Assyrians (0.11%) and others (0.12%) are living in Senaki. During Soviet times

162-556: The Kingdom of Abkhazia from c. 780, one of the early medieval polities which would converge into the unified kingdom of Georgia in the 11th century. The parts of the Lazian Empire were Suani , Scymni , Western Abasgia , Eastern Abasgia ( Apsilia ), Misimiani and their rulers would be appointed by the kings of Lazica with the formally upon the approval of the Byzantine emperor. In

189-703: The Pope Clement XI , who treated him as the Father of all Georgia. The French said of him: "It is happiness that we have had the advantage of seeing the Wisdom of Solomon and divine grace with our own eyes in the person of Your Greatness". France promised assistance to Georgia, but soon Louis XIV died. The ruling circles in France changed and relations with countries of the Near East became aggravated. Concrete historical circumstance made

216-522: The 17th century referring to the old trade settlement and cathedral on the right river bank of the river Tekhura/i. Historically, the city was the administrative center of Senaki Uyezd of the Kutaisi Governorate . After the beginning of the construction of the Poti-Tbilisi railway line (1872), the center was relocated to its current location, 5 km away from the old settlement. Senaki was one of

243-582: The French missioners, Jean Richard, testify to his authority among his contemporaries: "I believe him to be the father of all Georgia." He was born on 4 November 1658, in the village of Tandzia near Bolnisi in the Kvemo Kartli region. He spent his childhood and adolescence there. He was brought up at the court of King Giorgi XI and acquired his encyclopedic knowledge in the Great Palace Library. When he

270-681: The Zans". By the mid-3rd century, Lazica was given partial autonomy within the Roman Empire and developed into a kingdom. Throughout much of its existence, it was mainly a Byzantine strategic vassal kingdom that briefly came under Sasanian Persian rule during the Lazic War . The kingdom fell to the Muslim conquest in the 7th century. Lazica in the 8th century successfully repelled the Arab occupation and formed part of

297-609: The cities of Lazica were preserved in the works of Byzantine historians. The list of cities mentioned in Byzantine sources were: The most significant fertile and rich area of Lazica was the Rioni river valley. A densely populated part of the territory of Colchis, where most of the Laz cities were located. In the IV-V centuries AD large cities appeared in Lazica such as: Archeopolis, Rhodopolis and Kotayon, and

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324-574: The early 4th century, the Christian eparchy (eastern bishopric) of Pityus was established in this kingdom, and as in neighboring Iberia Christianity was declared as an official religion in AD 319. Other ancient episcopal sees in Lazica include Rhodopolis , Saesina, and Zygana. Bishop Stratophilus of Pityus was among the participants of the First Council of Nicaea in 325. The first Christian king of Lazica

351-602: The important centers of the mutiny against the Bolsheviks in 1924 as well as the center of the Georgia military mutiny of 1998 . The city used to be an important military airbase during the Soviet period. The Second Infantry Brigade of the Georgian Army is now stationed on the same base. It was renewed after 2005 to meet NATO standards. The city was also the site of a battle during the 2008 South Ossetia war . Historically Senaki

378-563: The mythical Colchian town "Aia" and then capital of Lazica ( Georgian : ეგრისის სამეფო ) "Tsikhegoji" was located there. "Egrisoba" ( Georgian : ეგრისობა ) – The main annual event and public festival in Senaki. It is mostly celebrated in the middle of autumn. "Egirosoba" firstly was held in 1989 and then reestablished in 2014. Sulkhan-Saba Orbeliani Prince Sulkhan-Saba Orbeliani ( Georgian : სულხან-საბა ორბელიანი [sulχan saba oɾbeliani] ; November 4, 1658 – January 26, 1725), known simply as Sulkhan-Saba ,

405-452: The population of the coastal areas increased, mainly in the areas of Phasis. The architecture of the fortresses of Lazica, located at the key points of the main trade and military routes from the shores of the Black Sea to Iran, show the influence of Byzantine architecture Maritime trade played a significant role in the country's economy, the center of which was the port of Phasis. Trade

432-481: The reader towards greater kindness and compassion. His next important work was The Georgian Dictionary , which combines both a lexicon and an encyclopedia, one of the first works of its kind in history. His work helped standardize the literary Georgian language . His dictionary for the language is still essential for those who wish to learn Georgian today. Orbeliani was an educator of the King of Kartli Vakhtang VI who

459-477: The region. Two years after the establishment of the Georgian Theatre in 1879, the first performance was held in Senaki. One of the first nobiliary schools in Georgia was opened in Senaki (Currently Dzveli Senaki) in 1884. Famous Georgian writers, academics and public figures including Simon Janashia , Konstantine Gamsakhurdia , Arnold Chikobava , were taught in this school. One of the important landmarks of

486-542: The town constitutes the State Theater in Baroque Revival style (architect Vakhtang Gogoladze). The theatre is part of the Georgian cultural heritage and is under rehabilitation until 2018. The town is also famous for its neat streets with red brick houses. At proximity to the town, on the so-called "Archangel hill", the historical church built by the monk Alex Shushania (named Senakeli) in 1908 can be found. The church

513-594: The travel of Orbeliani unsuccessful, his attempts to bring Georgia and the states of Western Europe together turned out to be all in vain. Before becoming a monk of David-Garedja Monastery in 1698 under the name Saba, Orbeliani converted to the Roman Catholic Church (1692). He originally practiced his new religion in secret. After 1703 he made spreading the Catholic faith in Georgia a major policy of King Vakhtang VI , who had been his pupil. In 1713–1714 Orbeliani made

540-507: Was Gubazes I ; in the 5th century, Christianity was made the official religion of Lazica. Later, the nobility and clergy of Lazica switched from the Hellenic ecclesiastic tradition to the Georgian, and Georgian became the language of culture and education. The Bichvinta Cathedral is one of oldest monuments of Georgian Christian architecture. It was constructed by King Bagrat III of Georgia (978-1014, an Orthodox saint). The information about

567-464: Was 20–25 years old he wrote a collection of fables and tales titled Sibrdzne Sitsruisa ( A Book of Wisdom and Lies ), containing his observations about life. The reader feels how ably, deliberately and naturally the author weaves together his ideas about the lives of both humans and animals. Orbeliani understands both the light and the dark side of human nature and human experience. He describes many aspects of life, answers many questions, and encourages

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594-534: Was a Georgian writer and diplomat. Orbeliani is noted in part due to his important role as an emissary of Georgia to France and the Vatican , where he vainly sought assistance on behalf of his beleaguered King Vakhtang VI . Orbeliani was born into the House of Orbeliani , with close ties to the Georgian royal Bagrationi dynasty . He was a fabulist , lexicographer, translator, diplomat and scientist. The words of one of

621-647: Was a state in the territory of west Georgia in the Roman period , from about the 1st century BC. Created as a result of the collapse of the kingdom of Colchis and the gaining of independence by the tribal-territorial units included in it in 131 AD. In the Svan language , the Svans refer to the Mingrelia (Samegrelo) region as Lazan, La- is the Svan territorial prefix and Lazan means "the land of

648-464: Was carried out mainly with Pontus and Bosporus (Crimea), which were under Roman control at the time. Leather , fur and other raw materials, as well as slaves , were exported from the country in large quantities. In exchange, they imported salt , bread , wine , expensive fabrics and weapons . It is believed that the destruction of free trade and the introduction of a monopoly by the Romans in Lazica

675-606: Was one of the few churches which were not closed during Soviet times in Georgia. North of the town different kinds of spiritual and historical sights are situated: the Teklati Convent, the Shkhefi fortress and the Sakalandarishvilo fortification. Close to Senaki the ancient archeological and historical site of Nokalakevi (Archeopolis, Tsikhe-Goji) can also be found. According to the different sources (e.x. F. Diobua de Monpereoux)

702-690: Was searching for methods of freeing the country from the Osmans . In 1698 Orbeliani became a monk at the Monastery of David Gareji, from thence called Sulkhan-Saba. Orbeliani appealed to the West for assistance. The growth of his state authority was crowned by his diplomatic missions. He travelled via Constantinople, Marseilles, Paris, Rome, and other cities of Italy and finally back to Georgia through Constantinople and Turkey. In Paris he appeared before Ludwig XIV and in Italy before

729-534: Was the leader of the movement initiated for an intellectual renaissance in Georgia. In 1709 the first printing-house was established, where for the first time the Gospel and The Knight in the Panther's Skin were printed. During this period the Georgian chronicles were collected, the basis of the Georgian historiography. Orbeliani was in the center of the political and social life of the country together with Vakhtang VI. He

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