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85-480: Radical Party left the coalition on 1 September 2015. After Fatherland and Self Reliance left the coalition on 17 and 18 February 2016 the coalition became 5 deputies short of the 226 needed. It was then disputed that Radical Party had left the coalition until on 29 March 2016 it was officially announced in parliament that on September 1, 2015, Radical Party had left the coalition. On 10 April 2016 Prime Minister Yatsenyuk announced he resigned. On 14 April 2016 Yatsenyuk

170-701: A "legislative monopoly" over the EU lawmaking process. The briefing suggests that this system, which elevates the European Parliament to a vetoing and amending body, was "originally rooted in the mistrust of the political process in post-war Europe". This system is unusual since the Commission's sole right of legislative initiative is a power usually associated with Parliaments. Several governments in European parliamentary democracies have been labelled 'technocratic' based on

255-428: A "technocratic divide" exists between a governing body controlled to varying extents by technocrats and members of the general public. Technocratic divides are "efficacy gaps that persist between governing bodies employing technocratic principles and members of the general public aiming to contribute to government decision making." Technocracy privileges the opinions and viewpoints of technical experts, exalting them into

340-585: A basis for internal reform. After the leadership change in the Verkhovna Rada in 2016, the reform's implementation slowed. However, the reform initiated by Groysman continued in the format of the Jean Monnet Dialogues and a mediation process involving joint efforts from the Ukrainian and European parliaments to develop political dialogue and consensus among political parties. On 14 April 2016, Groysman

425-491: A certain grasp of technical skill rather than democratic mandate. Technocrats are individuals with technical training and occupations who perceive many important societal problems as being solvable with the applied use of technology and related applications. The administrative scientist Gunnar K. A. Njalsson theorizes that technocrats are primarily driven by their cognitive "problem-solution mindsets" and only in part by particular occupational group interests. Their activities and

510-538: A competitive process. Additionally, the government transitioned to an electronic document management system between the government, central executive bodies, and regional administrations. Sixteen electronic services were introduced in construction, registration, and environmental sectors. On 13 March 2017, Groysman became the first Ukrainian politician to communicate with Elon Musk on Twitter . On 30 March Groysman sent an official letter to Musk regarding discussions on establishing energy infrastructure. On 1 April 2017,

595-420: A conflict between physical efficiency and cost efficiency in the new corporate capitalist enterprises of the late nineteenth-century United States . Because of their perceptions of market demand, the profit-conscious, non-technical managers of firms where the engineers work often impose limits on the projects that engineers desire to undertake. The prices of all inputs vary with market forces, thereby upsetting

680-519: A democratic cabal directed by Mark Zuckerberg and the entire cohort of " Big Tech " executives. In his 1982 Technology and Culture journal article, "The Technocratic Image and the Theory of Technocracy", John G. Gunnell writes: "...politics is increasingly subject to the influence of technological change", with specific reference to the advent of The Long Boom and the genesis of the Internet , following

765-418: A direction of production processes under scientific management. According to Daniel Bell : "St. Simon's vision of industrial society, a vision of pure technocracy, was a system of planning and rational order in which society would specify its needs and organize the factors of production to achieve them." Citing the ideas of St. Simon, Bell concludes that the "administration of things" by rational judgment

850-448: A form of meritocracy , where the ablest are in charge, ostensibly without the influence of special interest groups. Critics have suggested that a "technocratic divide" challenges more participatory models of democracy, describing these divides as "efficacy gaps that persist between governing bodies employing technocratic principles and members of the general public aiming to contribute to government decision making". The term technocracy

935-614: A junior specialist degree in law. In 2003, Groysman graduated from the private higher education institution Interregional Academy of Personnel Management with a degree in law. In February 2010, he completed studies at the National Academy of Public Administration of the President of Ukraine, earning a master’s degree in Public Development Management with a focus on regional and local governance. In 2002, at 24, he won

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1020-454: A kind of aristocracy while marginalizing the opinions and viewpoints of the general public. As major multinational technology corporations (e.g., FAANG ) swell market caps and customer counts, critiques of technocratic government in the 21st century see its manifestation in American politics not as an "authoritarian nightmare of oppression and violence" but rather as an éminence grise :

1105-562: A landfill in Stadnytsia. During Groysman’s tenure as mayor, Vinnytsia abolished district divisions and district councils. In 2008, the city launched the first "Transparent Office" to provide administrative services to the public. This system, later expanded across Ukraine, served as a model. The central bridge in Vinnytsia was also repaired. Between 2007 and 2013, Groysman attracted over 736 million UAH in external investments to Vinnytsia. For

1190-407: A lengthy philosophical treatise of original ideas, Tectology: Universal Organization Science . Tectology anticipated many basic ideas of systems analysis , later explored by cybernetics . In Tectology , Bogdanov proposed unifying all social, biological, and physical sciences by considering them as systems of relationships and seeking organizational principles that underlie all systems. Arguably,

1275-470: A letter that announced that the Radical Party had left the coalition. It was officially announced in parliament that on 31 September 2015 Radical Party had left the coalition on 29 March 2016. On 10 April 2016 Yatsenyuk announced that he would resign as Prime Minister and would ask parliament to fire him on 12 April 2016. He added that his own party (People's Front) "remains in the coalition because today it

1360-566: A new coalition new elections are needed. But on 19 February 2016 First Deputy Chairman of parliament Andriy Parubiy stated that since the Parliamentary Speaker had not officially announced in parliament that Radical Party had left the coalition this party was still a part of the parliamentary coalition. Also on 19 February 2016 Radical Party leader Oleh Lyashko stated in parliament that the Parliamentary Chairman had received

1445-564: A proposal for reforming the Ukrainian parliament. During " Ukrainian Week " in Brussels in 2016, a roadmap for internal reform and strengthening the institutional capacity of the Verkhovna Rada was approved. Unfortunately, the reform was not implemented due to a lack of support from President Petro Poroshenko . That same year, the Verkhovna Rada adopted a resolution recognizing the European Parliament Mission’s recommendations as

1530-539: A result, communities received significantly more for their land than in traditional auctions. As part of a large-scale government medical reform, the National Health Service of Ukraine began operations. It became the primary contractor for medical services in Ukraine, distributing budget funds among hospitals with which it signs contracts. Hospitals are paid for the medical services and drugs they provide. In 2018,

1615-478: A seat in the Vinnytsia City Council in majoritarian district No. 29, becoming the youngest council member. In November 2005, he was elected Secretary of the Vinnytsia City Council and Acting Mayor of Vinnytsia. In March 2006, he won the mayoral election. In the next 2010 election, Groysman was nominated by the political party Conscience of Ukraine and re-elected with substantial support, winning 77.8% of

1700-594: A technical background. In 1986, 89% of Politburo members were engineers. Leaders of the Chinese Communist Party used to be mostly professional engineers. According to surveys of municipal governments of cities with a population of 1 million or more in China , it has been found that over 80% of government personnel had a technical education. Under the five-year plans of the People's Republic of China, projects such as

1785-547: A technocrat if "at the time of their appointment to government, they: have never held public office under the banner of a political party; are not a formal member of any party; and are said to possess recognized non-party political expertise which is directly relevant to the role occupied in government". In Russia, the President of Russia has often nominated ministers based on technical expertise from outside political circles, and these have been referred to as "technocrats". Before

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1870-546: A technocratic government led by Mehdi Jomaa . The article "Technocrats: Minds Like Machines" states that Singapore is perhaps the best advertisement for technocracy: the political and expert components of the governing system there seem to have merged completely. This was underlined in a 1993 article in "Wired" by Sandy Sandfort, where he describes the information technology system of the island even at that early date making it effectively intelligent. Following Samuel Haber, Donald Stabile argues that engineers were faced with

1955-604: A trade blockade with the Donetsk and Luhansk regions, Groysman announced the need to revise the 3% economic growth target. On 25 January 2017, Groysman stated that the Cabinet was working on a four-year development plan for the country from 2017 to 2020. By early 2017, 950 km of roads had been repaired at a cost of UAH 6.3 billion. The civil service reform allowed for the selection of heads of regional and district state administrations, central executive bodies, and ministries based on

2040-562: A vote of no confidence from the Ukrainian parliament . The next day Fatherland left the coalition since it believed that the previous day had shown that the government had turned into a "shadow clan-political coalition" that "doesn't want to carry out reforms". Fatherland would have liked the next government to be a technocratic government . Self Reliance then (also on 17 February 2016) issued an official statement on its Facebook page in which it argued "A cynical coup has occurred in Ukraine, with

2125-629: A vote on his resignation resulting in Yatsenyuk being replaced by new Prime Minister Groysman and his Groysman Government . Under the Constitution of Ukraine the Ukrainian president submits nominations to parliament for the post of Minister of Foreign Affairs and minister of defense . On 2 December 2014, President Petro Poroshenko proposed that the Verkhovna Rada reappoint Pavlo Klimkin and Stepan Poltorak for these posts. The same day Poltorak

2210-514: Is "active counteraction to the Russian information aggression ". Reporters Without Borders firmly opposed the creation of such a ministry, stating "the media should not be regulated by the government". When Radical Party left the coalition on 1 September 2015 Radical Party's Vice Prime Minister Valeriy Voshchevsky tendered in his resignation. On 2 July 2015, the Minister of Ecology Ihor Shevchenko

2295-407: Is an entire government running as a technical or engineering problem and is mostly hypothetical . In more practical use, technocracy is any portion of a bureaucracy run by technologists . A government in which elected officials appoint experts and professionals to administer individual government functions, and recommend legislation, can be considered technocratic. Some uses of the word refer to

2380-485: Is derived from the Greek words τέχνη, tekhne meaning skill and κράτος, kratos meaning power , as in governance , or rule . William Henry Smyth, a California engineer, is usually credited with inventing the word technocracy in 1919 to describe "the rule of the people made effective through the agency of their servants, the scientists and engineers", although the word had been used before on several occasions. Smyth used

2465-598: Is led by an unelected prime minister, such as in the cases of the 2011-2012 Greek government led by economist Lucas Papademos and the Czech Republic's 2009–2010 caretaker government presided over by the state's chief statistician, Jan Fischer . In December 2013, in the framework of the national dialogue facilitated by the Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet , political parties in Tunisia agreed to install

2550-412: Is the hallmark of technocracy. Alexander Bogdanov , a Russian scientist and social theorist, also anticipated a conception of technocratic process. Both Bogdanov's fiction and his political writings, which were highly influential, suggest that he was concerned that a coming revolution against capitalism could lead to a technocratic society. From 1913 until 1922, Bogdanov immersed himself in writing

2635-414: Is the only way to defend the state." On 25 March 2016 Parliamentary Speaker Volodymyr Groysman had been nominated by coalition partner Petro Poroshenko Bloc to replace Yatsenyuk. On 12 April parliament did not held a vote on Yatsenyuk's resignation, because (Yatsenyuk's party) People's Front and Petro Poroshenko Bloc could not agree on the forming of a new government. On 14 April 2016 parliament did hold

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2720-413: The 1973–1975 recession . Gunnel goes on to add three levels of analysis that delineate technology's political influence: In each of the three analytical levels, Gunnell foretells technology's infiltration of political processes and suggests that the entanglement of the two (i.e. technology and politics) will inevitably produce power concentrations around those with advanced technological training, namely

2805-539: The BBC reported that critics considered him an "ally of the president" and a "product of the old order," rather than a leader who would push for necessary changes. At the end of April, the government set a single gas price for households and industrial consumers, which raised the cost for households to UAH 6,900 per 1,000 m³. This decision aimed to establish market prices for gas, with the goal of restoring Ukrainian gas production and achieving gas independence by 2020. During

2890-618: The Eurovision Song Contest 2017 in Kyiv in May 2017. The government's plans included increasing income for Ukrainians, reducing the Pension Fund deficit, and encouraging economic recovery. The IMF praised the budget and expressed willingness to provide Ukraine with the next loan tranche to support ongoing reforms. In Q4 of 2016, Ukraine’s economic growth reached 4.7%. In March 2017, following

2975-692: The MH17 downing (from 17 July 2014), coordinated efforts for internally displaced persons and managed reconstruction in the Donbas region , working with international donors. Groysman was elected to the Verkhovna Rada as a member of the Petro Poroshenko Bloc . On 27 November 2014, he was elected Speaker of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine , and on 15 December 2014, he was appointed to the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine . Groysman initiated

3060-534: The National Trunk Highway System , the China high-speed rail system , and the Three Gorges Dam have been completed. During China's 20th National Congress , a class of technocrats in finance and economics are replaced in favor of high-tech technocrats. In 2013, a European Union library briefing on its legislative structure referred to the Commission as a "technocratic authority", holding

3145-470: The North American population, according to resource availability. There is in common usage found the derivative term technocrat . The word technocrat can refer to someone exercising governmental authority because of their knowledge, "a member of a powerful technical elite", or "someone who advocates the supremacy of technical experts". McDonnell and Valbruzzi define a prime minister or minister as

3230-596: The Petro Poroshenko Bloc list. In 1994, Groysman graduated from Vinnytsia Secondary School No. 35. At 14, he began working as a mechanic at "Shkolyar" (Schoolboy) in 1992. After graduating from school, he became the commercial director of the small private enterprise "OKO" in August 1994, and in November 1994, he assumed the role of commercial director at the Vinnytsia market "Yunist" (Youth). In 1999, he graduated from Vinnytsia Institute of Regional Economy and Management with

3315-557: The Platonic idea of philosopher-kings represents a sort of technocracy in which the state is run by those with specialist knowledge, in this case, knowledge of the Good rather than scientific knowledge. The Platonic claim is that those who best understand goodness should be empowered to lead the state, as they would lead it toward the path of happiness. Whilst knowledge of the Good differs from knowledge of science, rulers are here appointed based on

3400-548: The Radical Party were also involved in negotiations. On 31 October 2014, the Petro Poroshenko Bloc, the People's Front and Self Reliance formed "a joint trilateral group and that we will begin professional talks on our joint work, including on the drafting of a coalition agreement". According to deputy prime minister Volodymyr Groysman of the Petro Poroshenko Bloc his party was open to the possibility of Fatherland and

3485-484: The Technocracy movement . In 1932, Howard Scott and Marion King Hubbert founded Technocracy Incorporated and proposed that money be replaced by energy certificates. The group argued that apolitical, rational engineers should be vested with the authority to guide an economy into a thermodynamically balanced load of production and consumption, thereby doing away with unemployment and debt . The technocracy movement

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3570-462: The "Affordable Medicines" program began, allowing for free or low-cost access to a number of medications, including treatments for cardiovascular disease , type 2 diabetes , and bronchial asthma . On 14 April 2017, marking his first year in office, Groysman highlighted his priorities, including stable economic growth, increased defense spending, decentralization, energy independence, and healthcare, pension, land, and education reforms. On 3 April

3655-512: The "decline in mainstream engagement", imperil the "networked young citizen" to inconspicuous coercion and indoctrination by algorithmic mechanisms, and, less insidiously, to the persuasion of particular candidates based predominantly on "Social Media engagement". In a 2022 article published in Boston Review , political scientist Matthew Cole highlights two problems with technocracy: that it creates "unjust concentrations of power" and relies on

3740-413: The Cabinet finalized its 2020 action plan, consisting of five key points: 1) economic growth; 2) effective governance; 3) human capital development; 4) rule of law and anti-corruption efforts; and 5) security and protection. The government’s plan aimed for a competitive economy and sustainable GDP growth of 4-5% per year, poverty reduction, and continued decentralization. During Groysman's two-year tenure,

3825-493: The Groysman government managed to improve the economic situation in the country. Ukraine's gross domestic product grew by 3.2% over the year. The national currency and prices in the country remained stable, and for the first time since 2014, inflation was kept within 10%. At the end of the year, foreign reserves reached $ 20.8 billion, the highest level in five years. State budget revenues for 2018 amounted to 928.1 billion UAH, which

3910-483: The Legislative Reform Support Plan, which outlined tasks for parliament members for one or two quarters. According to Groysman, the plan’s goal was to establish legislative guidelines for reforms, assign responsibilities for drafting bills, and set time frames for legislative support of reforms. In March 2015, he supported a bill banning Russian television series. During the 2016 government crisis, he

3995-536: The Minister of Finance, Health and Economy. The approval of the composition of the government was marred by some last-minute delay and controversy when a group of deputies demanded that ministers be approved on an individual basis. This caused hours of debate, however, the government was approved in the proposed form by 288 deputies (of the 423). For the candidacy of the prime minister of Ukraine, 341 members of parliament voted for Arseniy Yatsenyuk . Radical Party left

4080-463: The NHSU contracted with hospitals only for primary care – family doctors. As a result, doctors’ and nurses' salaries increased two- to threefold. A complete transition to the new funding model for medical institutions was planned for 2020, when medical reform would be implemented across all levels. Technocratic government List of forms of government Technocracy is a form of government in which

4165-416: The Radical Party joining this coalition. The same day the Petro Poroshenko Bloc stated it supported the candidacy of the People's Front's Arseniy Yatsenyuk (who was Prime Minister at the time) as Prime Minister of Ukraine . On 21 November 2014, Petro Poroshenko Bloc, People's Front, Self Reliance, Fatherland and the Radical Party signed a coalition agreement. On 27 November 2014, at the opening session of

4250-455: The average wage increased by 22.1%, with the dollar equivalent rising from $ 193 to $ 300. Despite the emigration of the workforce, real GDP growth of 2% was achieved. On 3 October 2017, the parliament passed a government pension reform law, increasing pensions for 9 million pensioners by UAH 200-1,000. Following the bill's approval, Groysman explained that the minimum pension, according to the new calculations, would be 1,452 hryvnias. According to

4335-403: The budget as "people-centered," with provisions for major road repairs, support for the agricultural sector, and a 50% salary increase for teachers and a 30% increase for doctors. UAH 6 billion was allocated for medications, and the budget continued decentralization efforts. The budget projected a 3% GDP growth, doubling the minimum wage to UAH 3,200, and allocated nearly UAH 500 million to host

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4420-465: The coalition on 1 September 2015 in protest over a vote in parliament involving a change to the Ukrainian Constitution that would lead to decentralization and greater powers for areas held by pro-Russian separatists . The same day Radical Party's Vice Prime Minister Valeriy Voshchevsky tendered in his resignation. Parliament accepted the resignation on 17 September 2015; after failing to pass

4505-419: The decision-makers are selected based on their expertise in a given area of responsibility, particularly with regard to scientific or technical knowledge. Technocracy follows largely in the tradition of other meritocratic theories and assumes full state control over political and economic issues. This system explicitly contrasts with representative democracy , the notion that elected representatives should be

4590-607: The economic decline and initiate economic recovery, aiming to accelerate this growth. He considered judicial reform to be a key mechanism in combating corruption . On 13 December he announced that the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine had approved a healthcare reform concept and announced pay raises for healthcare workers. On 21 December 2016, the Verkhovna Rada approved the government-proposed 2017 State Budget with 274 votes from five factions: BPP, People’s Front, Lyashko's Radical Party , Revival, and People’s Will. Groysman described

4675-597: The engineer's careful calculations. As a result, the engineer loses control over projects and must continually revise plans. To maintain control over projects, the engineer must attempt to control these outside variables and transform them into constant factors. The American economist and sociologist Thorstein Veblen was an early advocate of technocracy and was involved in the Technical Alliance , as were Howard Scott and M. King Hubbert (the latter of whom later developed

4760-536: The first 100 days of Groysman’s government, there was partial stabilization of the political and economic situation. One of the government's main priorities was road repairs , with a planned increase in road repair funding from UAH 4 billion to UAH 19 billion. In the first 100 days, Groysman met with European Council President Donald Tusk , German Chancellor Angela Merkel , U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry , and other Western political leaders. On 8 June Groysman stated that nearly 54 billion UAH had been allocated to

4845-631: The first time under his administration, Vinnytsia was recognized as the best regional city to live in Ukraine. During his tenure, the city opened diagnostic and perinatal centers, reconstructed the riverside, opened a fountain in Central Park, expanded the Vinnytsia Oil and Fat Plant, and established "Bastion-2009" and the waste recycling company "Ekovin." On 27 February 2014, Groysman was appointed Deputy Prime Minister of Ukraine and Minister of Regional Development, Construction, and Communal Services at

4930-477: The general fund of local budgets over five months, adding that this amount exceeded the figure for the same period by 17 billion UAH. By 9 December he stated that local budgets had increased by 60% (UAH 44 billion) compared to the previous year, and that during the reform period in Ukraine, 184 consolidated territorial communities were established. By 2017, UAH 9 billion was earmarked for decentralization reforms. On 19 October, Groysman claimed he had managed to halt

5015-454: The government did not have a real commitment to fight corruption . Just like Pyvovarsky, Abromavičius was never formally dismissed by parliament. Volodymyr Groysman Volodymyr Borysovych Groysman ( Ukrainian : Володимир Борисович Гройсман ; born 20 January 1978), is a Ukrainian statesman, politician, and businessman. He served as the 16th Prime Minister of Ukraine from 14 April 2016, to 29 August 2019. From 2006 to 2014, he

5100-435: The help of the president, the prime minister, the kleptocratic part of the coalition, and the oligarch bloc" that led to the second Yatsenyuk government being an "illegitimate government". The next day Self Reliance left the coalition; meaning that the coalition became 5 deputies short of the 226 needed. Under Ukrainian law parliament has 30 days to form a new coalition after a Government coalition collapses; if it can not produce

5185-511: The increasing success of their ideas are thought to be a crucial factor behind the modern spread of technology and the largely ideological concept of the " information society ". Technocrats may be distinguished from " econocrats " and " bureaucrats " whose problem-solution mindsets differ from those of the technocrats. The former government of the Soviet Union has been referred to as a technocracy. Soviet leaders like Leonid Brezhnev often had

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5270-545: The invitation of Prime Minister Yatsenyuk . His primary focus was on decentralization and local governance reform, becoming an advocate and architect of the decentralization reform that began on 1 April 2014. He also coordinated reforms of state control agencies. In the summer and fall of 2014, he headed the Government Anti-Crisis Energy Headquarters, the State Commission for investigating

5355-524: The late 1950s and 1960s, which were repaired and came with warranties. Later, free Wi-Fi was installed on these trams. In 2012, he led reforms of the city’s transportation system, reducing the number of minibuses. In 2013, the city purchased 30 buses and 40 trolleybuses, and completed the tram line on Vysenka. In addition to foreign support, local resources were used for city development. Through co-financing, Vinnytsia installed water supply and sewage systems, repaired roads in residential areas, and maintained

5440-609: The law, by the end of 2017, everyone who reached the age of 60 and had paid contributions to the Pension Fund for at least 15 years could retire. Starting from 1 January 2018, for those who reached 65 years of age and had 30–35 years of service, the minimum pension would be set at 40% of the minimum wage established in the state budget law. From January 2018, to retire at 60, one would need at least 25 years of service; in 2019, 26 years; and by 2028, it would require 35 years of service to retire at 60. On 8 October , President Poroshenko signed

5525-403: The motion four times on 15 September 2015. February 2016 saw the start of the fall of the cabinet after economy minister Aivaras Abromavičius announced his resignation claiming the government did not have a real commitment to fight corruption . On 16 February 2016, president Petro Poroshenko asked Prime Minister Yatsenyuk to resign. Also on 16 February 2016 the government managed to survive

5610-463: The new parliament, these 5 parliamentary factions formed a parliamentary coalition of 302 deputies. Following this Arseniy Yatsenyuk was confirmed as prime minister by 341 votes. On 2 December 2014, Ukrainian president Petro Poroshenko granted citizenship to Natalie Jaresko , Alexander Kvitashvili and Aivaras Abromavičius , who were all potential ministers in the government. Later that day Jaresko, Kvitashvili and Abromavičius were confirmed as

5695-451: The number of low-cost airlines , passenger traffic at Ukrainian airports exceeded 20 million passengers per year for the first time. Overall, passenger growth in the aviation sector reached 25-30% annually over the last three years, and the number of routes operated by budget airlines flying to Ukraine increased from 21 in 2016 to 89 in 2018. The government paid significant attention to energy consumption issues. A State Energy Efficiency Fund

5780-484: The participation of unelected experts ('technocrats') in prominent positions. Since the 1990s, Italy has had several such governments (in Italian, governo tecnico ) in times of economic or political crisis, including the formation in which economist Mario Monti presided over a cabinet of unelected professionals . The term 'technocratic' has been applied to governments where a cabinet of elected professional politicians

5865-512: The pension reform law. In September 2018, the government began monetizing subsidies for saved energy resources for consumers of electricity or gas. In October 2018, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine decided on a phased increase in gas prices in three steps (1 November 2018; 1 May 2019; 1 January 2019). According to Volodymyr Groysman, this was done "to repay loans imposed on us by previous governments between 2005 and 2013. Currently, we pay $ 5 billion annually to service this debt." In 2018,

5950-431: The primary decision-makers in government, though it does not necessarily imply eliminating elected representatives. Decision-makers are selected based on specialized knowledge and performance rather than political affiliations, parliamentary skills, or popularity. The term technocracy was initially used to signify the application of the scientific method to solving social problems. In its most extreme form, technocracy

6035-465: The technocrats. Forty years after the publication of Gunnell's writings, technology and government have become, for better or for worse, increasingly intertwined. Facebook can be considered a technocratic microcosm, a "technocratic nation-state" with a cyberspatial population that surpasses any terrestrial nation. In a broader sense, critics fear that the rise of social media networks (e.g. Twitter , YouTube , Instagram , Pinterest ), coupled with

6120-782: The term Technocracy in his 1919 article "'Technocracy'—Ways and Means to Gain Industrial Democracy" in the journal Industrial Management (57). Smyth's usage referred to Industrial democracy : a movement to integrate workers into decision-making through existing firms or revolution. In the 1930s, through the influence of Howard Scott and the technocracy movement he founded, the term technocracy came to mean 'government by technical decision making', using an energy metric of value. Scott proposed that money be replaced by energy certificates denominated in units such as ergs or joules , equivalent in total amount to an appropriate national net energy budget, and then distributed equally among

6205-425: The term technocracy was coined, technocratic or quasi-technocratic ideas involving governance by technical experts were promoted by various individuals, most notably early socialist theorists such as Henri de Saint-Simon . This was expressed by the belief in state ownership over the economy, with the state's function being transformed from pure philosophical rule over men into a scientific administration of things and

6290-402: The theory of peak oil ). Veblen believed technological developments would eventually lead to a socialistic reorganization of economic affairs. Veblen saw socialism as one intermediate phase in an ongoing evolutionary process in society that would be brought about by the natural decay of the business enterprise system and the rise of the engineers. Daniel Bell sees an affinity between Veblen and

6375-566: The vote. As mayor, Groysman implemented a street lighting program, started in 2002, aimed at energy conservation and maximizing city lighting. During his first term, he initiated extensive road repairs on main and secondary streets. In 2006, he regulated unorganized street trade that blocked sidewalks. In December 2006, after signing a Memorandum of Understanding between the governments of Switzerland and Ukraine , Groysman promoted cooperation between Vinnytsia and Zurich . From 2007 to 2011, Vinnytsia received 116 decommissioned Zurich trams from

6460-587: Was 17% higher than in 2017. The budget deficit did not exceed 1.7% against a planned 2.4%. The state and guaranteed debt-to-GDP ratio decreased to 63.2% from 72.3%. Financial decentralization continued. Local budget revenues, excluding inter-budget transfers, amounted to 262 billion UAH compared to 70 billion UAH in 2014. Local communities gained the right to decide where to allocate these funds – on road repairs, construction of schools and hospitals, improvement of administrative services, establishment of new enterprises, etc. Due to visa-free access and an increase in

6545-631: Was appointed Prime Minister of Ukraine , receiving support from 257 deputies of the BPP , People's Front , Revival , and People's Will factions. During his early months as Prime Minister, Groysman was often described by journalists as lacking independence and closely connected to President Petro Poroshenko . However, over time, he began to distance himself from Poroshenko and criticize him. As Prime Minister, he prioritized preparing for large-scale decentralization reform , as well as reforms in healthcare, infrastructure, and transport. Following his appointment,

6630-695: Was briefly popular in the US in the early 1930s during the Great Depression . By the mid-1930s, interest in the movement was declining. Some historians have attributed the decline to the rise of Roosevelt's New Deal . Historian William E. Akin rejects this conclusion. Instead, Akin argues that the movement declined in the mid-1930s due to the technocrats' failure to devise a 'viable political theory for achieving change'. Akin postulates that many technocrats remained vocal, dissatisfied, and often sympathetic to anti-New Deal third-party efforts. Critics have suggested that

6715-570: Was considered a potential candidate for the position of Prime Minister of Ukraine from the ruling faction. In July 2015, Groysman initiated parliamentary reform. Together with Martin Schulz , President of the European Parliament , he signed a Memorandum of Understanding between the Verkhovna Rada and the European Parliament. This document launched a Needs Assessment Mission, led by former European Parliament President Pat Cox , which resulted in

6800-596: Was established, with 1.6 billion UAH allocated from the state budget. International partners also contributed to the Fund. The funds were intended for measures to reduce energy consumption and improve the quality of service delivery. The pace of road and infrastructure construction accelerated. Over the year, 3,800 km of roads were built, the highest figure in 14 years. Electronic land auctions for leasing rights were introduced. The open service provided broad buyer coverage, increased competition, and stimulated price growth. As

6885-478: Was fired by parliament because "[the ministry] doesn't fulfill its basic functions and obligations". During the lifespan of the second Yatsenyuk Government the Cabinet Ministers of agriculture, health and information Oleksiy Pavlenko , Alexander Kvitashvili and Yuriy Stets all announced and later withdrew their resignations. On 11 December 2015 infrastructure minister Andriy Pyvovarsky resigned. Pyvovarsk

6970-530: Was never formally dismissed by parliament. On 4 February 2016 leader of Self Reliance parliamentary faction Oleh Berezyuk stated that Pavlenko no longer represented his party in the second Yatsenyuk Government. When Fatherland left the Yatsenyuk Government on 17 February 2016 its minister Ihor Zhdanov refused to resign and hence was expelled from Fatherland. Economy minister Aivaras Abromavičius announced his resignation on 3 February 2016 claiming

7055-434: Was reappointed as Minister of Defense by 347 People's Deputies of Ukraine and Klimkin as Minister of Foreign Affairs by 351 votes. A few hours later 288 Deputies (of the 423) approved the composition of other ministers in one vote. The Ministry of Information is a new ministry which oversees the information policy related to the 2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine ; according to its Minister Yuriy Stets one of its goals

7140-641: Was replaced by new Prime Minister Volodymyr Groysman and thus the Groysman Government became the next cabinet of Ukraine. The morning after the 26 October 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election the Petro Poroshenko Bloc and the People's Front started negotiations on forming a parliamentary coalition. 226 votes are needed to form a simple majority in the Verkhovna Rada . Late 27 October preliminary results indicated that both parties had won (together) 207 seats. By 30 October 2014 Self Reliance , Fatherland and

7225-545: Was the mayor of Vinnytsia and served as Vice-President of the Association of Ukrainian Cities on Housing and Communal Services (2010–2014). In 2014, he became the Deputy Prime Minister of Ukraine and Minister of Regional Development, Construction, and Communal Services (27 February to 2 December 2014). He was also the 12th Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine (27 November 2014, to 14 April 2016), elected through

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