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18-405: The second Shō family claims Izena Island to be its ancestral home. Born on the small island lying off the northwestern coast of Okinawa Island , its founder Kanemaru traveled to Shuri in 1441, and became a retainer of Prince Shō Taikyū . He was appointed as the treasurer after Shō Taikyū became the king. After a coup d'état in 1469, Kanemaru set aside King Shō Toku 's family and ascended to

36-448: A land in which the samurai was enfeoffed by the king. Because the Shō family members occupied a large portion of high-ranking positions, they often changed their kamei during the course of their career. A nanori , which was given when the person reached adulthood, consisted of two kanji. The first character, called nanori-gashira , was shared by all the male members of a lineage. In other words,

54-555: A longer draw of the arrow, and more powerful shots. He fought in the Siege of Shirakawa-den , along with his father, against the forces of Taira no Kiyomori and Minamoto no Yoshitomo , his brother. The palace was set aflame, and Tametomo was forced to flee. After the Hōgen Rebellion , the Taira cut the sinews of Tametomo's left arm, limiting the use of his bow, and then he was banished to

72-535: A separate entity, with intent to make it work as a broker in the shogunate's failed attempt to establish diplomatic relations with China. After several twists and turns, Ryūkyū's position within the shogunate was finalized in 1634. Ryūkyū, with its kokudaka assessed as 123,700 koku , was recognized as part of the Satsuma Domain, though it was excluded from the omotedaka ( 表高 , lit. "face value of kokudaka ") . In 1635, Satsuma Domain ordered Ryūkyū's rulers to use

90-528: A wishful speculation that Shō En's father might have descended from a former king, Sai On's edition of the Chūzan Seifu (1725) explicitly referred to Gihon as a possible ancestor, connecting the second Shō family to the Minamoto clan through Shunten. Under the modern Japanese naming regulation, a person has only two name components, a family name and a given name. Only the last king Shō Tai and his children chose

108-400: The Hōgen Rebellion of 1156. He was the son of Minamoto no Tameyoshi , and brother to Yukiie and Yoshitomo . Tametomo is known in the epic chronicles as a powerful archer and it is said that he once sunk an entire Taira ship with a single arrow by puncturing its hull below the waterline. It is also added in many legends that his left arm was about 4 inches longer than his right, enabling

126-486: The "given name", not the "house name", effectively indicated the person's lineage. The king's order of 1691, mentioned above, also designated Chō (朝) as the Shō family's nanori-gashira . The character Chō (朝) was chosen to indicate an affinity to Minamoto no Tametomo (源為 朝 ), who by that time had been considered to be the father of Shunten , the legendary king of Chūzan. While the Chūzan Seikan (1650) only presented

144-632: The Chinese-style surname Shō (and accordingly, Chinese-style given names for males). The other members of the family chose the combinations of kamei and nanori . Hence, the king's younger brother is referred to as Nakijin Chōfu, not Shō Hitsu. The second Shō family adopted as its mon or family crest the mitsudomoe, which is otherwise closely associated with the Shinto deity Hachiman and Hachiman shrines in Japan. It

162-666: The Japanese god of war, Hachiman , adopted Hachiman's symbol and led an invasion of Kikai Island in 1467, later building the Asato Hachimangū shrine and taking the divine name of Hachiman-aji in response to his victory. Corroborating this was the discovery of a wooden coffin inscribed with a mitsudomoe and the year 1500 found in the Momojana tombs in Northern Okinawa. Izena Island Too Many Requests If you report this error to

180-490: The Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below. Request from 172.68.168.132 via cp1112 cp1112, Varnish XID 392862871 Upstream caches: cp1112 int Error: 429, Too Many Requests at Fri, 29 Nov 2024 05:41:36 GMT Minamoto no Tametomo Minamoto no Tametomo ( 源 為朝 , 1139 – April 23, 1170) , also known as Chinzei Hachirō Tametomo ( 鎮西 八郎 為朝 ) , was a samurai who fought in

198-676: The diplomatic letter to China, concealing its vassalage to Satsuma. In 1712, Satsuma changed the policy and allowed the ruler to style himself King of Chūzan . In 1872, the Meiji government recognized the Ryūkyū Kingdom as a han and renamed it Ryūkyū Domain ( 琉球藩 , Ryūkyū-han ) , Shō Tai was appointed as Domain King ( 藩王 , han'ō ) . In 1879, the Meiji government abolished the Ryūkyū Domain, and

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216-554: The island of Ōshima in the Izu Islands . Tametomo eventually killed himself by slicing his abdomen, or committing seppuku . He is quite possibly the first warrior to commit seppuku in the chronicles. During the Edo period, a descendant of Tametomo named Kitō Heinai ( 鬼頭 兵内 ) was involved in the 1754 Hōreki River incident . He is the focus on Takizawa Bakin ’s novel Chinsetsu yumiharizuki  [ ja ] (Strange Tales of

234-504: The king ordered all the cadet branches to assume the surname Shō (向), no matter how distant they were from the king. This new surname was pronounced the same as the king's one but had a different kanji with fewer strokes (an example of a Naming taboo ). In Ryūkyū's administrative documents and in relation to Satsuma, the Shō family's male members except the king used Japanese-style names, which consisted of kamei (house name), ikai (rank), and nanori (given name). A kamei referred to

252-427: The last king Shō Tai abdicated. After the establishment of Japanese peerage, the last kind Shō Tai was given the rank of marquess. Shō Tai's three close relatives were given the rank of baron. The son of the last regent Ie Chōchoku , who was from a cadet branch of the Shō family, was also given the rank of baron. The Chinese-style surname ( sei ) was used for diplomatic relations with China. The second Shō family took

270-431: The surname Shō from the first Shō family only to disguise the coup d'état as a normal succession. Domestically, direct references to the king's personal name were avoided because they were considered rude. The royal surname was managed in a rather Japanese-like manner. With some exceptions, only the immediate family members of the king were allowed to take the surname Shō (尚). Cadet branches used different surnames. In 1691,

288-552: The throne. Assuming the family name of Shō, he pretended to be the crown prince of Shō Toku , which resulted in his reign being accepted by the Ming dynasty in 1471. The kingdom reached its peak during the reign of the third king Shō Shin . With the approval of the Tokugawa shogunate , the Satsuma Domain conquered Ryūkyū in 1609. The Tokugawa shogunate decided to keep the small polity as

306-452: The title of kokushi ( 国司 , lit. "provincial governor") instead of "king". After that, the Ryukyuan ruler signed "Ryūkyū kokushi " in the diplomatic letter to Japan. However, the rulers during this period were referred to "kings" ( 王 , ō ) in their Ishizushi  [ ja ] ( 石厨子 ) inscriptions in the family mausoleum Tamaudun . The title King of Chūzan was also remained in

324-577: Was called hidari gomon ( 左御紋 ) in Okinawa. Since it was the royal family's crest, its usage was once severely restricted in Okinawa. Because of this, Okinawans who visited Japan shortly after the annexation of the kingdom were surprised that mitsudomoe banners were flown everywhere. The adoption of the Hidari Gomon is attested to the last ruler of Okinawa's First Shō Dynasty, King Shō Toku . The King, possibly inspired by Japanese pirates who worshipped

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