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84-462: Sean Justin Penn (born August 17, 1960) is an American actor and film director. He is known for his intense leading man roles in film. Over his career, he has earned numerous accolades including two Academy Awards , a Golden Globe Award , and a Screen Actors Guild Award , as well as nominations for three BAFTA Film Awards . Penn received an Honorary César in 2015. Penn made his feature film debut in

168-503: A CIA agent by Bush advisor Scooter Libby in retaliation for an article Wilson wrote debunking Bush's claim that Iraq was building a nuclear bomb as a rationale for invading the country. The film is based upon Plame's 2007 memoir Fair Game: My Life as a Spy, My Betrayal by the White House . Penn reunited with Terrence Malick drama The Tree of Life (2011), which won the Palme d'Or at

252-500: A TV special , a few films from the studio have added theatrical shorts as well. Warner Bros. often includes old shorts from its considerable library, connected only thematically, on the DVD releases of classic WB movies. From 2010–2012, Warner Bros. also released new Looney Tunes shorts before family films. Shorts International and Magnolia Pictures organize an annual release of Academy Award -nominated short films in theatres across

336-419: A communist . On January 9, 2016, a day after Mexican officials announced the capture of fugitive Sinaloa Cartel boss Joaquín "El Chapo" Guzmán in a militarized raid, Rolling Stone reported that Penn and actress Kate del Castillo had conducted a secret interview with El Chapo prior to his arrest. Del Castillo was contacted by Guzmán's lawyer, who was then under CISEN surveillance, to discuss producing

420-480: A low budget or no budget at all. They are usually funded by one or more film grants, nonprofit organizations , sponsors , or personal funds. Short films are generally used for industry experience and as a platform to showcase talent to secure funding for future projects from private investors, a production company , or film studios . They can also be released with feature films, and can also be included as bonus features on some home video releases. All films in

504-809: A $ 56,000 advertisement in The Washington Post , publicly asking then President George W. Bush to end military hostilities in Iraq and elsewhere. The advertisement was written as an open letter and referred to the planned attack on Iraq and the War on terror . In the letter, Penn also criticized the Bush administration for its "deconstruction of civil liberties " and its "simplistic and inflammatory view of good and evil." Penn visited Iraq briefly in December 2002. The criticism drew praise from Penn's ex-wife Madonna , who said, "Sean

588-661: A 1974 episode of the Little House on the Prairie television series as an extra when his father, Leo, directed some of the episodes. Penn launched his film career with the action-drama Taps (1981), where he played a military high school cadet. That same year he made his Broadway debut in the Kevin Heelan play Heartland at the Century Theatre . A year later, he appeared in the hit comedy Fast Times at Ridgemont High (1982), in

672-641: A Nation . By the 1920s, a ticket purchased a varied program including a feature and several supporting works from categories such as second feature , short comedy, 4–10 minute cartoon, travelogue , and newsreel. Short comedies were especially common, and typically came in a serial or series (such as the Our Gang movies, or the many outings of Charlie Chaplin 's Little Tramp character). Animated cartoons came principally as short subjects. Virtually all major film production companies had units assigned to develop and produce shorts, and many companies, especially in

756-479: A biographical film about Guzmán, and communication between the two increased following Guzmán's escape from a Mexican prison in July 2015. The deal for the interview was brokered by del Castillo. Leading man A leading actor , leading actress , or leading man or lady or simply lead ( / ˈ l iː d / ), plays the role of the protagonist of a film, television show or play. The word lead may also refer to

840-471: A commercial category. The year 1938 proved to be a turning point in the history of film comedies. Hal Roach , for example, had discontinued all short-subject production except Our Gang , which he finally sold to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer in 1938. The Vitaphone studio, owned by Warner Bros. , discontinued its own line of two-reel comedies in 1938; Educational Pictures did as much that same year, owing to its president Earle W. Hammons unsuccessfully entering

924-603: A couple. In 2016, Penn began a relationship with Australian actress Leila George , daughter of actors Vincent D'Onofrio and Greta Scacchi . They married on July 30, 2020. George filed for divorce on October 15, 2021. Their divorce was finalized on April 22, 2022. In June 2023, Penn began a relationship with Ukrainian Olga Korotyayeva. In October 1985, Penn pled no contest to charges that he assaulted two journalists when they tried to photograph him and Madonna in Nashville in June 1985. He

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1008-740: A court dismissal of their divorce case. In April 2009, Penn filed for legal separation, only to withdraw the case once again when the couple reconciled in May. On August 12, 2009, Wright filed for divorce again. The couple's divorce was finalized on July 22, 2010; the couple reached a private agreement on child and spousal support, division of assets, and custody of Hopper, who was almost 17 at the time. In December 2013, Penn began dating South African actress Charlize Theron . Their relationship ended in June 2015. Despite reports that they were engaged, Theron stated that they were never engaged. Theron starred in Penn's film The Last Face (2016), which they filmed while still

1092-549: A friendship; when Chávez died in 2013, Penn said: "Venezuela and its revolution will endure under the proven leadership of Vice President Nicolás Maduro . Today the United States lost a friend it never knew it had. And poor people around the world lost a champion. I lost a friend I was blessed to have." Penn's friendship with Chávez and his praise for Cuban dictator Raúl Castro have been criticized by human rights activist Thor Halvorssen and media, including The New York Times ,

1176-500: A large supporting role may be considered a secondary lead . Award nominations for acting often reflect such ambiguities. Therefore, sometimes two actors in the same performance piece are nominated Oscars for Best Actor or Best Actress —categories traditionally reserved for leads. For example, in 1935 Clark Gable , Charles Laughton and Franchot Tone were each nominated for the Best Actor Academy Award for Mutiny on

1260-862: A lot of, I think, cowardly genes that lead to people surrendering their jeans and putting on a skirt." Penn gained significant attention in Pakistan media when he visited Karachi and Badin in 2012. On March 23, 2012, accompanied by U.S. Consul General William J. Martin, Penn visited flood-stricken villages in Karim Bux Jamali, Dargah Shah Gurio, and Peero Lashari in the Badin District, where he distributed blankets, quilts, kitchen items, and other goods to flood survivors. On March 24, 2012, during his visit to Pakistan, Penn visited Bilquis Edhi Female Child Home and met Pakistani humanitarian worker Abdul Sattar Edhi and his wife Bilquis Edhi and laid floral wreaths at

1344-680: A nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actor . The following year he acted in Nick Cassavetes directed romantic drama She's So Lovely (1997) opposite his then-wife Robin Wright Penn . Lisa Schwarzbaum of Entertainment Weekly compared the film to the works of John Cassavetes and wrote that Penn's performance "is so full of heart and talent". Penn won the Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actor . That same year he acted in

1428-440: A regular series in 1946 and lasted until 1956. By and large, however, the movies' one-reel subject of choice was the animated cartoon, produced by Walt Disney , Warner Bros. , MGM, Paramount , Walter Lantz , Columbia, and Terrytoons . One of the movies' oldest short-subject formats was the adventure serial , first established in 1912. A serial generally ran for 12 to 15 chapters, 15 to 20 minutes each. Every episode ended with

1512-449: A short along with each of its feature films during its initial theatrical run since 1995 (producing shorts permanently since 2001). Since Disney acquired Pixar in 2006, Disney has also produced animated shorts since 2007 with the Goofy short How to Hook Up Your Home Theater and produced a series of live-action ones featuring The Muppets for viewing on YouTube as viral videos to promote

1596-417: A sudden he's some f—in' demon." In response, Penn launched a $ 10 million defamation suit against Daniels, alleging that he had never been arrested for or charged with domestic violence. Penn dropped the lawsuit in May 2016 after Daniels retracted his statement and apologized. Penn has been outspoken in supporting numerous political and social causes. On December 13–16, 2002, he visited Iraq to protest against

1680-591: A writer will "dominate my creative energies for the foreseeable future". In 2018 Penn starred in his first leading role in a television series portraying Tom Hagerty, an astronaut chosen to be one of the first people to visit Mars in the Hulu science fiction drama series The First created by Beau Willimon . Daniel Fienberg of The Hollywood Reporter wrote of his performance, "You can quickly see why Penn gravitated toward this as his series debut. His physical transformation and high-intensity confrontations...are showy, but

1764-636: Is a good time for those who voted for the ban against gay marriage to sit and reflect and anticipate their great shame and the shame in their grandchildren's eyes if they continue that way of support. We've got to have equal rights for everyone!" In 2022, Penn expressed his position on masculinity, saying, "I am in the club that believes that men in American culture have become wildly feminised...I don't think that [in order] to be fair to women, we should become them." He later told The Independent that "I think that men have, in my view, become quite feminised...There are

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1848-643: Is immaculate. Penn is in top form as the reformed hood whose basic instincts overtake him." Penn received widespread acclaim for his performance earning numerous accolades including the Academy Award , Critics' Choice Movie Award , and Golden Globe Award for Best Actor as well as nominations for the BAFTA Award and Screen Actors Guild Award . That same year he acted in Alejandro González Iñárritu 's psychological thriller 21 Grams opposite Naomi Watts and Benicio del Toro . For his performance he

1932-488: Is most heinous in the profession." Penn was he was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture . He also directed the indie thriller The Crossing Guard (1995) starring Jack Nicholson . Janet Maslin of The New York Times wrote, "Penn is a slugger of a film maker, whether pummeling his audience with the obvious or hammering home the heartfelt and true. His second feature...has

2016-636: Is musician Michael Penn . His younger brother, actor Chris Penn , died in 2006. His father was Jewish whose parents were emigrants from Merkinė in Lithuania , and his mother was a Catholic of Irish and Italian descent. Penn was raised in a secular home in Malibu, California , and attended Malibu Park Junior High School and Santa Monica High School . He began making short films with some of his childhood friends including actors Emilio Estevez and Charlie Sheen , who lived near his home. Penn appeared in

2100-454: Is often but not necessarily the lead. A lead role must also be differentiated from a starring role , which means that an actor is credited as a part of the main cast but not that they necessarily play the main character. This drama-related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article related to film or motion picture terminology is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Short film In

2184-454: Is one of the few. Good for him. Most celebrities are keeping their heads down. Nobody wants to be unpopular. But then Americans, by and large, are pretty ignorant of what's going on in the world." The Post advertisement was cited as a primary reason for the development of his relationship with Venezuelan president Hugo Chávez . In one of his televised speeches, Chávez used and read aloud an open letter Penn wrote to Bush. The letter condemned

2268-845: The Curb Your Enthusiasm season 10 episode "The Spite Store". In 2021, Penn portrayed Jack Holden, an actor based on William Holden , in the Paul Thomas Anderson directed coming of age comedy-drama Licorice Pizza . Penn returned to television starring in the Starz political thriller limited series Gaslit (2022) portraying John N. Mitchell opposite Julia Roberts as Martha Mitchell . The role required transformational prosthetics. Ben Travers of IndieWire wrote of his performance, "Penn manages to bring life to his makeup-constructed character" adding "Even his manner of speech, spitting curse words while clenching his wooden pipe, befits

2352-576: The Los Angeles Times , The New Criterion , and The Advocate , each of which alleged that Castro and Chávez's strong anti- LGBT stances clashed with Penn's support for LGBT groups. Actress María Conchita Alonso , who co-starred with Penn in Colors , also issued an "Open Letter to Sean Penn", attacking his views on Chávez. In December 2011, Alonso and Penn began verbally fighting at an airport, during which Penn called her "a pig" and Alonso called Penn

2436-513: The 2011 Cannes Film Festival . That same year he starred in the Paolo Sorrentino directed comedy-drama This Must Be the Place (2011) opposite Frances McDormand . In the film Penn plays Cheyenne, a former rock star . The film received positive reviews with Todd McCarthy of The Hollywood Reporter wrote that "Penn dominates the film, of course, although it’s a performance that slithers between

2520-401: The 2011 movie of the same name . In 2009 the horror short film, No Through Road, that would go viral was released, creating analog horror. The short film would spark 3 sequels, creating No Through Road (web series) DreamWorks Animation often produces a short sequel to include in the special edition video releases of major features, and are typical of a sufficient length to be broadcast as

2604-749: The Bush administration's apparent plans for a military strike on Iraq. On June 10, 2005, Penn visited Iran , where, acting as a journalist on an assignment for the San Francisco Chronicle , he attended a Friday prayer at Tehran University . On January 7, 2006, Penn was a special guest at the Progressive Democrats of America , where he was joined by author and media critic Norman Solomon and activist Cindy Sheehan at their "Out of Iraq Forum" in Sacramento, California , organized to support and promote

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2688-609: The George W. Bush administration , his contact with the presidents of Cuba and Venezuela, and his humanitarian work in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina in 2005 and the 2010 Haiti earthquake , as well as his support for Ukraine President Volodymyr Zelenskyy amidst the Russian-Ukrainian War . Penn was born in Santa Monica, California , to actor and director Leo Penn and actress Eileen Ryan ( née Annucci). His older brother

2772-545: The Iraq War , called for Bush to be impeached , and also called then U.S. Vice President Dick Cheney and U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice "villainously and criminally obscene people." On April 19, 2007, Penn appeared on The Colbert Report and had a "Meta-Free-Phor-All" versus Stephen Colbert that was judged by Robert Pinsky following Penn's criticisms of Bush. In the appearance, Penn said, "We cower as you point your fingers telling us to support our troops. You and

2856-495: The Oliver Stone directed neo-noir crime drama U Turn , and David Fincher 's mystery thriller The Game . In 1997, he starred in the independent drama Hurlyburly based off the 1984 play of the same name by David Rabe . Peter Bradshaw of The Guardian wrote, "Sean Penn ends up dominating the film, sweating anxiety and rage from every pore. His charisma and screen presence are undeniable". For his performance he won

2940-585: The Playhouse Theatre . Penn played Andrew Daulton Lee in the film The Falcon and the Snowman (1985), which closely followed an actual criminal case. Lee was a former drug dealer, convicted of espionage for the Soviet Union and originally sentenced to life in prison, but was paroled in 1998. Penn later hired Lee as his personal assistant, partly because he wanted to reward Lee for allowing him to play Lee in

3024-478: The Syrian civil war , Penn stood beside Venezuelan president Hugo Chávez as Venezuela supported the government of Syria, led by Bashar al-Assad . In March 2010, Penn called for the imprisonment of journalists who referred to Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez as a dictator. Penn's was criticized by conservative and libertarian media sources, including National Review and Reason . Penn and Chávez maintained

3108-819: The Volpi Cup for Best Actor at the Venice International Film Festival . That same year he had a leading role in the Terrence Malick epic about the World War II battle for Guadalcanal in The Thin Red Line (1998) based off the 1962 novel of the same name by James Jones . The following year he portrayed an egotisitcal jazz guitarist in the Woody Allen film Sweet and Lowdown (1999). Roger Ebert described Penn's performances as "master classes in

3192-614: The eighth season . That same year he portrayed a mentally handicapped father in the family drama I am Sam (2001). His performance led him to his third nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actor . In 2003, he starred in the Clint Eastwood directed Boston crime drama Mystic River portraying a grieving father looking for his daughter. Penn acted alongside Tim Robbins , Laura Linney , Marcia Gay Harden , and Kevin Bacon . Film critic Todd McCarthy of Variety wrote, "[The] Casting

3276-668: The gas chamber . In May 2010, Penn pleaded no contest to a misdemeanor charge stemming from an altercation with photographer Frank Mateljan in October 2009. He was sentenced to perform 300 hours of community service and undergo 36 hours of anger management counseling. In an interview published September 16, 2015, director and showrunner Lee Daniels responded to criticism about Terrence Howard 's continued career in light of his domestic violence issues by referencing Penn's rumored history of domestic violence, saying: "[Terrence] ain't done nothing different than Marlon Brando or Sean Penn, and all of

3360-414: The neo-noir State of Grace opposite Ed Harris and Gary Oldman . The following year, Penn made his directorial debut with The Indian Runner (1991), a crime drama film based on Bruce Springsteen 's song " Highway Patrolman ", from the 1982 album Nebraska . Janet Maslin of The New York Times wrote, "Flirting constantly with the dangers of pure self-indulgence, Mr. Penn still manages to keep

3444-481: The silent and very early sound era, produced mostly or only short subjects. In the 1930s, the distribution system changed in many countries, owing to the Great Depression . Instead of the cinema owner assembling a program of their own choice, the studios sold a package centered on a main and supporting feature, a cartoon and little else. With the rise of the double feature , two- reel shorts went into decline as

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3528-507: The 1960s before exiting the short film business in 1969 (by which point the shorts had been in televised reruns for years ). MGM continued Tom and Jerry (first with a series of poorly-received Eastern European shorts by Gene Deitch , then a better-received run by Warner Bros. alumnus Chuck Jones ) until 1967, and Woody Woodpecker lasted to 1972; the creative team behind MGM's 1940s and 1950s cartoons formed Hanna-Barbera Productions in 1957, mainly focusing on television. The Pink Panther

3612-724: The Bounty . There can even be controversy over whether a particular performance should be nominated in the Best Actor/Actress or Best Supporting Actor/Best Supporting Actress category; for instance, The Godfather 's Al Pacino boycotted the 45th Academy Awards ceremony since he was insulted at being nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor award; he noted that he had more screen time than his co-star and Best Actor winner Marlon Brando and so he should have received an Academy Award nomination for Best Actor. A title role

3696-628: The King's Men (2006). The film was a critical and commercial failure, named by a 2010 Forbes article as the biggest flop in the last five years. During this time he directed the mystery film The Pledge (2001) and Peter Gabriel 's "The Barry Williams Show" (2002). Penn gained acclaim for directing the biographical drama survival film Into the Wild (2007). Owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly praised wrote, "Penn has written and directed with magnificent precision and imaginative grace". For his direction he

3780-717: The Levees Broke: A Requiem in Four Acts (2006). After the 2010 Haiti earthquake , Penn founded the J/P Haitian Relief Organization , which operated a 55,000 person tent camp. Prior to founding the organization, Penn acknowledged he had never visited Haiti and did not speak French or Creole . When asked about critics who questioned his experience on Haiti, he said he hopes they "die screaming of rectal cancer ". On January 31, 2012, due largely to his visibility as an on-the-ground advocate for rescue and aid efforts in

3864-532: The US, UK, Canada and Mexico throughout February and March. Shorts are occasionally broadcast as filler when a feature film or other work does not fit the standard broadcast schedule. ShortsTV was the first television channel dedicated to short films. However, short films generally rely on film festival exhibition to reach an audience. Such movies can also be distributed via the Internet . Certain websites which encourage

3948-540: The United States, short films were generally termed short subjects from the 1920s into the 1970s when confined to two 35 mm reels or less, and featurettes for a film of three or four reels. " Short " was an abbreviation for either term. The increasingly rare industry term "short subject" carries more of an assumption that the film is shown as part of a presentation along with a feature film. Short films are often screened at local, national, or international film festivals and made by independent filmmakers with either

4032-522: The aftermath, Penn was designated by then Haitian president Michel Martelly as Ambassador-at-Large for Haiti, the first time a non-Haitian citizen has held the position in the country's history. Also in 2012, at the 12th World Summit of Nobel Peace Laureates, Penn was recognized with the Peace Summit Award. On February 22, 2009, Penn received the Academy Award for Best Actor for the film Milk . In his acceptance speech, he said: "I think that it

4116-748: The anti- Iraq War movement. On December 18, 2006, Penn received the Christopher Reeve First Amendment Award from the Creative Coalition for his commitment to free speech . In August 2008, Penn attended one of Ralph Nader 's "Open the Debates" super rallies, protesting against Nader and other third-party candidates's exclusion. In October 2008, Penn visited Cuba , where he met with and interviewed then Cuban president Raúl Castro . In 2021, Penn denounced cancel culture , describing it as "ludicrous". On October 18, 2002, Penn placed

4200-619: The art of character development". For his performance he was nominated for his second Academy Award for Best Actor . In 2000, Penn acted in Julian Schnabel 's drama Before Night Falls opposite Javier Bardem and Kathryn Bigelow 's thriller The Weight of Water with Elizabeth Hurley . The following year he guest starred on the NBC sitcom Friends portraying Eric, a man who was engaged to Phoebe Buffay 's sister Ursula, both of whom are played by Lisa Kudrow . He appeared in two episodes in

4284-452: The beginning of cinema were very short , sometimes running only a minute or less. It was not until the 1910s when films started to get longer than about ten minutes. The first set of films were presented in 1894 and it was through Thomas Edison 's device called a kinetoscope . It was made for individual viewing only. Comedy short films were produced in large numbers compared to lengthy features such as D. W. Griffith 's 1915 The Birth of

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4368-643: The boil of a man that John Mitchell becomes". For his performance he was nominated for the Hollywood Critics Association Award for Best Actor in a Limited or Anthology Series . In 2023 Penn directed his first documentary film, Superpower , profiling the President of Ukraine Volodymyr Zelenskyy which premiered at the Berlin International Film Festival . The film follows Penn as he travels to Ukraine to meet with Zelenskyy,

4452-531: The charge. In April 1987, Penn violated probation and was arrested for punching a film extra, Jeffrey Klein, on set of the movie Colors . Penn was sentenced to 60 days in jail for this assault and reckless driving in June 1987, of which he served 33 days. According to Penn himself, he was incarcerated in the same jail holding Richard Ramirez , a serial killer awaiting trial. Ramirez wrote to Penn, to which Penn wrote back saying he had no kinship for his fellow inmate and hopes Ramirez receives capital punishment via

4536-589: The country's 2010 earthquake and Hurricane Matthew and administered free COVID-19 diagnostic tests in the U.S. during the COVID-19 pandemic . In October 2021, the National Labor Relations Board filed a complaint that Penn and CORE violated U.S. federal labor law, contending that Penn "impliedly threatened" his employees with reprisals after they complained about working conditions, which allegedly included 18-hour work days. In February 2012, during

4620-588: The crime drama The Indian Runner (1991), followed by the films The Crossing Guard (1995), The Pledge (2001), and Into the Wild (2007). On stage, he acted in the Broadway plays Heartland (1981) and Slab Boys (1983). On television, he portrayed an astronaut in the Hulu drama series The First (2018) and John N. Mitchell in the Starz political thriller miniseries Gaslight (2022). In addition to his film work, Penn has also engaged in political and social activism. This includes his criticism of

4704-1051: The drama Taps (1981), before taking roles in Fast Times at Ridgemont High (1982), Bad Boys (1983), and At Close Range (1986). He later won the Academy Award for Best Actor twice for playing a grieving father in Mystic River (2003) and Harvey Milk in Milk (2008). He was Oscar-nominated for his roles in Dead Man Walking (1995), Sweet and Lowdown (1999) and I Am Sam (2001). Penn's other credits include Casualties of War (1989), State of Grace (1990), Carlito's Way (1993), She's So Lovely (1997), The Game (1997), The Thin Red Line (1998), Hurlyburly (1998), 21 Grams (2003), Fair Game (2010), The Tree of Life (2011), Licorice Pizza (2021), and Daddio (2023). Penn made his directorial film debut with

4788-406: The feature-film field. With these major comedy producers out of the running, Columbia Pictures actually expanded its own operations and launched a second two-reel-comedy unit in 1938. Columbia and RKO Radio Pictures kept making two-reel comedies into the 1950s. Theater managers found it easier and more convenient to fit shorter, one-reel (10-minute) subjects into their double-feature programs. In

4872-432: The film; Penn was also a firm believer in rehabilitation and thought Lee should be successfully reintegrated into society, since he was a free man again. Penn starred in the drama At Close Range (1986) which received critical acclaim. He stopped acting for a few years in the early 1990s, having been dissatisfied with the industry, and focused on making his directing debut. In 1990, Penn portrayed Detective Terry Noonan in

4956-461: The genuine and the stunt-like". In 2015, Penn starred in The Gunman , a French-American action thriller based on the novel The Prone Gunman , by Jean-Patrick Manchette . Jasmine Trinca , Idris Elba , Ray Winstone , Mark Rylance , and fellow Oscar-winner Javier Bardem appear in supporting roles. In The Gunman , Penn played Jim Terrier, a sniper on a mercenary assassination team who kills

5040-519: The hero or heroine trapped in a life-threatening situation; audiences would have to return the following week to see the outcome. These "chapter plays" remained popular through the 1950s, although both Columbia and Republic Pictures were now making them as cheaply as possible, reusing action highlights from older serials and connecting them with a few new scenes showing identically dressed actors. Even after Republic quit making serials in 1955 and Columbia stopped in 1956, faithful audiences supported them and

5124-810: The improvisatory quality of this painful family drama from becoming overwhelming. For all its hazy excesses, the film seldom loses sight of its story's raw essence." He also directed music videos, such as Shania Twain 's " Dance with the One That Brought You " (1993), Lyle Lovett 's "North Dakota" (1993). After a brief hiatus from acting, he returned to star in the Brian De Palma crime drama Carlito's Way (1993) acting opposite Al Pacino . Film critic Leonard Klady of Variety wrote of his performance, "Penn reminds viewers of what they’ve been missing in his performance as Carlito’s ambitious, amoral lawyer. Without stooping to caricature, he effortlessly captures what

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5208-403: The largest role in the piece, and leading actor may refer to a person who typically plays such parts or an actor with a respected body of work. Some actors are typecast as leads, but most play the lead in some performances and supporting or character roles in others. Sometimes there is more than one significant leading role in a dramatic piece, and the actors are said to play co-leads ;

5292-461: The liner notes as "the coolest guy in the universe". Their marriage was marred by Penn's violent outbursts against the press. Madonna filed for divorce in December 1987, but withdrew the papers two weeks later. In January 1989, Madonna filed for divorce again and reportedly withdrew an assault complaint against Penn following an incident at their Malibu, California , home during the New Year weekend. Penn

5376-448: The live-action field, humorist Robert Benchley had been making short comedies since the dawn of sound; his various series for Fox, Vitaphone, MGM, and Paramount ran from 1928 to 1944. MGM's Pete Smith Specialties had been a standard "added attraction" in moviehouse programming since 1935 and lasted through 1955. RKO's Flicker Flashbacks revivals of silent films ran from 1943 to 1956, and Warner Bros. ' Joe McDoakes comedies became

5460-521: The minister of mines of the Congo . During this time Penn directed the drama film The Last Face (2016) starring Charlize Theron and Javier Bardem and the crime/drama film Flag Day (2021) with Dylan Penn and Josh Brolin . In March 2018, Atria Books published Penn's novel Bob Honey Who Just Do Stuff . After the book's release, Penn went on a highly publicized press tour. He claimed that he no longer had "a generic interest in making films", and being

5544-513: The role of surfer-stoner Jeff Spicoli; his character helped popularize the word "dude" in popular culture. Next, Penn appeared as Mick O'Brien, a troubled youth, in the drama Bad Boys (1983). The role earned Penn favorable reviews and jump-started his career as a serious actor. He returned to Broadway that same year acting in the John Byrne play Slab Boys acting alongside Kevin Bacon , Val Kilmer , Jackie Earl Haley , and Madeleine Potter at

5628-505: The same brute force that made his Indian Runner such a gripping oddity, bearing the distinctive stamp of Mr. Penn's raw, searching style". That same year he acting alongside Susan Sarandon starring in the Tim Robbins directed crime drama playing a racist murderer on death row in Dead Man Walking (1995). Critic Roger Ebert wrote "Penn proves again that he is the most powerful actor of his generation". For his performance he received

5712-484: The shrine of Abdullah Shah Ghazi in honor of him. Penn is also believed to have played a role in securing the release of American entrepreneur Jacob Ostreicher from a Bolivian prison in 2013, and was credited by Ostreicher for having personally nursed him back to health after his release. Penn is the founder of the nonprofit organization Community Organized Relief Effort (CORE) , which distributed aid in Haiti following

5796-402: The slowly unfolding role also lets him play quiet moments, and even light ones" adding, "It’s funny that I’m always surprised by how game Penn is to be a goofball. The guy who starred in Fast Times at Ridgemont High is still in there somewhere." The series received positive reviews but on January 18, 2019, Hulu canceled the series after one season. In 2020 Penn played himself in a cameo role in

5880-456: The smarmy pundits in your pocket– those who bathe in the moisture of your soiled and blood-soaked underwear–can take that noise and shove it." He won the contest with 10,000,000 points to Colbert's 1. On December 7, 2007, Penn said he supported Ohio Congressman Dennis J. Kucinich in the 2008 U.S. presidential election , and again criticized Bush's handling of the Iraq War. Penn questioned whether Bush's daughters, Jenna and Barbara , supported

5964-447: The soldiers and observe firsthand how the Russo-Ukrainian War is being waged. Penn starred as a cab driver in Christy Hall's directorial debut Daddio (2023) acting opposite Dakota Johnson . Film critic Todd McCarthy of Deadline Hollywood wrote, "Sean Penn is at his absolute best here in a tremendously engaging performance as a salty working-class guy with an endless supply of opinions and ways of drawing out his passengers". Penn

6048-421: The studios re-released older serials through the mid-1960s. The 1964 revival of Columbia's Batman serial resulted in a media frenzy, spurring a new Batman TV series and a wave of Batman merchandise. With the rise of television , the commercial live-action short was virtually dead; most studios canceled their live-action series in 1956. Only The Three Stooges continued making two-reel comedies; their last

6132-904: The submission of user-created short films, such as YouTube and Vimeo , have attracted large communities of artists and viewers. Sites like Omeleto, FILMSshort, Short of the Week, Short Films Matter, Short Central and some apps showcase curated shorts. Short films are a typical first stage for new filmmakers, but professional actors and crews often still choose to create short films as an alternative form of expression. Amateur filmmaking has grown in popularity as equipment has become more accessible. The lower production costs of short films often mean that short films can cover alternative subject matter as compared to higher budget feature films. Similarly, unconventional filmmaking techniques such as Pixilation or narratives that are told without dialogue, are more often seen in short films than features. Tropfest claims to be

6216-487: The war in Iraq. In September 2005, Penn traveled to New Orleans , to aid Hurricane Katrina victims. He was physically involved in rescuing people, although there was criticism that his involvement was a PR stunt as he hired a photographer to come along with his entourage. Penn denied such accusations in an article he wrote for HuffPost . Director Spike Lee interviewed Penn for Lee's documentary about Hurricane Katrina, When

6300-463: The world's largest short film festival. Tropfest now takes place in Australia (its birthplace), Arabia, the US and elsewhere. Originating in 1993, Tropfest is often credited as being at least partially responsible for the recent popularity of short films internationally. Also Couch Fest Films , part of Shnit Worldwide Filmfestival, claimed to be the world's largest single-day short film festival. Among

6384-451: Was alleged to have struck Madonna on multiple occasions during their marriage in the book Madonna Unauthorized. Madonna denied the allegations stating they were "completely outrageous, malicious, reckless, and false" in 2015. In 1989, Penn began dating actress Robin Wright , and their first child, a daughter named Dylan Frances , was born April 13, 1991. Their second child, son Hopper Jack ,

6468-449: Was born August 6, 1993. Penn and Wright separated in 1995, during which time he developed a relationship with Jewel , after he spotted her performing on Late Night with Conan O'Brien . He invited her to compose a song for his film The Crossing Guard (1995) and followed her on tour. Penn reconciled with Wright and they married on April 27, 1996. The couple filed for divorce in December 2007 but reconciled several months later, requesting

6552-657: Was engaged to actress Elizabeth McGovern , his co-star in Racing with the Moon (1984). He also dated Demi Moore and Susan Sarandon . Penn met singer-songwriter Madonna on set of her " Material Girl " music video in January 1985. On August 16, 1985, they married on Madonna's 27th birthday; Penn turned 25 the next day. The two starred in the panned Shanghai Surprise (1986), directed by Jim Goddard , and Madonna dedicated her third studio album True Blue (1986) to Penn, referring to him in

6636-619: Was fined $ 50 on each of two misdemeanor charges of assault and battery. In January 1986, Penn was charged for allegedly assaulting Leonel Borralho, Macau correspondent for the Hong Kong Standard newspaper, after he photographed Madonna and Penn as they arrived at their hotel room. In June 1986, Penn was charged with misdemeanor battery for assaulting songwriter David Wolinski at Helena's nightclub in Los Angeles. Wolinski said Penn accused him of trying to kiss Madonna. Penn pled not guilty to

6720-665: Was nominated for Best Actor by the British Academy Film Awards , the Golden Globe Awards , and the Independent Spirit Awards . Penn won his second Academy Award for Best Actor and the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role . In Fair Game (2010), Penn starred as Joseph C. Wilson , whose wife, Valerie Plame ( Naomi Watts ), was outed as

6804-630: Was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Actor at the 57th British Academy Film Awards . In 2004, Penn played Samuel Bicke, a character based on Samuel Byck , who in 1974 attempted and failed to assassinate President Richard Nixon , in The Assassination of Richard Nixon (2004). The same year, he was invited to join the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences . Next, Penn portrayed governor Willie Stark (based on Huey Long ) in an adaptation of Robert Penn Warren 's classic 1946 American novel All

6888-719: Was nominated for the Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directing – Feature Film . In November 2008, Penn earned positive reviews for his portrayal of real-life politician and gay rights activist and icon Harvey Milk in the Gus Van Sant directed biographical drama film Milk (2008). Kirk Honeycutt for The Hollywood Reporter wrote, "Penn is one of those actors in complete control of his entire instrument. He uses voice, body movements, line readings and something indefinable within his own psyche to transmigrate into another person’s body and mind". For his performance he

6972-432: Was released in 1959. Short films had become a medium for student, independent, and specialty work. Cartoon shorts had a longer life, due in part to the implementation of lower-cost limited animation techniques and the rise of television animation , which allowed shorts to have both theatrical runs and a syndication afterlife. Warner Bros. , one of the most prolific of the golden era, underwent several reorganizations in

7056-426: Was the last regular theatrical cartoon short series, having begun in 1964 (and thus having spent its entire existence in the limited animation era) and ended in 1980. By the 1960s, the market for animated shorts had largely shifted to television, with existing theatrical shorts being syndicated to television. A few animated shorts continue within the mainstream commercial distribution. For instance, Pixar has screened

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