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76-524: The Scripps name dates to 1924 when philanthropist Ellen Browning Scripps established Scripps Memorial Hospital and the Scripps Metabolic Clinic in La Jolla, California . Scripps Mercy Hospital joined the system in 1995, and was founded in 1890, making it San Diego's oldest hospital. Other facilities are Scripps Green Hospital, Scripps Memorial Hospital Encinitas, Scripps Mercy Hospital Chula Vista,

152-561: A biologist originally from Wisconsin . In 1891, Ritter was offered a job teaching biology at the University of California, Berkeley and married Mary Bennett . Their honeymoon and subsequent biological studies took them to San Diego , where Ritter met a local physician and naturalist, Fred Baker , who would later encourage him to build a marine biological laboratory in San Diego. Ritter searched for eleven years for an appropriate place for

228-571: A 170-acre (0.69 km ) site in La Jolla, north of San Diego. The land was purchased for $ 1,000 at a public auction from the city of San Diego (the same site where the SIO main campus is today). However, construction cost estimates for a permeant building were around $ 50,000. Funding was secured through E. W. and E. B. Scripps, and the first permanent building (today known as the Old Scripps Building )

304-437: A common sight near the campus, particularly seagulls , pelicans , plovers , egrets , and osprey . Peregrine falcons are also known to nest in the bluffs at the north end of campus. Marine life from La Jolla Shores to Black's Beach can be seen very shallow, making snorkeling a popular activity. Marine organisms include leopard sharks , Garibaldi , shovelnose guitarfish , round stingrays , and thornback rays . Due to

380-542: A conservative estimate equivalent to $ 44,663,000 in 2023 dollars. Although Scripps garnered much public attention from her philanthropic projects, she avoided publicizing her gifts and drawing attention to herself, since "publicity is distasteful to Miss Scripps. Ellen Browning Scripps died in her La Jolla home on August 3, 1932, at age 95. Shortly thereafter, the leading newspaper trade journal Editor & Publisher praised her contributions to American journalism: "Many women have contributed, directly and indirectly, to

456-616: A diving fatality at La Jolla in 1950, requested that Limbaugh develop a scuba training program for SIO, which debuted in 1951 and was heavily influenced by practices of the U.S. Navy's Underwater Demolition Team . It was also during this time that Hugh Bradner , a physicist at UC Berkeley , became an advisor at SIO and developed the wetsuit in 1952. Bradner would go on to become a professor at SIO's Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics in 1961. The SIO Diving Program would continue to innovate and expand up to more than 160 affiliated divers in 2015. The Vaughan Aquarium-Museum opened at

532-565: A home health joint venture with Cornerstone Healthcare. The joint venture will be managed by a Cornerstone affiliate, which will help launch the partnership and provide home health services to San Diego patients. There are a number of notable specialty programs within Scripps Health, including The organization has a number of projects planned and underway, including expansions of the Scripps La Jolla and Encinitas campuses. Scripps Health

608-926: A larger, fireproof hospital on Prospect Street that yielded even more space, equipment, and departments. The larger hospital, now known as Scripps Memorial Hospital, opened in 1924 and grew until 1964, when it was relocated to its present site on Genesee Avenue. The La Jolla Sanitarium became the site of the Scripps Metabolic Clinic in 1924, which eventually split to become The Scripps Research Institute and Scripps Clinic. Mercy Hospital, San Diego’s longest-established hospital and only Catholic health care facility, joined Scripps Health in 1995. Scripps Mercy Hospital now features campuses in San Diego and Chula Vista . Scripps Health’s facilities and services continue to grow, and now include clinical research, medical education, comprehensive cancer care and genomic medicine programs. In March 2020, Scripps Health agreed to form

684-613: A new, fireproof concrete structure in the same modern architectural language as The Bishop's School , the La Jolla Woman's Club , and the La Jolla Recreational Center . It has been described as one of Gill's "masterworks." Her house is now the Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego . Over the next three decades, she and her half-sister Virginia created a Scripps family compound that included extensive gardens, Wisteria Cottage (now

760-445: A permanent marine biological laboratory. He spent summers at various places along the coast with students. His goal was frustrated by lack of money and lack of an appropriate place. During this time, research was being conducted at the boathouse of Hotel del Coronado on San Diego Bay . In 1903, Ritter was introduced to newspaper magnate E. W. Scripps . Together with Scripps' half-sister Ellen Browning Scripps and Baker, they formed

836-702: A remedy for crippling rheumatoid arthritis . She found a home at the Remedial Institute and School of Philosophy, also known as the New Order of Life, in Alameda, one of the many utopian communities founded in the late nineteenth century. Concerned about her sister's welfare, Ellen made her first trip to California in the winter of 1890. Soon afterwards, Ellen and E.W. bought land in San Diego and established Miramar Ranch with their brother Fred. Miramar Ranch encompassed what

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912-456: A study at Imperial Beach to collect samples of sewage pollution from the Tijuana River and found elevated levels of harmful bacteria and aerosols. In 2024, Scripps was added to a task force including researchers from San Diego State University and regional doctors to better understand health impacts from the pollution. While collecting samples later in 2024, the task force had to evacuate

988-511: A substantial legacy from her brother George H. Scripps who died in 1900, leaving behind a will described as "a legacy of hate." He gave his shares of Evening News stock to E.W., whom James E. Scripps considered his nemesis. Ellen, meanwhile, received George's shares of the Scripps Publishing Co. This led to an eleven-year legal battle that E.W. and Ellen ultimately won. Interested in science and education, Ellen Browning Scripps donated

1064-682: Is located in La Jolla , with additional facilities in Point Loma . Founded in 1903 and incorporated into the University of California system in 1912, the institution has since broadened its research focus to encompass the physics, chemistry, geology, biology, and climate of the Earth. The institution awards the Nierenberg Prize annually to recognize researchers with exceptional contributions to science in public interest. Scripps Institution of Oceanography can trace its beginnings back to William Ritter ,

1140-522: Is now Scripps Ranch , a suburban community, and the Marine Corps Air Station Miramar . The ranch house was torn down in 1973. In 1897 Scripps moved to the seaside village of La Jolla where she built a modest house named South Molton Villa after the street in London on which she had been born. When the house burned down in 1915, Scripps commissioned architect Irving J. Gill to redesign

1216-691: Is the Pawka Green, named after Steven Pawka. The bordering Naga Way separates the labs from Biological Grade from the halls around Pawka Green, which are more oriented towards administration and instruction. The Naga Way street is named after the Naga Expedition, which took place in 1959 studying the Gulf of Thailand and South China Sea. Shellback Way connects a series of halls and labs on the east side of La Jolla Shores Drive, with greater emphasis on atmospheric science and fisheries. It connects to Biological Grade via

1292-489: Is wholly unrelated to San Diego television station and ABC affiliate KGTV (channel 10), which came under the ownership of the separate E. W. Scripps Company near the start of 2012. KGTV regularly discloses it has no relation to Scripps Health on-air, outside regular health news stories the latter organization's physicians are asked to comment on regarding health matters in San Diego. Ellen Browning Scripps Ellen Browning Scripps (October 18, 1836 – August 3, 1932)

1368-927: The Kansas City Star . They also acquired newspapers in Memphis, Oklahoma City, Evansville, Terre Haute, Columbus, Denver, Dallas, and Houston. In the late 1890s, E.W. began to acquire papers in California, including The Los Angeles Record , The San Diego Sun , and The San Francisco News . In the Pacific Northwest, the growing profitability of working-class newspapers led to the development of The Seattle Star , The Spokane Press , The Tacoma Times , and The Portland News , all pitched to dock workers, miners, lumbermen, and cannery workers. By 1905, E.W. estimated that profits on "my little Western papers" were many times greater than those of his Eastern ones. Ellen Scripps gained

1444-474: The La Jolla Historical Society ), a library, a guest bungalow, a lathe house, and two garages. In La Jolla, Ellen gradually stepped out of her intimate family circle and began to acquire a large set of female acquaintances. La Jolla had a growing number of summer and year-round residents, many of whom were unmarried women or widows. She remarked that in the early days, "It was a woman's town." She

1520-643: The Marine Biological Association of San Diego with Ritter as the Scientific Director. They fully funded the institution for its first decade. E. W. Scripps gave the biological association the use of his yacht, the Loma , in 1904 and served as the first research vessel in the history of the institution. In 1905, they moved to a small laboratory in La Jolla Cove until they arranged for the purchase of

1596-640: The News , she found that she was no longer needed at the copy desk. She began a decade of travel, heading to the American South , New England , Cuba , and Mexico . In 1888–1889 she made a second trip to Europe that included a visit to L'Exposition Universelle in Paris and three months in Spain. A decade later, she toured France, Belgium , and England . In 1887, Ellen's sister Julia Anne moved to Alameda, California , to seek

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1672-746: The Scripps National Spelling Bee . Ellen Browning Scripps was born on October 18, 1836, on South Molton St. in St. George Parish, London. Her father, James Mogg Scripps (1803–1873), was the youngest of six children born to London publisher William Armiger Scripps (1772–1851) and Mary Dixie (1771–1838). He was apprenticed to Charles Lewis , the leading bookbinder of London, where he learned the trade. James married his cousin Elizabeth Sabey in 1829 and had two children, only one of whom lived to maturity, Elizabeth Mary (1831–1914). Elizabeth Sabey Scripps died

1748-497: The US Hydrographic Office , and Navy Bureau of Ships and Scripps was receiving around $ 900,000 annually from federal funding. The Navy bestowed the operation of a number of vessels to SIO ushering in a "Golden Age" of oceanographic research and discoveries. Between 1947 and 1949 three post-war vessels were acquired and modified for scientific research: The Crest , Paolina-T , and Horizon . These vessels, combined with

1824-592: The University of California, San Diego . From March to May of 1979, SIO directed the RISE project and oversaw the 1979 discovery of black smoker hydrothermal vents at the East Pacific Rise . The Old Scripps Building , designed by Irving Gill , was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1982. Architect Barton Myers designed the current Scripps Building for the Institution of Oceanography in 1998. In 2007,

1900-548: The Women's Museum of California , Commission on the Status of Women, University of California, San Diego Women's Center, and San Diego State University Women's Studies. The following are institutions Scripps helped to establish or fund: Scripps Institution of Oceanography Scripps Institution of Oceanography ( SIO ) is the center for oceanography and Earth science at the University of California, San Diego . Its main campus

1976-506: The 1870s and 1880s, the Scripps papers expanded to include The Cleveland Press , The Cincinnati Post , and the St. Louis Chronicle . A shareholder, Ellen B. Scripps played an important role in Scripps councils. She gave business advice to her younger half-brother E.W. and sided with him in family financial disputes. He credited her with saving him from financial ruin in more than one instance. In

2052-733: The 1880s, E.W.'s attempt to seize control of the Scripps Publishing Company failed, resulting in a divisive lawsuit and a break with his half-brother James. In 1881, Ellen and E.W. travelled to Europe so that the latter could take a break from work and recover his health. They took the railroad through France to the Mediterranean Sea , crossed by ship to Algeria , then headed north into Italy , Austria , and Germany . Ellen wrote weekly letters back to The Detroit Evening News about their travels, describing her impressions of people and places. When Ellen returned to her job at

2128-794: The 1920s, Scripps was the major benefactor of the San Diego Natural History Museum , financing its building and education programs. In 1933, the Scripps estate donated over 1,000 watercolor paintings of California wildflowers by A.R. Valentien to the museum. Over 2500 books of her library's book collection were donated to the Claremont Colleges where they can now be accessed from the Claremont Colleges Library and Denison Library. The New York Times estimated that, during her lifetime, she gave gifts and donations to charitable causes that totaled more than $ 2 million,

2204-635: The Female Collegiate Department and honors in mathematics. Afterwards, she returned to Rushville, Illinois, to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. After the American Civil War , Scripps gave up her job as a schoolteacher and headed to Detroit, at that time a booming industrial center in the West. She joined her brother James E. Scripps in publishing The Detroit Evening News , a short, inexpensive, and politically independent newspaper pitched to

2280-550: The La Jolla Shores Pedestrian Bridge. Shellback Way is named after the Shellback Expedition which studied the deep Pacific off the coast of Peru, running from May to August 1952. Downwind Way connects La Jolla Shores Drive to Expedition Way, providing access to the rest of UCSD. This section of campus includes campus storage and facilities, Birch Aquarium, and Deep Sea Drilling Program. It is named after

2356-462: The Martin Johnson House, and Birch Aquarium) are available to the general public for rental. Biological Grade is the street running North to South parallel to La Jolla Shores drive, connecting a number of laboratories, libraries, and research halls. It was built between 1910 and 1912 with the original Old Scripps Building and was part of the main highway between San Diego and Los Angeles. As

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2432-583: The Scripps Clinic, Scripps Coastal Medical Center, and the Prebys Cardiovascular Institute. In 2002, Scripps Health switched its hospital buying agent from Novation to MedAssets . Scripps Health had issues with fees that Novation had collected from medical supply companies. Scripps estimated that the agreement with MedAssets would save $ 20 to $ 25 million per year of the $ 212 million the hospital network spent annually on supplies. The company

2508-659: The US Navy. Collaborative research between the UCDWR and the Navy led to the discovery of the deep scattering layer , a region from 300 - 500 m deep filled with organisms. The UCDWR would continue to research sound beacons and sonar until being absorbed into the Navy Electronics Laboratory and Scripps Marine Physical Laboratory between 1945 and 1948. With Harald Sverdrup as the SIO director, recent graduate student Walter Munk

2584-737: The United States with his six children in April 1844. They headed to Rushville, Illinois , where other members of the Scripps family owned property. James Mogg married his third wife Julia Osborn in November 1844. They had five children: Julia Anne (1847–1898), Thomas Osborn (1848–53), Frederick Tudor (1850–1936), Eliza Virginia (1852–1921), and Edward Willis (1854–1926), the well-known newspaper tycoon and founder of The E.W. Scripps Company . Born in London and raised in Rushville, Illinois , Ellen Browning Scripps

2660-511: The University's Charter Day in March 1951 to replace the prior aquarium, which had been in a consistent state of disrepair since at least 1925. Named to honor former institution director T. Wayland Vaughan, museum curator Percy S. Barnhart planned a replacement up until his retirement in 1946, passing the project along to Sam Hinton. Hinton would go on to collect specimens aboard the E. W. Scripps until

2736-537: The area due to elevated levels of toxic gases. A campus report was published in 2022 describing campus lab, office, and storage spaces and found that women make up 26% of research scientists at SIO, yet occupy 17% of the space. The report highlighted that emeritus faculty on campus are 86% male and hold nearly 25% of all space at SIO. In May 2023, the Scripps campus in La Jolla opened the Ted and Jean Scripps Marine Conservation and Technology Facility. The building required

2812-401: The building was completed and occupied in 1950. While nearly three times the size of the previous aquarium, the building also housed the director's offices on the second floor and the preserved specimens in the basement. The seawater supply from Scripps Pier was renovated in 1964 to increase capacity and improve filtration . In 1959, an additional administration building was constructed next to

2888-737: The bulk of her fortune to the Scripps Institution of Oceanography (1903), The Bishop's School (1909), and the Scripps College in Claremont (1929), California. She supported community initiatives such as the La Jolla Women's Club and the La Jolla Recreational Center and contributed financially to improvement projects in the coastal area such as The Children's Pool . La Jolla Park was renamed Ellen Browning Scripps Memorial Park in 1927 to honor her many gifts to La Jolla. Her interest in

2964-567: The campus grew, La Jolla Shores Drive was constructed to reroute through traffic for automobiles. Biological Grade connects to Shellback Way on the other side of La Jolla Shores Drive via the La Jolla Shores Pedestrian Bridge (also known as Scripps Crossing), erected in 1993. The Scripps Coastal Meander trail (part of the California Coastal Trail ) starts at the northern end of Biological Grade and connects to other trails, eventually terminating at Black's Beach. South of Biological Grade

3040-500: The case had not been submitted to its office for review. However, university officials have up to three years to file charges. On July 18, 2023, UCPD obtained a warrant and searched a fourth student's house for evidence of chalk or union affiliation in relation to the May 30 incident. The SIO main campus is located in La Jolla , situated between La Jolla Shores and Black's Beach . La Jolla Shores Drive provides access to greater La Jolla to

3116-524: The city's working class. This was to be the start of the Scripps family fortune. Scripps worked as a copyeditor and wrote a daily column, nicknamed "Miss Ellen's Miscellany," that reduced local and national news to short sound bites. According to Gerald Baldasty, "Her columns of "Miscellany" and other topics became the inspiration for the Newspaper Enterprise Association , a news features service that Edward Scripps established in 1902." In

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3192-535: The construction of a new sanitarium, La Jolla Sanitarium, since the health center at the time, Kline House, was too small and poorly equipped. After opening in 1918, the La Jolla Sanitarium provided local residents with a reliable health center that helped treat patients during the Spanish flu pandemic later that year. Seeing the positive impact that the La Jolla Sanitarium had on her community, Scripps later funded

3268-528: The cook and injuring the captain. The sinking of the Scripps left SIO without a research vessel, so SIO director Sverdrup approached the UC president Robert Gordon Sproul and Bob Scripps (son of E.W and Ellen) to acquire a new one. They found Bob's pleasure yacht, Novia Del Mar , ill-fitting for the science roles performed by the Scripps , and purchased a different yacht from actor Lewis Stone in April 1937. The Serena

3344-481: The cover of Time magazine after founding Scripps College in Claremont, California . She also donated millions of dollars to organizations worldwide that promised to advance democratic principles and women's education. She helped to found Scripps Institution of Oceanography , Scripps Research , and Scripps Health , all located in the La Jolla neighborhood of San Diego, California . The Scripps family supports

3420-441: The day after the latter's birth. Two years later, James Mogg married Ellen Mary Saunders. They had six children, five of whom lived to adulthood: James E. Scripps (1835–1906), Ellen Browning (1836–1932), William Arminger (1838–1914), George Henry (1839–1900) and John Mogg (1840–1863). Ellen Mary Scripps died of breast cancer in 1841. After the failure of his bookbinding shop and the death of his second wife, James Mogg emigrated to

3496-716: The development of the Deep-Tow system , with oceanographer Fred Spiess as the lead of the Marine Physical Laboratory. The purpose was to map the oceans, most notably being used in Project FAMOUS between 1971 and 1974. In 1965, Scripps began leasing 6 acres (2.4 ha) of land in Point Loma to tie up research vessels, including the RP Flip (launched in 1962), from the US Navy. The navy gave this land to Scripps in 1975 and

3572-530: The development of the American press, but none more influentially and beneficently than Ellen Browning Scripps." The New York Times , meanwhile, recognized her as "one of the pioneers in modern American journalism." Her obituary described her as a woman who had perfected "the art of living" as well as the art of giving. Scripps was nominated and inducted into the San Diego Women's Hall of Fame in 2007, hosted by

3648-554: The facility was named the Nimitz Marine Facility (or MarFac) after Chester Nimitz . Also in 1965, Scripps assisted the Navy with the SEALAB project, where divers dwelled in a submersible habitat at 205 ft (62 m) in the nearby Scripps Canyon for 15 days at a time. On October 25, 1973, California Sea Grant became a college ( National Sea Grant College Program ) administered by Scripps Institution of Oceanography at

3724-591: The family and wife of late Roger Revelle donated 2.5 million dollars toward the Roger Revelle Chair endowed position , which Shang-Ping Xie now holds. In 2014, SIO received a grant from the U.S. Department of Transportation to test the use of biofuels on one of its ships, the Robert Gordon Sproul . The vessel operated from September 2014 to December 2015 on 100% biofuels which reduced nitrous oxide emissions, but increased particle emissions. However,

3800-697: The first of three International Geophisical Year cruises, taking place from October 1957 to February 1958. (Nori, Rockweed, Limu, Kelp, Eelgrass, Corallina) The main campus in La Jolla is situated next to the San Diego-Scripps Coastal Marine Conservation Area as well as Torrey Pines State Natural Reserve . The coastal chaparral biome has many plants also seen in the Torrey Pines reserve, such as lemonade berry , wild cucumber , coast spice bush , California sunflower , California buckwheat , and bladderpod . Seabirds are

3876-417: The fuel source provided a proof of concept that research operations could be completed using biofuels rather than conventional diesel. Also, 2014 was the first year of cruises for the international GO-SHIP program , a repeat hydrography program focusing on straight transects across major ocean basins and a follow-up to the World Ocean Circulation Experiment , which ran until 2002. Scripps, along with NOAA as

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3952-450: The high concentration of stingrays, locals practice the "stingray shuffle" to help avoid being stung . Connecting to La Jolla Canyon, Scripps Canyon is a popular spot for divers and marine research. Common fish within the canyon are species of poacher , sole , rockfish , and lizardfish . The Nimitz Marine facility is the home port of all SIO research vessels and is accessible by land via Rosecrans Street in Point Loma. The facility

4028-442: The local union chapters representing the arrested workers, accuse the University of California of retaliation and reneging on the contracts signed at the conclusion of the 2022 UC academic workers' strike . On July 10, 2023, hundreds of protesters gathered at San Diego's Central Courthouse to protest the arrests, however in a written statement the San Diego District Attorney's office said the arraignment would not move forward because

4104-414: The original 1910 building, named the "New Scripps" building. Campus construction expanded with the completion of the Sumner Auditorium and Sverdrup Hall in 1960. Scripps Institution of Oceanography director Revelle spearheaded the formation of the University of California, San Diego in 1960 on a bluff overlooking the Scripps Institution, with SIO acting as the nucleus. It was during the 1960s that SIO led

4180-406: The overlap of expertise from the ONR in 1946, provided additional resources for ocean exploration. The three new vessels were put to work on the new Marine Life Research Program in 1950 (now CalCOFI ), which sought to investigate the collapse of the California sardine population. In doing so, approximately 670,000 square miles (1,700,000 km ) of ocean would need to be surveyed. When Aqua-Lung

4256-470: The razing of three older buildings originally constructed in 1963 and reinforcing of the nearby hillside in 2014. A month later, the building was vandalized in a protest against low graduate student wages. In June 2023, two SIO students and one recent graduate were arrested at their homes by University of California Police and held in custody overnight. The University alleged $ 12,000 in damages related to this incident. Union leadership in UAW 2865 and 5810,

4332-410: The science of health led her to support Scripps Memorial Hospital, now Scripps Health , and the Scripps Metabolic Clinic, now Scripps Research . Scripps funded many wildlife preservation and education initiatives, including the San Diego Zoo and Torrey Pines State Natural Reserve . She also provided support for wildlife books such as including William Leon Dawson 's Birds of California . From

4408-434: The sole American members of the science committee, has overseen and advised many expeditions to contribute to the global data set. In 2019, Scripps received $ 1.2 million of philanthropic funding for a 42-foot (13 m) research vessel, named after John Beyster and his wife Betty . Though the vessel was secured in spring of 2019, plans for the vessel's acquisition began in 2017. From January to May of 2019, SIO directed

4484-626: The south, while continuing north through campus to the main UC San Diego campus. Mass transit service to the main campus is handled by MTS line 30 (coming every 15 minutes) and UC San Diego's SIO bus route (every 10 minutes). Route 30 has stops exclusively on La Jolla Shores Drive, heading north to UTC Transit Center and south to Old Town Transit Center . The SIO route offers more comprehensive coverage of campus grounds, starting in Pawka Green, then La Jolla Shores Drive, Shellback Way, Birch Aquarium, and then north to Gilman Transit Center at UCSD's main campus. Three sites on campus (the Seaside Forum,

4560-425: The understanding of the thermocline and benthic sediments in the context of underwater warfare. Research on biofouling organisms were led by Dennis Fox and Claude ZoBell, with the goal to develop biological deterrents for seaplanes and vessels. It was during 1942 that Sverdrup, along with Martin Johnson and Richard Fleming, completed the first comprehensive textbook of oceanography, The Oceans . The textbook

4636-425: The war, the only federal support for SIO came from the Navy seeking to protect the hulls of their ships. Threatened by German submarines , concepts within physical oceanography were researched for submarine warfare . By summer 1942, Roger Revelle was appointed as a Navy liaison for oceanography and the sonar head of the Navy Bureau of Ships. UCDWR research led to rapid development of bathythermographs , as well as

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4712-425: The war. Though Sverdrup was initially intending on holding the position of SIO director for only 3 years until 1939, Nazi occupation of Norway prolonged his assumption of the role until 1948. Though Sverdrup's family became US citizens during the war, he struggled with Navy clearance which gave him an awkward relationship to the projects he was overseeing. Wartime changed the funding dynamic for Scripps. Prior to

4788-534: Was a founding member of the La Jolla Library Association and the La Jolla Woman's Club , among other organizations. Ellen Browning Scripps made a fortune by investing in E.W. Scripps's growing chain of newspapers in the West. In 1894, E.W. formed a partnership with Milton A. McRae , who had risen through the ranks to become one of Scripps's top lieutenants. George H. Scripps joined the partnership in 1895. The group managed The Cincinnati Post , The Cleveland Press , The St. Louis Chronicle , The Toledo News-Bee , and

4864-472: Was acquired on April 21st, 1907 and was named the Alexander Agassiz after the Harvard biologist who had visited in 1905. The 85-foot Alexander Agassiz , a sailing vessel with twin gasoline engines, served the institution for ten years. In 1912, the Biological Association became incorporated into the University of California and was renamed the Scripps Institution for Biological Research . The first iteration of Scripps Pier, along with other buildings,

4940-466: Was an American journalist and philanthropist who was the founding donor of several major institutions in Southern California . She and her half-brother E.W. Scripps created the E.W. Scripps Company , America's largest chain of newspapers, linking Midwestern industrial cities with booming towns in the West. By the 1920s, Ellen Browning Scripps was worth an estimated $ 30 million (or $ 3 billion in 2024 dollars), most of which she gave away. She appeared on

5016-408: Was an avid reader and learner at an early age. In 1855, a year before attending college, she was granted a teaching certificate and started teaching in Schuyler County , IL. She was the only one of her ten siblings to attend college, studying science and mathematics at Knox College in Galesburg , IL, one of the few educational institutions to admit women. She graduated in 1859 with a certificate from

5092-470: Was approved for construction in 1913, but was only completed in 1916 due to delays related to World War I . In 1915, the first building devoted solely to an aquarium was built on the Scripps campus. The small, wooden structure contained 19 tanks ranging in size from 96 to 228 U.S. gallons (360 to 860 L). The oceanographic museum was located in a nearby building. Since the pier was completed in 1916, measurements have been taken daily. The modern Scripps Pier

5168-469: Was built as a replacement for the 1916 structure in 1988. The institution's name changed to Scripps Institution of Oceanography (often shortened to just SIO) in October of 1925 to recognize the growing faculty's widened range of studies. Easter Ellen Cupp would be the first woman to earn a Ph.D. in oceanography from SIO in 1934, studying diatoms under Wynfred Allen . She would stay with Scripps until 1939. In 1935, SIO director T. Wayland Vaughan

5244-404: Was considered a first of its kind and of such military importance that it was forbidden from distribution outside of the United States. SIO's first scientific diver was biologist Cheng Kwai Tseng, who used equipment to collect algae off the coast of San Diego in 1944. Tseng took red algae samples of Gelidium cartilagineum and cultured them to reduce the US dependence on Japanese agar , which

5320-408: Was constructed in 1910. The Marine Biological Association's first seafaring vessel, the Loma , would run aground in Point Loma in 1906 and prompted the search for a new one. With funds secured from Ellen Browning Scripps, the association was able to have a ship built by Lawrence Jensen strictly for oceanographic research - among the first for an American nongovernmental institution. The new vessel

5396-453: Was important to hospitals at the time. Following the war, Roger Revelle continued to act as a liaison for oceanographers and was consulted during Operation Crossroads in 1945. He noted significant difficulties during the project, stemming from the difficulty of civilian research to access naval research vessels and naval bureaucracy. To remedy this, Revelle championed joint research of the newly-established Office of Naval Research (ONR),

5472-575: Was made available in the US in 1948, UCLA graduates Conrad Limbaugh and Andy Rechnitzer were able to convince Boyd W. Walker, their marine biology advisor at the time, to purchase one. Together, they introduced the Aqua-Lung to SIO in 1950 (with Limbaugh studying under Carl Hubbs) and began the Scripps Diving Program. Roger Revelle took over the director role at SIO in 1951 from Carl Eckart and, following

5548-424: Was ranked 100th by Forbes magazine on its 2024 list of the "100 Best Companies to Work For", citing the company's caring mission and high employee engagement marks. Scripps Health is one of the many organizations that grew out of Ellen Browning Scripps’ philanthropic efforts. While the organization was formally founded in 1924, the initiative to improve public health in San Diego began in 1917, when Scripps funded

5624-627: Was recalled from the army and together they were tasked with aiding Allied amphibious landings off the coast of Africa . The goal was to predict coastal surf and sea state for Allied landings in Africa, though their model was also applied to the Allied landings in Normandy , Sicily , and in the Pacific . SIO's UCDWR would train over 200 American and British military officers on swell forecasting techniques throughout

5700-503: Was rechristened E. W. Scripps and was presented to SIO in December 1937. The E. W. Scripps would be quintessential for Sverdrup to build datasets supporting simple theories of ocean circulation, including the Sverdrup balance . When World War II broke out Scripps created the University of California Division of War Research (UCDWR) in Point Loma, focusing on acoustics and waves to support

5776-532: Was the first Scripps member to be awarded the Alexander Agassiz Medal by the National Academy of Sciences . Harald Sverdrup would be awarded the medal 3 years later, beginning a long history of Scripps oceanographers being awarded the prize (Johnson in 1959, Revelle in 1963, and many more). In November, 1936, the research vessel Scripps was sunk when there was an explosion in the galley, killing

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