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110-747: The Supreme Council, Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite, Southern Jurisdiction, USA is the first Supreme Council of Scottish Rite Freemasonry , founded in 1801. Its official full name is "The Supreme Council (Mother Council of the World) of the Inspectors General Knights Commander of the House of the Temple of Solomon of the Thirty-third Degree of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry of

220-492: A Golden Globe winner. GW has over 1,100 active alumni in the U.S. Foreign Service and is one of the largest feeder schools for the diplomatic corps . The first President of the United States , George Washington , long favored the establishment of a university in a central part of the United States. He advocated for its establishment to the U.S. Congress and others throughout his political career. Washington envisioned

330-785: A Supreme Council for the Northern Jurisdiction of the United States of America . In 1823, the Supreme Council granted jurisdiction of the fifteen states east of the Mississippi River and north of the Ohio River to the Supreme Council for the Northern Jurisdiction. In 1870, "its residence was moved to Washington, D.C.," although " its see remains in Charleston." In 1911 the Mother Supreme Council began construction of

440-589: A 2002 paper that the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite Craft degrees might be derived from a French translation of the Masonic exposé Three Distinct Knocks , issued in London in 1760. But this theory is heavily debated among Masonic Scholars. In 2000, the Southern Jurisdiction in the United States completed a revision of its ritual scripts. The current ritual is based upon Pike's, but with some differences. Generally,

550-493: A college to educate citizens from throughout the young nation in Washington, D.C. A large building was constructed on College Hill, which is now known as Meridian Hill . On February 9, 1821, President Monroe approved the congressional charter , creating the non-denominational Columbian College. Washingtonians, Congress, and the academic community celebrated this new institution as the fulfillment of Washington's vision. In 1824,

660-630: A cosmologist, produced the Big Bang theory at the university in the 1930s and 1940s. On January 26, 1939, Niels Bohr announced that Otto Hahn had successfully split the atom at the Fifth Washington Conference on theoretical physics in the Hall of Government. During the Vietnam War era, Thurston Hall, an undergraduate dormitory housing 1,116 students at 1900 F Street NW, located three blocks from

770-505: A faculty of retired and current professionals – including CNN correspondents, journalists, political analysts, and campaign professionals. The school is consistently ranked in the top 10 programs in the nation. The Corcoran School of the Arts and Design is one of the oldest arts education institutions in the United States. It is a school of the Columbian College of Arts and Sciences . It

880-528: A lateral movement in Masonic education rather than an upward movement and are degrees of instruction rather than rank. Inspired by the Solomonic Tradition and centered on the construction of the Temple of Jerusalem, the Scottish Rite closely combines the criterion of duration, as characteristic of the initiatory process, with the criterion of construction, which commits the adept to the path laid out by

990-627: A master's degree in Media and Public Affairs. It is housed in the same building as the Graduate School of Political Management . The Public Affairs Project at GW, part of SMPA, is responsible for the creation and production of the PBS special, Planet Forward . School of Media and Public Affairs (SMPA) was the first in the nation to offer a bachelor's degree in Political Communication. The program boasts

1100-656: A new headquarters of the Supreme Council in the District of Columbia , called the House of the Temple . Finished in 1915, the House of the Temple remains their headquarters to this day. It is located at 1733 Sixteenth Street, NW. The House of the Temple also contains the remains of Albert Pike. The head of the Southern Jurisdiction is titled the Sovereign Grand Commander. A total of 21 men have held this office since 1801. Albert Pike and John H. Cowel's tenures of 32 years were

1210-468: A particular power that a Master Mason could claim to be above the others. The hierarchical structure of Freemasonry can be likened to a three-tiered edifice, with the third tier, the Master Mason, being the highest. Attaining this level grants a Freemason access to the corridors of the third tier, where he can delve deeper into his Masonic education and broaden his understanding of the craft. They represent

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1320-484: A research and graduate campus in Ashburn, Virginia (near Dulles International Airport ) which was established in 1991. Starting with a donation of 50 acres (20 ha) from Robert H. Smith, the campus grew to 101 acres (41 ha) by 2010. Besides graduate education, this campus also offers undergraduate education to students, including Health Science, Cybersecurity & Information Technology, and Nursing. Additionally,

1430-490: Is a private federally-chartered research university in Washington, D.C. , United States. Originally named Columbian College , it was chartered in 1821 by the United States Congress and is the first university founded under Washington, D.C.'s jurisdiction. It is one of the nation's six federally chartered universities. GW is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very High Research Activity." It

1540-667: Is a French manuscript dating from 1790 to 1800 which contains the 25 degrees of the Order of the Royal Secret with additional detail, as well as three other Hauts Grades rituals; its literary structure suggests it is derived from a common source as the Francken Manuscripts. A Loge de Parfaits d' Écosse was formed on 12 April 1764 at New Orleans , becoming the first high-degree lodge on the North American continent. Its life, however,

1650-732: Is a second which can be dated to 1783; a third manuscript, of uncertain date, written in Francken's handwriting, with the rituals 4–25°, which was found in the archives of the Provincial Grand Lodge of Lancashire in Liverpool in approximately 1984; and a fourth, again of uncertain date, with rituals 4–24°, which was known to have been given by H. J. Whymper to the District Grand Lodge of the Punjab and rediscovered about 2010. Additionally, there

1760-657: Is also present on the Mount Vernon and Virginia Campuses. The Trachtenberg School of Public Policy and Public Administration is a graduate school in the Columbian College of Arts and Sciences . Consistently ranked as one of the top Public Affairs Schools in the United States, it is ranked 11th nationwide by U.S. News & World Report . The Trachtenberg School offers Master of Public Policy , Master of Public Administration , and PhD degrees in Public Policy and Public Administration . The school works in partnership with

1870-534: Is an international order; all of the other Supreme Councils in each country are sovereign unto themselves in their own jurisdictions. The thirty-three degrees of the Scottish Rite are conferred by several controlling bodies. The first of these is the Craft Blue Lodge, which confers the Entered Apprentice, Fellowcraft, and Master Mason degrees. Craft Blue lodges operate under the authority of national (or in

1980-443: Is by far the most practiced rite worldwide. The next thirty degrees (from the 4th to the 33rd), the high or side degrees - a further development and complement to the first three - are administered by the "Supreme Councils of the 33rd and final degree of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite." However, the name can slightly vary depending on the jurisdictions. There is no international governing body aside from Le Droit Humain, which

2090-656: Is home to the first walkable solar-power sidewalk in the world. The project began in 2012 and was completed two years later, inaugurated in October 2014. George Washington University is governed by the GW Board of Trustees, the President of the George Washington University , provost , deans , and department chairs. The university employs over 6,000 faculty members, administrators, and support staff. In 2007, Steven Knapp

2200-526: Is housed in the Corcoran Gallery of Art , the oldest private cultural institution in Washington, D.C. Formerly an independent institution, known as the Corcoran College of Art and Design, the institution later merged the college operations with the George Washington University. The school retained over 20 full-time faculty members, and the college will continue to function as a separate entity within

2310-677: Is located at the intersection of 23rd and I Streets NW due south of Washington Circle , and provides access to the Orange , Blue and Silver lines . The University Hospital is located next to the Metro station entrance. The Foggy Bottom campus contains most of the residence halls in which GW students live. The most notable include Shenkman Hall, Thurston Hall, Madison Hall , Potomac House, Fulbright Hall , Mitchell Hall, Munson Hall , Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy Onassis Hall , Phillip Amsterdam Hall, Guthridge Hall, Madison Hall, Townhouse Row, South Hall, and

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2420-577: Is located primarily on the east side of University Yard. Although teacher education has been offered since the university's founding in 1904, the Graduate School of Education and Human Development officially started in 1909. The school turned its focus to graduate education in 1994. The George Washington University College of Professional Studies (CPS) was founded during the Trachtenberg Presidency. The Graduate School of Political Management

2530-758: Is notable for its academic diversity, and offers a wide range of majors and courses of study. The Columbian College contains the Trachtenberg School of Public Policy and Public Administration, the School of Media and Public Affairs, and the Corcoran School of the Arts and Design. The Columbian College is primarily housed in Philips Hall, Rome Hall, Smith Hall of Art, MPA Building, Monroe Hall, Hall of Government, 1922 F Street, Corcoran Hall, Bell Hall, Samson Hall, Lisner Hall, and many other places around campus. The college

2640-684: Is the Bible of Freemason George Washington. Freemasonry symbols are prominently displayed throughout the campus, including the foundation stones of many of the university buildings. During the 19th century, most of the university's students came from the South . As the American Civil War commenced in 1861, many left their studies to join the Confederate States Army . However, the college was still fractured. Professor of anatomy A. Y. P. Garnett left

2750-634: Is the most practiced Rite in the world thus most Master Masons are made thought the Scottish Rite system with the exception of the United States of America where most Lodges do not work the first three degrees in the Scottish Rite but rather join after the attainment of the third degree in their own systems. However, some U.S. Lodges do practice the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite blue degrees, and, in recent years, they have grown in number. There are 11 lodges in New Orleans (Historically all located in

2860-470: Is the oldest law school in the District of Columbia. The medical school is the 11th-oldest medical school in the nation and the first established in the nation's capital. The Columbian College was founded in 1821 and is the oldest unit of the university. The Elliott School of International Affairs was formalized in 1898. In the 1930s, the university was a major center for theoretical physics . George Gamow ,

2970-646: Is the only member of the Association of American Universities in Washington, D.C. The university offers degree programs in seventy-one disciplines, enrolling around 11,500 undergraduate and 15,000 graduate students . The school's athletic teams, the George Washington Revolutionaries , play in the NCAA Division I Atlantic 10 Conference . GW also annually hosts numerous political events, including

3080-513: The Corcoran Gallery of Art , the oldest private art museum in Washington, D.C. and independent college of art and design. The college of art and design became The Corcoran School of the Arts and Design under the Columbian College of Arts and Sciences. The National Gallery of Art will acquire many of the 17,000 pieces of art from the Corcoran and the rest will be donated to other museums around

3190-605: The Elliott School of International Affairs , the School of Public Health and Health Services , and the Graduate School of Education & Human Development to offer a variety of concentrations for its graduates. The School of Media and Public Affairs (SMPA), although run separately, belongs to the Columbian College of Arts in Sciences. It offers two undergraduate degrees, Journalism and Mass Communication and Political Communication and

3300-893: The Grande Loge Nationale Française . It is also a dominant ritual, out of the other rituals in use, in the Grand Lodge of Spain . There are two Lodges in Australia that practice the AASR Craft degrees, The Zetland Lodge of Australia No. 9 and Lodge France 1021, both of which are under the United Grand Lodge of New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory . An hypothesis from Masonic historian Alain Bernheim , Belgian Masonic scholar Pierre Noël hypothesized in

3410-542: The Northern Masonic Jurisdiction , two Prince Hall Affiliated Supreme Councils, and the Supreme Council of Louisiana . It claims that all other Supreme Councils and Subordinate Bodies of the Scottish Rite are derived from it, although some degrees in the Scottish Rite were practiced before the Southern Jurisdiction was organized. It oversees the Scottish Rite in 35 states. The other 15 states fall under

Supreme Council, Scottish Rite (Southern Jurisdiction, USA) - Misplaced Pages Continue

3520-655: The Richard B. and Lynne V. Cheney Cardiovascular Institute in 2006. Others notable patients include former First Lady Laura Bush , who was treated for a pinched nerve. SMHS is primarily housed in the GW Hospital , Ross Hall, and many other centers along K Street and throughout the city. GW was once home to the George Washington Dental College , but this department would close in 1921 due to budget constraints. The School of Engineering and Applied Science (SEAS)

3630-604: The Societas Rosicruciana in Anglia . Its name may vary slightly in various jurisdictions and constitutions. For example, the English and Irish Constitutions omit the word Scottish . The Scottish Rite stands as a full Rite of Freemasonry and not an appendant body. Master Masons from other rites may, in some countries, join the Scottish Rite's upper degrees starting from the 4th degree due to its popularity. This Rite builds upon

3740-523: The University of Miami , was named the President of the George Washington University . In July 2020, the university began forming special committees to look at possible name changes to an on-campus building and the school moniker. In a statement on the university's website, LeBlanc said one of the panels would examine the Colonials moniker, which critics said conjured up racism, violence, and genocide. In 2022,

3850-529: The White House , was a staging ground for student anti-war demonstrations. In 1996, the university purchased the Mount Vernon College for Women in the city's Palisades neighborhood that became the school's coeducational Mount Vernon Campus. The campus was first utilized in 1997 for women only but became co-educational in a matter of years. The Mount Vernon campus is now totally integrated into

3960-540: The World Bank and International Monetary Fund 's Annual Meetings . Several notable individuals have served as trustees, including two presidents, John Quincy Adams and Ulysses S. Grant , and Alexander Graham Bell . Notable alumni , faculty , and affiliates include 16 foreign heads of state or government , 28 United States senators , 27 United States governors , 18 U.S. Cabinet members , five Nobel laureates, two Olympic medalists , two Academy Award winners, and

4070-612: The 1740s says, "The rank of a Scottish master is an entirely new invention..." French writers Jean-Marie Ragon (1781–1862) and Emmanuel Rebold, in their Masonic histories, first claimed that the high degrees were created and practiced in Lodge Canongate Kilwinning at Edinburgh , which is entirely false. A French trader, by the name of Estienne Morin, had been involved in high-degree Masonry in Bordeaux since 1744 and, in 1747, founded an "Écossais" lodge (Scottish Lodge) in

4180-433: The Board of Directors. Likewise Children's Healthcare of Atlanta at Scottish Rite had its roots as a hospital owned and operated by the Scottish Rite. Scottish Rite It is most commonly referred to as the Scottish Rite. Sometimes, as in England and Australia, it is called the Rose Croix , though this is just one of its degrees, and is not to be confused with other Masonic related Rosicrucian societies such as

4290-472: The Colonials name was officially retired. The following year, in 2023, the new nickname, the George Washington Revolutionaries , was announced. Another panel looked into renaming the Marvin Center, which was named after former school President Cloyd Heck Marvin , a segregationist . In January 2022, LeBlanc was succeeded by former Washington University in St. Louis Chancellor Mark S. Wrighton as interim university president. A year later, in January 2023,

4400-411: The Devil (Tavern), Temple Bar in London is the earliest such lodge on record. Other lodges include a lodge at Bath in 1735, and the French lodge, St. George de l'Observance No. 49 at Covent Garden in 1736. The references to these few occasions indicate that these were special meetings held for the purpose of performing unusual ceremonies, probably by visiting Freemasons. The Copiale cipher , dating from

4510-413: The District of Columbia. Each academic unit has a distinct identity within the broader university. The Graduate School of Political Management and the Corcoran School of the Arts and Design were organized outside of the university, later to join in 1987 and 2014, respectively. The Columbian College of Arts and Sciences (CCAS) is the oldest and largest college in the university. It was founded in 1821; at

Supreme Council, Scottish Rite (Southern Jurisdiction, USA) - Misplaced Pages Continue

4620-427: The Foggy Bottom and Mount Vernon campuses. The GW library system contains the Gelman Library , the Himmelfarb Health Sciences Library, the Burns Law Library, Eckles Library (named for Charles Ellison Eckles and Anita Heurich Eckles), and the Virginia Science and Technology Library. The GW Library System is a constituent member of the Washington Research Library Consortium , which allows for resource sharing among

4730-400: The GW School of Medicine and Health Sciences with programs in adult nurse practitioner , family nurse practitioner, nursing leadership and management, and clinical research administration. The first MSN class was admitted in 2004. Meanwhile, approval was also obtained to develop a Department of Nursing Education. As the first and only chair of the department, Ellen Dawson, Ph.D., RN, ANP, led

4840-661: The GW School of Nursing was re-established and is now the university's tenth academic institution, with Jean Johnson and Ellen Dawson as the founding deans. The George Washington University Law School was established in 1826 and is the oldest law school in the District of Columbia . Supreme Court Justices Clarence Thomas , William Strong , David J. Brewer , Willis Van Devanter and John Marshall Harlan were among those who served on its faculty. Chief Justice John Roberts , Justice Sonia Sotomayor , Justice Samuel Alito , and Justice Antonin Scalia presided over its moot court in 2006, 2007 and 2009, respectively. The law school

4950-426: The GW community, serving as a complement to the Foggy Bottom campus. In 1999, GW hosted the Town Hall with President Clinton , the first presidential town hall to ever be webcast live. In December 2006, the university appointed Johns Hopkins University provost Steven Knapp as the 16th President of the George Washington University , and his presidency began August 1, 2007. In 2017, Thomas LeBlanc , provost of

5060-408: The International Order of Freemasonry for Men & Women, Le Droit Humain , work "seamlessly from the first to the thirty-third degree and practice only the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite. These two characteristics define it as an Order and not as an Obedience". Most lodges under the jurisdiction of the Grande Loge de France use these degrees, as do a few of the lodges under the jurisdiction of

5170-409: The MSN program to accreditation in time for the graduation of the first class in 2006. Also, she spearheaded the development of both the doctor of nursing practice (DNP) program and the 15-month (four consecutive semesters) accelerated second-degree bachelor of nursing science (ABSN) program located in Ashburn, VA. The first classes for these degrees were admitted in 2007 and 2009, respectively. In 2010,

5280-527: The New World". This Patent was signed by officials of the Grand Lodge at Paris and appears to have originally granted him power over the craft lodges only, and not over the high, or "Écossais", degree lodges. Later copies of this Patent appear to have been embellished, probably by Morin, to improve his position over the high-degree lodges in the West Indies . Morin returned to the West Indies in 1762 or 1763, to Saint-Domingue. Based on his new Patent, he assumed powers to constitute lodges of all degrees, spreading

5390-399: The Northern Jurisdiction, which is an independent body. The Scottish Rite is one of the appendant bodies of Freemasonry that a Master Mason may join for further exposure to the principles of Freemasonry. To join the Supreme Council, one must attain the 32° of the Scottish Rite. The 33° is an honorary degree which only some members obtain. In the Southern Jurisdiction of the United States,

5500-402: The Rite. Building oneself in the AASR system is seen as a long process which is accomplished on the path of truth, justice and wisdom. This long and lengthy process to obtain the degrees can be found within the foundational documents of the AASR, the Constitution and Regulation of 1762, that is present on the altar of every Lodge in the Southern Jurisdiction. The foundational document proscribes

5610-477: The Royal Secret in other countries; he formed the constituent bodies of the Rite in South Carolina in 1783, which in 1801, became the Supreme Council of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite, Southern Jurisdiction. All regular Scottish Rite bodies today derive their heritage from this body. Subsequently, other Supreme Councils were formed in Saint-Domingue (now Haiti ) in 1802, in France in 1804, in Italy in 1805, and in Spain in 1811. On May 1, 1813, an officer from

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5720-430: The Scottish Rite, had been formed in Paris by a high-degree council calling itself "The Council of Emperors of the East and West". The title "Rite of Perfection" first appeared in the Preface to the "Grand Constitutions of 1786", the authority for which is now known to be faulty. The highest degree in this rite was the "Sublime Prince of the Royal Secret". It is now generally accepted that this Rite of twenty-five degrees

5830-478: The Southern Jurisdiction of the U.S. However, the list of degrees for the Northern Jurisdiction of the United States is now somewhat different and is given in the table below. The list of degrees of the Supreme Council of Canada reflects a mixture of the two, with some unique titles as well: Perfection or the East Croix of H.R.D.M. Sublime Scottish Knight Master ad Vitam George Washington University The George Washington University ( GW or GWU )

5940-404: The Southern Jurisdiction of the United States of America." It is also commonly known as The Supreme Council, 33°, Southern Jurisdiction, or by some other varying degree of complete titulage. It is sometimes called the Mother Supreme Council of the World. It is the governing body of Scottish Rite Freemasonry in its jurisdiction, and is one of five Supreme Councils in the United States, along with

6050-410: The Supreme Council at Charleston initiated several New York Masons into the Thirty-third Degree and organized a Supreme Council for the "Northern Masonic District and Jurisdiction". On May 21, 1814, this Supreme Council reopened and proceeded to "nominate, elect, appoint, install and proclaim in due, legal and ample form" the elected officers "as forming the second Grand and Supreme Council...". Finally,

6160-404: The Supreme Council consists of no more than 33 members, and is presided over by a Grand Commander. Other members of the Supreme Council are called Sovereign Grand Inspectors General (SGIG), and each is the head of the Rite in his respective Orient (or state). Other heads of the various Orients who are not members of the Supreme Council are called Deputies of the Supreme Council. The Supreme Council

6270-408: The US, state) Grand Lodges , not the Supreme Council. It is important to note that there is no higher degree in Freemasonry than the third degree, that of Master Mason . That is why the degrees with a number higher than the third must be considered as “side” degrees, (even when called High degrees), they are seen as degrees of instruction or improvement, and not as “higher” degrees, that is, implying

6380-446: The United States, was thus formed. Born in Boston, Massachusetts on December 29, 1809, Albert Pike is asserted within the Southern Jurisdiction as the man most responsible for the growth and success of the Scottish Rite from an obscure Masonic Rite in the mid-19th century to the international fraternity that it became. Pike received the 4th through the 32nd Degrees in March 1853 from Albert Mackey , in Charleston, South Carolina, and

6490-403: The adoption of the "Revised Standard Pike Ritual," Hutchens' book was revised in 2010 by Scottish Rite Grand Archivist and Grand Historian Arturo de Hoyos. Currently, de Hoyos' Scottish Rite Ritual Monitor and Guide (2007, rev. 2010) is now distributed to new members as is Albert Pike's Morals and Dogma: Annotated Edition (2011). Before Albert Pike became a member of the Southern Jurisdiction,

6600-432: The beginning of the university's history, there was no distinction between this college and the university. The School of Media and Public Affairs (SMPA), and the Trachtenberg School of Public Policy and Public Administration (SPPPA) belong to this college, although they are run separately. The Columbian College was among the first American institutions to grant a Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.), in 1888. The Columbian College

6710-490: The business school along with the Norma Lee and Morton Funger Hall. As of January 2018 , GW's undergraduate business program was ranked 42nd nationally and its International Business program was ranked ninth by U.S. News & World Report . Founded in 1824, the School of Medicine and Health Sciences (SMHS) , or simply the George Washington School of Medicine, was the first school of medicine in Washington, D.C. In 1981, George Washington University Hospital became

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6820-401: The center of the national spotlight when President Ronald Reagan was rushed to the emergency room after an attempted assassination. GW Hospital's emergency department was later renamed the Ronald Reagan Institute of Emergency Medicine. Other politicians, such as former Vice President Dick Cheney , come to GW for routine and emergency procedures. Cheney and wife Lynne Cheney helped to start

6930-408: The charter of this organization (written January 7, 1815) added, “We think the Ratification ought to be dated 21st day May 5815." Officially, the Supreme Council, 33°, N.M.J. dates itself from May 15, 1867. This was the date of the "Union of 1867", when it merged with the competing Cerneau "Supreme Council" in New York. The current Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite, Northern Masonic Jurisdiction of

7040-440: The city of Le Cap Français , on the north coast of the French colony of Saint-Domingue , now Haiti . Over the next decade, high-degree Freemasonry was carried by French men to other cities in the Western hemisphere. The high-degree lodge at Bordeaux warranted or recognized seven Écossais lodges there. In Paris in the year 1761, a patent was issued to Estienne Morin, dated 27 August, creating him "Grand Inspector for all parts of

7150-406: The collective project must always prevail over individual pretensions in the AASR system. This motto is probably found for the first time in the patent of February 1, 1802 issued by the brother, Alexandre, Auguste comte De Grasse, marquis de Tilly. The motto " ordo ab chao " implies the action of a principle of order, the chaos from which each of us comes symbolizing the suffering and disarray of

7260-630: The corner of Broad and Church Streets (the tavern had been the location of the founding of Freemasonry in South Carolina in 1754). The Founding Fathers of the Scottish Rite who attended became known as "The Eleven Gentlemen of Charleston" and included, John Mitchell, first Grand Commander of the Supreme Council, Frederick Dalcho, Alexandre Francois Auguste de Grasse , Jean-Baptiste Marie de La Hogue, Thomas Bartholemew Bowen, Abraham Alexander, Emanuel de la Motta, Isaac Auld, Israel de Lieben, Moses Clava Levy, James Moultrie and Isaac Da Costa. Da Costa in particular had been commissioned to establish Morin's Rite of

7370-403: The country. In May 2014, GW opened the Milken Institute School of Public Health , a nine-story building that received LEED certification for sustainability features including a green roof, rainwater collection system, and special heating and air conditioning technologies that helps mass air displacement. The Textile Museum reopened to the public in March 2015 after the institution merged with

7480-423: The creation of what is today the School of Business . Since the early 1950s, the Supreme Council has sponsored the RiteCare Scottish Rite Childhood Language Program "to help children with speech and language disorders." In addition, Scottish Rite for Children , a pediatric hospital located in Dallas, Texas, is located within the jurisdiction of the Southern Jurisdiction and there are many Scottish Rite Masons on

7590-493: The current titles of the degrees and their arrangement in the Southern Jurisdiction remains substantially unchanged since the time of Pike. In 2004, the Northern Jurisdiction in the United States rewrote and reorganized its degrees. Further changes have occurred in 2006. During those two revisions, the names of 21 out of the 33 degrees were changed. The list of degrees for the Supreme Councils of Australia, England and Wales, and most other jurisdictions largely agrees with that of

7700-484: The degrees were in a rudimentary form, and often included only a brief history and legend of each degree, as well as other brief details which usually lacked a workable ritual for their conferral. In 1855, the Supreme Council appointed a committee to prepare and compile rituals for the 4th through the 32nd Degrees. That committee was composed of Albert G. Mackey, John H. Honour, William S. Rockwell, Claude P. Samory, and Albert Pike. Of these five committee members, Pike did all

7810-500: The district 16 they recently approved a new one district 20), 16 in New York City as well as Washington DC, Hawaii and California, that work in the Scottish Rite Craft degrees. Nonetheless, they might not be utilizing the Rituals of either the Southern or Northern jurisdictions, as they might have their own distinctive Scottish Rite Rituals. The Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite blue degrees are more common in Europe, Asia, Africa and Latin-American jurisdictions. All lodges in

7920-577: The establishment of Scottish Rite Freemasonry in South Carolina: Da Costa returned to Charleston, South Carolina, where he established the "Sublime Grand Lodge of Perfection" in February 1783. After Da Costa's death in November 1783, Hays appointed Myers as Da Costa's successor. Joined by Forst and Spitzer, Myers created additional high-degree bodies in Charleston. Physician Hyman Isaac Long from

8030-568: The ethical teachings and philosophy offered in the Craft (or Blue) Lodge through dramatic presentations of its individual degrees. The term "Blue Lodge" refers to the first three degrees of Masonry, regardless of the Rite being practiced. In the Scottish Rite system, the first three degrees are considered Blue Lodge degrees rather than "Red Lodge". There are records of lodges conferring the degree of "Scots Master" or "Scotch Master" as early as 1733. A lodge at

8140-535: The first Supreme Council of the Scottish Rite. According to Fox, by 1801, the Charleston bodies were the only extant bodies of the Rite in North America. Although most of the thirty-three degrees of the Scottish Rite existed in parts of previous degree systems, the Scottish Rite did not come into being until the formation of the Mother Supreme Council at Charleston , South Carolina , in May 1801 at Shepheard's Tavern at

8250-516: The first commencement was considered an important event for the young city. In attendance were President Monroe, John C. Calhoun, Henry Clay , the Marquis de Lafayette , and other dignitaries. Like much of Washington, D.C., George Washington University traces its origins back to the Freemasons . The Bible that the President of the George Washington University uses to swear an oath on upon inauguration

8360-473: The following chart of Pike's ritual revisions: (manuscripts only) Pike also wrote lectures about all the degrees, which were published in 1871 under the title Morals and Dogma of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry . The Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite is a rite comprising 33 degrees. The first three degrees are administered by "blue lodges" or "symbolic lodges." They are called "Blue degree" and not "Red degrees". The Scottish rite

8470-476: The following minimum time allowed to receive the degrees: " All these degrees, into which one can only be initiated in a mysterious number of months, to arrive at each degree in due succession, make the number, in all, of 81 months. Thus, almost seven years was the minimum allowed time to obtain the 25 degrees, in the foundational document of the AASR. The process cannot be a solitary, silent quest for self-fulfillment;

8580-640: The formation of a Lodge of Perfection at Albany , which was called "Ineffable Lodge of Perfection". This marked the first time the Degrees of Perfection (the 4th through the 14th) were conferred in one of the Thirteen British colonies in North America. This Patent, and the early minutes of the Lodge, are extant and are in the archives of Supreme Council, Northern Jurisdiction. The minutes of Ineffable Lodge of Perfection reveal that it ceased activity on December 5, 1774. It

8690-461: The graduate program is currently ranked seventh in the world. ESIA is primarily housed in Elliott Hall at 1957 E St. The history of nursing education at GW spans more than 100 years. In 2002, Jean Johnson, Ph.D., RN, FAAN, then senior associate dean for Health Sciences, met with the nursing faculty to assess GW's capacity to create GW's degree programs. The faculty moved forward to develop an MSN in

8800-623: The high degrees throughout the West Indies and North America. Morin stayed in Saint-Domingue until 1766, when he moved to Jamaica . At Kingston, Jamaica , in 1770, Morin created a "Grand Chapter" of his new Rite, the Grand Council of Jamaica. Morin died in 1771 and was buried in Kingston. Early writers long believed that a "Rite of Perfection" consisting of 25 degrees, itself the predecessor of

8910-511: The human spirit that precedes the path to a spiritual life of peace and brotherhood. It is explained as denoting the mission as Masons is to bring order out of chaos. It becomes a source of hope for those in darkness, who aspire to the Light. The Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite is a full Masonic Rite and has its own distinctive versions of the Craft or Blue Lodge rituals which includes the Entered Apprentice, Fellow Craft, and Master Mason degrees. It

9020-515: The island of Jamaica , who settled in New York City, went to Charleston in 1796 to appoint eight French men; he had received his authority through Spitzer. These men had arrived as refugees from Saint-Domingue , where the slave revolution was underway that would establish Haiti as an independent republic in 1804. They organized a Consistory of the 25th Degree, or "Princes of the Royal Secret," which Masonic historian Brigadier ACF Jackson says became

9130-503: The library are open 24 hours a day, seven days per week for use by students, faculty, and staff. The library's seventh floor includes the Special Collections Research Center, National Security Archives , Global Resources Center, and Kiev Library. The National Security Archives (NSA) is a research institution that publishes declassified U.S. government files concerning selected topics of American foreign policy . It

9240-540: The longest. The list of Sovereign Grand Commanders is as follows: An important philosophical document of the Southern Jurisdiction was Morals and Dogma of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry , written by Albert Pike in 1872. A copy of Morals and Dogma was given to every new member in the Southern Jurisdiction until 1974. The book given to new initiates then became Grand Commander Henry C. Clausen's Clausen's Commentaries On Morals and Dogma (1976), then Rex Hutchens' A Bridge to Light (1988). Following

9350-511: The new university would be in a central part of the new national capital, and he hoped the university would educate the most promising students from across the country while reaping the benefits of its location in Washington, D.C. On December 14, 1799, George Washington passed away at his home in Mount Vernon . Washington included a bequest of his shares in the Potomac Company to establish

9460-490: The newest, District House, which opened in 2016. In late 2007, construction began on a large mixed-use residential, office and retail development located on the site of the old GW Hospital (Square 54) and just east of the Foggy Bottom–GW Metrorail station. It was the second-largest undeveloped lot in the District of Columbia at the time of initial construction activity. In 2014, the university assumed ownership of

9570-710: The property in Foggy Bottom and leases it to various tenants, including the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. Other institutions in proximity include the U.S. State Department , the Kennedy Center , the U.S. Institute of Peace , the Watergate complex , and embassies of Bosnia and Herzegovina , Mexico, Saudi Arabia , Spain, and Uruguay . The University Yard is the main open space and historic heart of

9680-826: The university also operates several other graduate satellite education centers. These include the Alexandria Graduate Education Center in Alexandria, the Graduate Education Center in Arlington , and the Hampton Roads Center in Newport News . The Virginia Science and Technology Campus hosts research and educational partnerships with industry and government officials and offers more than 20 graduate degrees. The Virginia Science and Technology Campus

9790-582: The university could gain more space and valuable land for athletics, such as for the women's soccer team. Now known as the Mount Vernon campus, it is totally integrated into the GW community, serving as a complement to the Foggy Bottom campus. The campus has transportation systems connecting the students to the GW campus in Foggy Bottom. It also includes Eckles Library, six residence halls, Lloyd Gymnasium, The GW-Mount Vernon Athletic Complex and other various campus facilities. The George Washington University also operates

9900-467: The university in 2011 and closed it for renovations two years later. In 1996, the university purchased the Mount Vernon College for Women in the city's Palisades neighborhood that became the school's coeducational Mount Vernon Campus. Initially, the Mount Vernon Campus remained exclusively a women's college until 1999 when GW changed its operations to a co-ed facility. It was purchased so that

10010-543: The university in his last will and testament, though the shares lost their value and no educational institution ever benefited from them. Following his death, his desire was shared and encouraged by U.S. presidents Thomas Jefferson and James Madison , who both expressed the need to carry out Washington's plans. In 1821, the Baptist missionary and leading minister Luther Rice secured funds from James Monroe , John Quincy Adams , John C. Calhoun , and other benefactors for

10120-681: The university libraries of the Washington metropolitan area . The main GW campus consists of 43 acres (170,000 m ) in historic Foggy Bottom and is located a few blocks from the White House , the World Bank , the International Monetary Fund , State Department and the National Mall . Barring a few outlying buildings, the boundaries of campus are delineated by (running clockwise from Washington Circle ) Pennsylvania Avenue , 19th Street, E Street , Virginia Avenue , 24th Street, and New Hampshire Avenue . The university owns much of

10230-540: The university named Ellen Granberg , provost at Rochester Institute of Technology , as the university's new president, with a start date of July 1, 2023. GW has three fully integrated campuses in the Washington, D.C. area: the Foggy Bottom campus, the Mount Vernon campus, and the Virginia Science and Technology campus . The Foggy Bottom Campus houses the vast majority of academic programming. Residence halls exist on

10340-570: The university to serve as Jefferson Davis ' physician, and Robert King Stone stayed in Washington, D.C., serving as physician to Abraham Lincoln . The college was temporarily turned into a Union Army military camp during the Civil War. Poet Walt Whitman worked at this camp while visiting his wounded brother. In 1873, following the Civil War, Columbian College was renamed Columbian University and moved to an urban downtown location centered on 15th and H streets . In 1904, Columbian University

10450-450: The university. Along with George Washington's main library, Gelman Library , it constitutes the hub of the main campus. The seven-story Gelman Library building contains over two million volumes and is constructed in the Brutalist architectural style of the 1970s. It features a concrete façade punctuated by windows that are divided by projecting vertical slabs. For most of the year, parts of

10560-477: The university. The school has a historic building facing the White House on 17th Street. The George Washington School of Business was established in 1928 with a $ 1 million gift by the Supreme Council of Scottish Rite Freemasonry Southern Jurisdiction . On February 6, 2006, the chairman and CEO of FedEx , Frederick W. Smith , opened a new complex for the school called Ric and Dawn Duquès Hall, which today houses

10670-665: The work of the committee. The degrees offered by the Southern Jurisdiction can be divided into four categories: The inspiration for the various degrees are as follows: As of 2017, the topics of the degrees are as follows: or Knight of the Sword, or Knight of the Eagle Knight of the White and Black Eagle East and West The Supreme Council in 1928 made a gift of $ 1 million to the George Washington University in D.C., to fund

10780-578: Was a National Security Archive Freedom of Information Act request that eventually made the Central Intelligence Agency 's so-called " Family Jewels " public. Close to the library is Lisner Auditorium and a large open area between them is known as Kogan Plaza. Southeast of the plaza and located near Monroe Hall and Hall of Government is the Monroe Court, a landscaped area with a large fountain. The Foggy Bottom–GW Washington Metro station

10890-406: Was also a member of the board of trustees. GW is organized into fourteen schools and colleges, each with a different dean and organization. The Columbian College of Arts and Sciences was the original academic unit of the university. The Medical School is the 11th oldest medical school in the nation and the first to open in the District of Columbia. The Law School was also the first law school in

11000-455: Was appointed Deputy Inspector for Arkansas that same year. In 1857 Pike completed his first revision of the 4°-32° ritual and printed 100 copies. This revision, which Mackey dubbed the "Magnum Opus", was never adopted by the Supreme Council. According to Arturo de Hoyos, 33°, the Scottish Rite's Grand Historian, the Magnum Opus became the basis for future ritual revisions. In March 1858, Pike

11110-439: Was compiled by Estienne Morin and is more properly called "The Rite of the Royal Secret", or "Morin's Rite". However, it was known as "The Order of Prince of the Royal Secret" by the founders of the Scottish Rite, who mentioned it in their "Circular throughout the two Hemispheres" or "Manifesto", issued on December 4, 1802. Henry Andrew Francken, a naturalized French subject born as Hendrick Andriese Franken of Dutch origin,

11220-459: Was elected a member of the Supreme Council for the Southern Jurisdiction of the United States, and in January 1859 he became its Grand Commander. The American Civil War interrupted his work on the Scottish Rite rituals. Around 1870, he, and the Supreme Council, moved to Washington, DC. In 1884 his revision of the rituals was complete. Scottish Rite Grand Archivist and Grand Historian de Hoyos created

11330-574: Was founded in Charleston, South Carolina in May 1801 at Shepheard's Tavern at the corner of Broad and Church Streets. Previously, the tavern had been the location of the founding of Freemasonry in South Carolina in 1754. The Founding Fathers of the Scottish Rite who attended became known as "The Eleven Gentlemen of Charleston". They included: In 1813, a member of the Supreme Council established in New York

11440-515: Was founded in 1898, as the School of Comparative Jurisprudence and Diplomacy. Under President Lloyd Elliott, the school separated from Columbian College. On September 3, 2003, alumnus Colin Powell opened a new complex for this school at 1957 E Street NW in front of the Department of State . As of February 2015 , its undergraduate program was ranked eighth globally by Foreign Policy magazine, while

11550-576: Was founded on October 1, 1884, as the Corcoran Scientific School of Columbian University. The school separated from the Columbian College in 1962 and was one of the first to accept women for degree candidacy in engineering. The bazooka was invented at the SEAS in 1942. The school moved into the new Science and Engineering Hall in D.C. in March 2015. The Elliott School of International Affairs (ESIA)

11660-477: Was most important in assisting Morin in spreading the degrees in the New World. Morin appointed him Deputy Grand Inspector General (DGIG) as one of his first acts after returning to the West Indies. Francken worked closely with Morin and, in 1771, produced a manuscript book giving the rituals for the 15th through the 25th degrees. Francken produced at least four such manuscripts. In addition to the 1771 manuscript, there

11770-450: Was named the university's sixteenth president .; he had previously taught at the University of California, Berkeley and was later the provost at Johns Hopkins University . The current President of the George Washington University is Ellen Granberg . Ulysses S. Grant was a member of the Board of Trustees, and his Grandson, Ulysses S. Grant III , was Vice President of GW. John Quincy Adams

11880-535: Was renamed George Washington University following an agreement with the George Washington Memorial Association . In honor of George Washington, funds from the memorial association were donated to construct Lisner Auditorium . In 1912, the university moved its principal operations to the Foggy Bottom neighborhood of Washington, D.C. Many of the colleges of the George Washington University are notable for their age and history. The law school

11990-461: Was revived by Giles Fonda Yates about 1820 or 1821, and came under authority of the Supreme Council, Southern Jurisdiction until 1827. That year it was transferred to the Supreme Council, Northern Jurisdiction. While in New York City, Francken also communicated the degrees to Moses Michael Hays , a Jewish businessman, and appointed him as a Deputy Inspector General. In 1781, Hays made eight Deputy Inspectors General, four of whom were later important in

12100-591: Was short, as the Treaty of Paris (1763) ceded New Orleans to Spain, and the Catholic Spanish crown had been historically hostile to Freemasonry. Documented Masonic activity ceased for a time. It did not return to New Orleans until the late 1790s, when French refugees from the revolution in Saint-Domingue settled in the city. Francken traveled to New York in 1767 where he granted a Patent, dated 26 December 1767, for

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