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18-546: The Museum shows the remains of a Roman vicus (country town) of approximately 2000 inhabitants which existed from the time of the birth of Christ until its destruction by the Alemanni in 275 A.D. Visitors can view the excavated buildings, grounds, roads and culverts. In the adjoining 18th century villa and the reconstructed houses of the vicus important finds from the everyday life of the Roman population are exhibited, found either at

36-426: A mobile unit; once a permanent garrison was established they grew into larger townships. Often the number of official civitates and coloniæ were not enough to settle everyone who wished to live in a town and so vici also attracted a wider range of residents, with some becoming chartered towns where no other existed nearby. Some, such as that at Vercovicium ( Housesteads ), outgrew their forts altogether, especially in

54-551: A museum in Germany is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article about a Saarland building or structure is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Vicus In Ancient Rome , the Latin term vicus (plural vici ) designated a village within a rural area ( pagus ) or the neighbourhood of a larger settlement. During the Republican era ,

72-594: Is now located in the small museum in the cloister of S. Maria della Pace in Massa Martana The site also appears in the ancient Roman itineraries found on the Vicarello cups , and (possibly) in the Tabula Peutingeriana . Another ancient inscription, embedded in the gate of Massa Martana, but discovered nearby, mentions work done on a road by the Roman emperor Hadrian . It is generally assumed that this refers to

90-477: The municipia . Unplanned, and originally lacking any public administrative buildings, vici had no specific legal status (unlike other settlements) and often developed in order to profit from the presence of Roman troops. As with most garrison towns, they provided entertainment and supplies for the troops, but many also developed significant industries, especially metal and glass working. Some vici seem not to have had direct connections to troop placement (e.g.,

108-473: The Vicus Martis Tudertium ). Vici is the term used for the extramural settlements of forts for military units (e.g. alae and cohorts ), while canabae is generally used to describe extramural settlements of the major legionary fortresses, e.g. Eboracum ( York ), Vindobona ( Vienna ), Durostorum ( Silistra , Bulgaria). Initially ephemeral, many vici were transitory sites that followed

126-514: The vicus by lot. Occasionally the officers of the vicomagistri would feature in certain celebrations (primarily the Compitalia ) in which they were accompanied by two lictors . These vici differed from the planned civilian towns ( civitates ), which were laid out as official, local economic and administrative centres, the coloniae , which were settlements of retired troops, or the formal political entities created from existing settlements,

144-429: The 3rd century once soldiers were permitted to marry. Early vici had no civilian administration and were under the direct control of the Roman military commander. Those that attracted significant numbers of Roman citizens were later permitted to form local councils and some, such as the vicus at Eboracum ( York ), grew into regional centres and even provincial capitals. The Latin term, pronounced with an initial 'u',

162-517: The Via Flaminia. Unlike other of the towns and cities on the two branches of the old Roman road, virtually nothing of the vicus lasted to the modern period. Apart from the already noted inscriptions, the only evidence of Roman presence on the site was the building of the church of S. Maria in Pantano, which appears to have been built into the ruins of a Roman-period structure. Other nearby ruins include

180-404: The four regiones of the city of Rome were subdivided into vici . In the 1st century BC, Augustus reorganized the city for administrative purposes into 14 regions , comprising 265 vici . Each vicus had its own board of officials who oversaw local matters. These administrative divisions are recorded as still in effect at least until the mid-4th century. The word " vicus "

198-484: The middle of the Bronze Age . The eastern branch proceeded from Narni to Terni , north to Spoleto , then past Trevi and finally to Foligno , where it merged with the western branch. The site is mentioned by name in several inscriptions, including three now found in the church of S. Maria in Pantano and its bell tower. A fourth was discovered during agricultural work in the fields by the church of S. Maria in Pantano and

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216-639: The settlement itself or in the surrounding area. At the front steps of the villa stand life-size replicas of Roman equestrian statues which were discovered in 1887 in nearby Breitfurt. The originals stood for many years at the entrance of the Historical Museum of the Palatinate in Speyer , but they were removed and placed in the courtyard of the museum under a canopy, since they were heavily weathered due to environmental factors. The early 18th Century (c. 1725) villa

234-514: The site's foundation with the building of the ancient Roman road, the via Flaminia , in 220-219 BC. When the Via Flaminia was built, its western branch proceeded north from Narni (ancient Narnia ), through the Vicus, to Bevagna (ancient Mevania ). This branch of the road courses through a gently rolling upland plain at the foot of the Martani mountain range, an area that had been heavily populated since

252-489: The term became Old High German wih "village", Modern German Weichbild "municipal area", Dutch wijk "quarter, district", Old Frisian wik , Old Saxon wic "village". Vicus Martis Tudertium The Vicus Martis Tudertium is an archaeological site in Umbria , central Italy . It is located c. 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) south of Massa Martana , a small comune in the province of Perugia . Most historians associate

270-414: The viaducts at S. Giovanni de Butris, Ponte Fonnaia and Bastardo , and significant substructures near the train station at Massa Martana Scalo. Excavation now suggests that the site was abandoned in antiquity and subsequently despoiled, with stone material being used at nearby sites, such as the medieval church of San Faustino, in the nearby Villa San Faustino frazione of Massa Martana. Excavation at

288-607: Was adopted into Old English as wic , wick , wich , or wych . It became one of the most widely occurring common placename elements, e.g. Wyck , Hackney Wick , Gatwick , Exwick , Wickham , Aldwych , Dulwich , Ipswich , Norwich , and indirectly York , from Eoforwic via Old Norse Jorvik . In the Brittonic languages, the cognate word is gwig in Welsh and Cornish and guic in Breton; all now meaning "village". In continental languages,

306-453: Was also applied to the smallest administrative unit of a provincial town within the Roman Empire , referring to an ad hoc provincial civilian settlement that sprang up close to and because of a nearby military fort or state-owned mining operation. Each vicus elected four local magistrates ( vicomagistri ) who commanded a sort of local police force chosen from among the people of

324-481: Was designed by Jonas Erikson Sundahl . Besides the Roman exhibits, the villa also contains paintings by Johann Christian von Mannlich and other period painters of the region. The villa has a landscaped garden in the Baroque style , which was created following the excavation of the vicus. 49°16′58″N 7°19′00″E  /  49.28278°N 7.31667°E  / 49.28278; 7.31667 This article about

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