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53-759: Schönbrunn may refer to: Schönbrunn Palace in Vienna, Austria Schönbrunn Station of the Vienna U-Bahn Schönbrunn Zoo in Schönbrunn Palace gardens Schönbrunn (Baden) , a municipality in Rhein-Neckar, Baden-Württemberg, Germany Schönbrunn (Fichtelgebirge) , a village in the Fichtelgebirge mountains in Bavaria, Germany Schönbrunn im Steigerwald ,

106-629: A European power. In 1806, after Napoleon created the Confederation of the Rhine , Francis abdicated as Holy Roman Emperor, which in effect marked the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire. Following the defeat of the Fifth Coalition , Francis ceded more territory to France and was forced to wed his daughter Marie Louise to Napoleon. In 1813, Francis turned against Napoleon and finally defeated him in

159-511: A happy childhood surrounded by his many siblings, his family knew Francis was likely to be a future Emperor (his uncle Joseph had no surviving issue from either of his two marriages), and so in 1784 the young Archduke was sent to the Imperial Court in Vienna to educate and prepare him for his future role. Emperor Joseph II himself took charge of Francis' development. His disciplinarian regime

212-437: A hill, situated between Meidling and Hietzing . The former owner, in 1548, had erected a mansion called Katterburg . The emperor ordered the area to be fenced and put game there such as pheasants , ducks , deer and boar , in order for it to serve as the court's recreational hunting ground. In a small separate part of the area, "exotic" birds such as turkeys and peafowl were kept. Fishponds were also built. During

265-599: A municipality in Bamberg, Bavaria, Germany Schönbrunn, a district of Floß , Bavaria, Germany Schönbrunn, the former German name of the Prussian town Jabłonów , now in Lubusz Voivodeship , in southwestern Poland. [REDACTED] Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles about distinct geographical locations with the same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change

318-511: A secret treaty with the restored French king Louis XVIII . The violent events of the French Revolution impressed themselves deeply into the mind of Francis (as well as all other European monarchs), and he came to distrust radicalism in any form. In 1794, a " Jacobin " conspiracy was discovered in the Austrian and Hungarian armies. The leaders were put on trial, but the verdicts only skirted

371-467: A toll on Leopold and by the winter of 1791, he became ill. He gradually worsened throughout early 1792; on the afternoon of 1 March Leopold died, at the relatively young age of 44. Francis, just past his 24th birthday, was now Emperor, much sooner than he had expected. As the head of the Holy Roman Empire and the ruler of the vast multi-ethnic Habsburg hereditary lands , Francis felt threatened by

424-520: A wealth of experience working with singers and ballet dancers. The Orchestra regularly tours around the world. The gardens and palace have been the location for many films and television productions including such productions as the Sissi trilogy in the 1950s, A Breath of Scandal with Sophia Loren , and also briefly in the Bond movie The Living Daylights when Bond (Timothy Dalton) and Kara are riding through

477-570: Is held on the grounds of Schönbrunn. The Schönbrunn Palace Concerts are served by the Schönbrunn Palace Orchestra. Founded in 1997, it is led by the chief opera conductor Maestro Guido Mancusi since 1998. He also founded Chamber Opera Schönbrunn in the Schönbrunn Palace Concert series. In Vienna, they offer daily concerts at the original location of the world-famous contest between Mozart & Salieri (1786). They have

530-467: Is one of the most important architectural, cultural, and historic monuments in the country. The history of the palace and its vast gardens spans over 300 years, reflecting the changing tastes, interests, and aspirations of successive Habsburg monarchs. It has been a major tourist attraction since the mid-1950s. In 1569, Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian II purchased a large floodplain of the Wien river beneath

583-782: The French Revolutionary Wars , the first of which ended in Austrian defeat and the loss of the left bank of the Rhine to France. After another French victory in the War of the Second Coalition , Napoleon crowned himself Emperor of the French . In response, Francis assumed the title of Emperor of Austria. He continued his leading role as Napoleon's adversary in the Napoleonic Wars , and suffered successive defeats that greatly weakened Austria as

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636-469: The French revolutionaries and later Napoleon's expansionism as well as their social and political reforms which were being exported throughout Europe in the wake of the conquering French armies. Francis had a fraught relationship with France. His aunt Marie Antoinette , the wife of Louis XVI and Queen consort of France, was guillotined by the revolutionaries in 1793, at the beginning of his reign, although, on

689-561: The Great Parterre . In 1695, Jean Trehet, a disciple of André Le Nôtre , planned the French garden . The complex includes many noteworthy staple luxuries of European palaces of the time, including the Tiergarten , an orangerie erected around 1755, and a palm house (replacing, by 1882, around ten earlier and smaller glass houses in the western part of the park). The area called Meidlinger Vertiefung (Engl.: depression of Meidling ) to

742-607: The Holy Alliance , ushering in an era of conservatism in Europe. The German Confederation , a loose association of Central European states was created by the Congress of Vienna in 1815 to organize the surviving states of the Holy Roman Empire. The Congress was a personal triumph for Francis, who hosted the assorted dignitaries in comfort, though Francis undermined his allies Tsar Alexander and Frederick William III of Prussia by negotiating

795-643: The Imperial Diet their intention to leave the Empire with immediate effect. Then, on 22 July, Napoleon issued an ultimatum to Francis demanding that he abdicate as Holy Roman Emperor by 10 August. Five days later, Francis bowed to the inevitable and, without mentioning the ultimatum, affirmed that since the Peace of Pressburg he had tried his best to fulfil his duties as emperor but that circumstances had convinced him that he could no longer rule according to his oath of office,

848-550: The Kingdom of Prussia . In 1813, for the fifth and final time, Austria turned against France and joined Great Britain , Russia , Prussia and Sweden in their war against Napoleon . Austria played a major role in the final defeat of France—in recognition of this, Francis, represented by Clemens von Metternich , presided over the Congress of Vienna , helping to form the Concert of Europe and

901-644: The Kuroshitsuji episode 2: His Butler, Omnipotent, Sebastian Michaelis tells his master that he was a guest at the Schönbrunn Palace soirees before his contract was sealed with Ciel as he teaches the young master how to dance. Dutch violinist André Rieu and the Johann Strauss Orchestra , along with the Opera Babes used it as the backdrop for a version of the European Anthem , "Ode to Joy" in 2003. In

954-648: The Peninsular War embroiling Napoleon in Spain . He was again defeated, and this time forced to ally himself with Napoleon, ceding territory to the Empire, joining the Continental System , and wedding his daughter Marie-Louise to the Emperor. The Napoleonic Wars drastically weakened Austria, making it entirely landlocked and threatened its preeminence among the states of Germany, a position that it would eventually cede to

1007-574: The Wagenburg , and the Schoenbrunn Palace Concerts accounted for more than five million visitors in 2009. At the official website tickets can be purchased in advance for tours. In addition to tours and tour packages, many classical concerts featuring the music of Mozart and his contemporaries can be enjoyed with the added benefit of more time in the spectacular halls, Orangerie, or Schlosstheater . The annual Summer Night Concert Schönbrunn

1060-469: The War of the Second Coalition . On 11 August 1804, in response to Napoleon crowning himself as emperor of the French earlier that year, he announced that he would henceforth assume the title of hereditary emperor of Austria as Francis I, a move that technically was illegal in terms of imperial law. Yet Napoleon had agreed beforehand and therefore it happened. During the War of the Third Coalition ,

1113-513: The War of the Sixth Coalition , forcing the French emperor to abdicate. Austria took part as a leading member of the Holy Alliance at the Congress of Vienna , which was largely dominated by Francis' chancellor Klemens von Metternich , culminating in a new European order and the restoration of most of Francis' ancient dominions. Due to the establishment of the Concert of Europe , which resisted popular nationalist and liberal tendencies, Francis

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1166-470: The Austrian forces met a crushing defeat at Austerlitz , and Francis had to agree to the Treaty of Pressburg , which greatly weakened Austria and brought about the final collapse of the Holy Roman Empire . In July 1806, under massive pressure from France, Bavaria and fifteen other German states ratified the statutes founding the Confederation of the Rhine , with Napoleon designated Protector, and they announced to

1219-993: The First By the Grace of God Emperor of Austria , King of Hungary , Bohemia , Lombardy–Venetia , Dalmatia , Croatia , Slavonia , Galicia , Lodomeria and Illyria ; King of Jerusalem , etc.; Archduke of Austria ; Grand Duke of Tuscany ; Duke of Lorraine , Salzburg , Styria , Carinthia , Carniola and Bukovina ; Grand Prince of Transylvania , Margrave of Moravia ; Duke of Upper and Lower Silesia , of Modena , Parma , Piacenza and Guastalla , of Auschwitz and Zator , of Teschen , Friaul , Ragusa and Zara ; Princely Count of Habsburg and Tyrol , of Kyburg , Gorizia and Gradisca ; Prince of Trento and Brixen ; Margrave of Upper and Lower Lusatia and in Istria ; Count of Hohenems , Feldkirch , Bregenz , Sonnenberg etc.; Lord of Trieste , of Cattaro and on

1272-577: The Republic of Austria. The company conducts preservation and restoration of all palace properties without state subsidies. UNESCO catalogued Schönbrunn Palace on the World Heritage List in 1996, together with its gardens, as a remarkable Baroque ensemble and example of synthesis of the arts ( Gesamtkunstwerk ). The sculpted garden space between the palace and the Neptune Fountain is called

1325-581: The Schönbrunn Palace during the Season 2 episode The Glass Slipper Ball , featuring the orange fish based on two clownfish , Marlin and Nemo from the 2003 Disney/ Pixar animated film Finding Nemo and the painting by Andy Warhol and the music The Blue Danube Waltz by Johann Strauss II , based on the 1950 Disney animated fairy tale film , the title character and the book Cinderella by Charles Perrault which first aired in January 2007. The palace

1378-521: The army during the Napoleonic wars. Yet, distrustful of allowing any individual too much power, he otherwise maintained the separation of command functions between the Hofkriegsrat and his field commanders. In the later years of his reign he limited military spending, requiring it not exceed forty million florins per year; because of inflation this resulted in inadequate funding, with the army's share of

1431-465: The budget shrinking from half in 1817 to only twenty-three percent in 1830. Francis presented himself as an open and approachable monarch (he regularly set aside two mornings each week to meet with his imperial subjects, regardless of status, by appointment in his office, even speaking to them in their own language), but his will was sovereign. In 1804, he had no compunction about announcing that through his authority as Holy Roman Emperor, he declared he

1484-501: The builders to recycle "otherwise useless stone" which was left from the near demolition of Schloss Neugebäude . Originally known as the Ruin of Carthage, the Roman Ruin is a set of follies that was designed by the architect Johann Ferdinand Hetzendorf von Hohenberg, and erected as an entirely new architectural feature in 1778. The fashion for picturesque ruins that became widespread with

1537-581: The conditions) Francis was from his experiences suspicious and set up an extensive network of police spies and censors to monitor dissent (in this he was following his father's lead, as the Grand Duchy of Tuscany had the most effective secret police in Europe). Even his family did not escape attention. His brothers, the Archdukes Charles and Johann had their meetings and activities spied upon. Censorship

1590-738: The downfall of the Habsburg monarchy in November 1918, the palace became the property of the newly founded Austrian Republic and was preserved as a museum. After World War II and during the Allied Occupation of Austria (1945—55), Schönbrunn Palace was requisitioned to provide office space for both the British Delegation to the Allied Commission for Austria , and for the headquarters for the small British Military Garrison present in Vienna. With

1643-616: The formation of the Confederation of the Rhine making that impossible. He added that "we hereby decree that we regard the bond which until now tied us to the states of the Empire as dissolved" in effect dissolving the empire. At the same time he declared the complete and formal withdrawal of his hereditary lands from imperial jurisdiction. After that date, he reigned as Francis I, Emperor of Austria. In 1809, Francis, deeming another war with France as inevitable and influenced by hawks in Vienna, attacked France again, hoping to take advantage of

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1696-699: The last Holy Roman Emperor as Francis II from 1792 to 1806, and the first Emperor of Austria as Francis I from 1804 to 1835. He was also King of Hungary , Croatia and Bohemia , and served as the first president of the German Confederation following its establishment in 1815. The eldest son of future Emperor Leopold II and Maria Luisa of Spain , Francis was born in Florence , where his father ruled as Grand Duke of Tuscany . Leopold became Holy Roman Emperor in 1790 but died two years later, and Francis succeeded him. His empire immediately became embroiled in

1749-417: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schönbrunn&oldid=1232131867 " Category : Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Sch%C3%B6nbrunn Palace The 1,441-room Baroque palace

1802-520: The music lives on as the German national anthem " Deutschlandlied ". On 2 March 1835, 43 years and a day after his father's death, Francis died in Vienna of a sudden fever aged 67, in the presence of many of his family and with all the religious comforts. His funeral was magnificent, with his Viennese subjects respectfully filing past his coffin in the court chapel of the Hofburg palace for three days. Francis

1855-609: The next century, the area was used as a hunting and recreation ground. Eleonora Gonzaga , who loved hunting, spent much time there and was bequeathed the area as her widow's residence after the death of her husband, Ferdinand II . From 1638 to 1643, she added a palace to the Katterburg mansion, while in 1642 came the first mention of the name "Schönbrunn" on an invoice. The origins of the Schönbrunn orangery seem to go back to Eleonora Gonzaga as well. The Schönbrunn Palace in its present form

1908-628: The outmost western edge, a botanical garden going back to an earlier arboretum was re-arranged in 1828, when the Old Palm House was built. The garden axis points towards a 60-metre-high (200 ft) hill, which since 1775 has been crowned by the Gloriette structure. Maria Theresa decided the Gloriette should be designed to glorify Habsburg power and the Just War (a war that would be carried out of "necessity" and lead to peace), and thereby ordered

1961-444: The palace garden; the palace is also seen during the end credits. The comedy The Great Race was filmed there in 1965. Jackie Chan shot scenes for Armour of God on the grounds. More recently, the television drama The Crown Prince starring Max von Thun as Crown Prince Rudolf and Klaus Maria Brandauer as Kaiser Franz-Josef was filmed there. The Austrian television series, Kommissar Rex has shot several episodes there. In

2014-416: The perimeter of the conspiracy. Francis' brother Alexander Leopold (at that time Palatine of Hungary ) wrote to the Emperor admitting "Although we have caught a lot of the culprits, we have not really got to the bottom of this business yet." Nonetheless, two officers heavily implicated in the conspiracy were hanged and gibbeted , while numerous others were sentenced to imprisonment (many of whom died from

2067-505: The reestablishment of the Austrian republic in 1955, the palace once again became a museum. It is still sometimes used for important events such as the meeting between U.S. President John F. Kennedy and Soviet premier Nikita Khrushchev in 1961. Since 1992, the palace and gardens have been owned and administered by the Schloss Schönbrunn Kultur-und Betriebsges.m.b.H. , a limited-liability company wholly owned by

2120-604: The rise of the Romantic movement soon after the middle of the 18th century symbolized both the decline of once great powers and the preservation of the remains of a heroic past. The Roman Ruin consists of a rectangular pool enclosed by a massive arch with lateral walls, evoking the impression of an ancient edifice slowly crumbling into the ground. Schönbrunn is Vienna's most popular tourist destination, which has been attended by 3,800,000 visitors in 2017. The whole Schönbrunn complex with Tiergarten Schönbrunn , Palmenhaus , Wüstenhaus ,

2173-452: The third leg of The Amazing Race 4 , the palace hosted a Fast Forward task where one team had to carry trays of champagne glasses across a ballroom floor of waltzing couples. In the sixth leg of The Amazing Race 23 , teams had to race through the garden's maze and search for the Pit Stop located at the Gloriette . The Disney animated TV show series Little Einsteins featured

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2226-503: The west of the castle was turned into a play area and drill ground for the children of the Habsburgs in the 19th century. At this time it was common to use parks for the military education of young princes. Whereas the miniature bastion, which was built for this purpose, does not exist anymore, the garden pavilion that was used as shelter still does. It was turned into a café in 1927 and is known as Landtmann's Jausen Station since 2013. At

2279-566: The whole, he was indifferent to her fate. Later, he led the Holy Roman Empire into the French Revolutionary Wars . He briefly commanded the Allied forces during the Flanders Campaign of 1794 before handing over command to his brother Archduke Charles . He was later defeated by Napoleon. By the Treaty of Campo Formio , he ceded the left bank of the Rhine to France in exchange for Venice and Dalmatia . He again fought against France during

2332-406: Was a stark contrast to the indulgent Florentine Court of Leopold. The Emperor wrote that Francis was "stunted in growth", "backward in bodily dexterity and deportment", and "neither more nor less than a spoiled mother's child." Joseph concluded that "the manner in which he was treated for upwards of sixteen years could not but have confirmed him in the delusion that the preservation of his own person

2385-480: Was also prevalent. The author Franz Grillparzer , a Habsburg patriot, had one play suppressed solely as a "precautionary" measure. When Grillparzer met the censor responsible, he asked him what was objectionable about the work. The censor replied, "Oh, nothing at all. But I thought to myself, 'One can never tell'." In military affairs Francis had allowed his brother, the Archduke Charles , extensive control over

2438-434: Was built and remodelled during the 1740–50s during the reign of empress Maria Theresa who received the estate as a wedding gift. Franz I commissioned the redecoration of the palace exterior in the neoclassical style as it appears today. Franz Joseph , the longest-reigning Emperor of Austria , was born at Schönbrunn and spent a great deal of his life there. He died there, at the age of 86, on 21 November 1916. Following

2491-491: Was interred in the traditional resting place of Habsburg monarchs, the Imperial Crypt in Vienna's Neue Markt Square. He is buried in tomb number 57, surrounded by tombs of his four wives. Francis passed on a main point in the political testament he left for his son and heir Ferdinand : to "preserve unity in the family and regard it as one of the highest goods." In many portraits (particularly those painted by Peter Fendi ) he

2544-586: Was now Emperor of Austria (at the time a geographical term that had little resonance). Two years later, Francis personally wound up the moribund Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation. Both actions were of dubious constitutional legality. To increase patriotic sentiment during the war with France, the anthem " Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser " was composed in 1797 to be sung as the Kaiserhymne to music by Joseph Haydn . The lyrics were adapted for later Emperors and

2597-521: Was portrayed as the patriarch of a loving family, surrounded by his children and grandchildren. Francis II married four times: From his first wife Elisabeth of Württemberg , one daughter, who died in infancy, and his second wife Maria Teresa of the Two Sicilies , eight daughters and four sons, of whom five died in infancy or childhood: From 1806 he used the grand title of the emperor of Austria : His Imperial and Royal Apostolic Majesty, Francis

2650-400: Was selected as the main motif of a high value commemorative coin: the Austrian 10- euro The Palace of Schönbrunn silver coin , minted on 8 October 2003. The obverse shows the central part of the frontage of the palace behind one of the great fountains in the open space. Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor Francis II and I ( German : Franz II. ; 12 February 1768 – 2 March 1835) was

2703-581: Was sent to join an army regiment in Hungary and he settled easily into the routine of military life. He was present at the siege of Belgrade which occurred during the Austro-Turkish War . After the death of Joseph II in 1790, Francis' father became Emperor. He had an early taste of power while acting as Leopold's deputy in Vienna while the incoming Emperor traversed the Empire attempting to win back those alienated by his brother's policies. The strain took

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2756-422: Was the only thing of importance." Joseph's martinet method of improving the young Francis was "fear and unpleasantness." The young Archduke was isolated, the reasoning being that this would make him more self-sufficient as it was felt by Joseph that Francis "failed to lead himself, to do his own thinking." Nonetheless, Francis greatly admired his uncle, if rather in fear of him. To complete his training, Francis

2809-405: Was viewed as a reactionary later in his reign. Francis died in 1835 at the age of 67 and was succeeded by his son, Ferdinand I . Francis was a son of Emperor Leopold II (1747–1792) and his wife Maria Luisa of Spain (1745–1792), daughter of Charles III of Spain . Francis was born in Florence , the capital of Tuscany , where his father reigned as Grand Duke from 1765 to 1790. Though he had

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