Schöftland is a municipality in the district of Kulm in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland .
51-412: Schöftland has an area, as of 2009, of 6.28 square kilometers (2.42 sq mi). Of this area, 2.21 square kilometers (0.85 sq mi) or 35.2% is used for agricultural purposes, while 2.48 square kilometers (0.96 sq mi) or 39.5% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 1.49 square kilometers (0.58 sq mi) or 23.7% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.02 km (4.9 acres) or 0.3%
102-491: A Fachhochschule ). Of the school age population (in the 2008/2009 school year), there are 228 students attending primary school , there are 166 students attending secondary school, there are 230 students attending tertiary or university level schooling in the municipality. The castle at Bahnhofstrasse 5 is listed as a Swiss heritage site of national significance . As of 2007, Schöftland had an unemployment rate of 1.72%. As of 2005, there were 59 people employed in
153-432: A blazon is a formal description of a coat of arms , flag or similar emblem , from which the reader can reconstruct the appropriate image. The verb to blazon means to create such a description. The visual depiction of a coat of arms or flag has traditionally had considerable latitude in design, but a verbal blazon specifies the essentially distinctive elements. A coat of arms or flag is therefore primarily defined not by
204-455: A Crown proper with bands Azure (for Fiume ); over all an escutcheon Barry of eight Gules and Argent impaling Gules on a Mount Vert a Crown Or issuant therefrom a double-Cross Argent (for Hungary ) . The field of a shield in heraldry can be divided into more than one tincture , as can the various heraldic charges . Many coats of arms consist simply of a division of the field into two contrasting tinctures. These are considered divisions of
255-458: A French or an anglicised form: for example, a cross pattée or a cross patty ; a cross fitchée or a cross fitchy . In modern English blazons, the anglicised form tends to be preferred. Where the French form is used, a problem may arise as to the appropriate adjectival ending, determined in normal French usage by gender and number. "To describe two hands as appaumées , because the word main
306-622: A Marten proper beneath a six-pointed star Or (for Slavonia ); IV. per Fess Azure and Or over all a Bar Gules in the Chief a demi-Eagle Sable displayed addextré of the Sun-in-splendour and senestré of a Crescent Argent in the Base seven Towers three and four Gules (for Transylvania ); enté en point Gules a double-headed Eagle proper on a Peninsula Vert holding a Vase pouring Water into the Sea Argent beneath
357-412: A committee requesting a concession for two railway lines, from Aarau via Oberkulm to Reinach , and from Beinwil am See via Reinach to Menziken . Both were planned as standard gauge lines operated with steam engines. A year later the project was granted by the authorities of the canton Aargau, but was not executed, mainly due to disagreements over the exact line through the narrow valley. Eventually
408-447: A complex coat of arms. Other armorial objects and devices – such as badges , banners , and seals – may also be described in blazon. The noun and verb blazon (referring to a verbal description) are not to be confused with the noun emblazonment , or the verb to emblazon , both of which relate to the graphic representation of a coat of arms or heraldic device. The word blazon is derived from French blason , ' shield ' . It
459-453: A long distance and could be easily remembered. They therefore served the main purpose of heraldry: identification. As more complicated shields came into use, these bold shapes were set apart in a separate class as the "honorable ordinaries". They act as charges and are always written first in blazon. Unless otherwise specified they extend to the edges of the field. Though ordinaries are not easily defined, they are generally described as including
510-478: A pattern of vertical (palewise) stripes is called paly . A pattern of diagonal stripes may be called bendy or bendy sinister , depending on the direction of the stripes. Other variations include chevrony , gyronny and chequy . Wave shaped stripes are termed undy . For further variations, these are sometimes combined to produce patterns of barry-bendy , paly-bendy , lozengy and fusilly . Semés, or patterns of repeated charges, are also considered variations of
561-497: A picture but rather by the wording of its blazon (though in modern usage flags are often additionally and more precisely defined using geometrical specifications). Blazon is also the specialized language in which a blazon is written, and, as a verb, the act of writing such a description. Blazonry is the art, craft or practice of creating a blazon. The language employed in blazonry has its own vocabulary , grammar and syntax , which becomes essential for comprehension when blazoning
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#1733094379181612-459: A shield, so the rule of tincture can be ignored. For example, a shield divided azure and gules would be perfectly acceptable. A line of partition may be straight or it may be varied. The variations of partition lines can be wavy, indented, embattled, engrailed, nebuly , or made into myriad other forms; see Line (heraldry) . In the early days of heraldry, very simple bold rectilinear shapes were painted on shields. These could be easily recognized at
663-731: A total of 33 empty apartments for a 2.0% vacancy rate. As of 2007, the construction rate of new housing units was 9.1 new units per 1000 residents. In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SVP which received 37.5% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SP (17.2%), the FDP (16.2%) and the Green Party (7.5%). In Schöftland about 69.8% of the population (between age 25-64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or
714-578: A tramway. A company by the name of the Aarau-Schöftland Railway (AS) was created to operate the new line, and Brown, Boveri & Cie ( BBC ) received the license and soon thereafter the construction works began. The line started operation on November 19, 1901. The planned extension of the AS from Schöftland to Triengen (connecting to the Sursee-Triengen-Bahn ) was never realized. Meanwhile,
765-677: Is a metre gauge railway line in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland . It provides a through service, in the form of an inverted 'V', from Schöftland to Menziken via Aarau . The two parts of the V were built separately, with the Aarau–Menziken railway line running through the Wynental , and the Aarau–Schöftland railway line running through the Suhrental . The line is owned and operated by
816-689: Is any object or figure placed on a heraldic shield or on any other object of an armorial composition. Any object found in nature or technology may appear as a heraldic charge in armory. Charges can be animals, objects, or geometric shapes. Apart from the ordinaries, the most frequent charges are the cross – with its hundreds of variations – and the lion and eagle . Other common animals are stags , wild boars , martlets , and fish . Dragons , bats , unicorns , griffins , and more exotic monsters appear as charges and as supporters . Animals are found in various stereotyped positions or attitudes . Quadrupeds can often be found rampant (standing on
867-402: Is either rivers or lakes. Of the built up area, industrial buildings made up 1.4% of the total area while housing and buildings made up 12.4% and transportation infrastructure made up 4.9%. Power and water infrastructure as well as other special developed areas made up 3.2% of the area while parks, green belts and sports fields made up 1.8%. 38.7% of the total land area is heavily forested. Of
918-655: Is feminine in French, savours somewhat of pedantry. A person may be a good armorist, and a tolerable French scholar, and still be uncertain whether an escallop-shell covered with bezants should be blazoned as bezanté or bezantée". The usual convention in English heraldry is to adhere to the feminine singular form, for example: a chief undée and a saltire undée , even though the French nouns chef and sautoir are in fact masculine. Efforts have been made to ignore grammatical correctness, for example by J. E. Cussans , who suggested that all French adjectives should be expressed in
969-538: Is found in English by the end of the 14th century. Formerly, heraldic authorities believed that the word was related to the German verb blasen ' to blow (a horn) ' . Present-day lexicographers reject this theory as conjectural and disproved. Blazon is generally designed to eliminate ambiguity of interpretation, to be as concise as possible, and to avoid repetition and extraneous punctuation. English antiquarian Charles Boutell stated in 1864: Heraldic language
1020-401: Is four, but the principle has been extended to very large numbers of "quarters". The third common mode of marshalling is with an inescutcheon , a small shield placed in front of the main shield. The field of a shield, or less often a charge or crest, is sometimes made up of a pattern of colours, or variation . A pattern of horizontal (barwise) stripes, for example, is called barry , while
1071-521: Is most concise, and it is always minutely exact, definite, and explicit; all unnecessary words are omitted, and all repetitions are carefully avoided; and, at the same time, every detail is specified with absolute precision. The nomenclature is equally significant, and its aim is to combine definitive exactness with a brevity that is indeed laconic . However, John Brooke-Little , Norroy and Ulster King of Arms , wrote in 1985: "Although there are certain conventions as to how arms shall be blazoned ... many of
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#17330943791811122-575: The Aargau Verkehr company, which also operates the Bremgarten–Dietikon railway line and a number of bus services. Until 2012, there used to be a limited freight service in the Wynental, mainly to the metal works of Alu Menziken, but today the line's sole usage is for passenger services, which are operated as Aargau S-Bahn route S14 . In 1871, several municipalities in the Wynental founded
1173-473: The canton , the label , and flaunches . Ordinaries may appear in parallel series, in which case blazons in English give them different names such as pallets, bars, bendlets, and chevronels. French blazon makes no such distinction between these diminutives and the ordinaries when borne singly. Unless otherwise specified an ordinary is drawn with straight lines, but each may be indented, embattled, wavy, engrailed, or otherwise have their lines varied. A charge
1224-528: The coat of arms of Nunavut , for which a round shield is specified). The main conventions of blazon are as follows: Because heraldry developed at a time when English clerks wrote in Anglo-Norman French , many terms in English heraldry are of French origin. Some of the details of the syntax of blazon also follow French practice: thus, adjectives are normally placed after nouns rather than before. A number of heraldic adjectives may be given in either
1275-409: The cross , the fess , the pale , the bend , the chevron , the saltire , and the pall . There is a separate class of charges called sub-ordinaries which are of a geometrical shape subordinate to the ordinary. According to Friar, they are distinguished by their order in blazon. The sub-ordinaries include the inescutcheon , the orle , the tressure, the double tressure, the bordure , the chief ,
1326-432: The primary economic sector and about 14 businesses involved in this sector. 377 people are employed in the secondary sector and there are 47 businesses in this sector. 865 people are employed in the tertiary sector , with 142 businesses in this sector. In 2000 there were 1,613 workers who lived in the municipality. Of these, 1,132 or about 70.2% of the residents worked outside Schöftland while 792 people commuted into
1377-560: The WSB line is now using a part of the track of the abandoned SBB line Beinwil am See - Beromünster ( Seetalbahn ). The Suhrental branch first leads to a short tunnel, then follows the main road via Unterentfelden, Oberentfelden, Muhen, Hirschthal to Schöftland. At Oberentfelden, the WSB line crosses the SBB line Lenzburg-Zofingen on a level crossing. Also in Oberentfelden, there is still a small part on
1428-607: The Wynental municipalities also came to the conclusion that a narrow-gauge electric tram would be more economic. A company by the name of the Wynental Railway (WTB) was created to operate the new line and in January 1903 construction works were started. The opening of the Wynentalbahn (WTB) between Aarau and Reinach was on March 5, 1904, the extension to Menziken followed a few weeks later on 1 May. Both lines had their starting point in
1479-424: The agricultural land, 18.9% is used for growing crops and 15.0% is pastures, while 1.3% is used for orchards or vine crops. All the water in the municipality is in rivers and streams. The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Or a Saltire Gules. Schöftland has a population (as of December 2020) of 4,468 As of June 2009, 14.5% of the population are foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (1997–2007)
1530-495: The arms small and inconspicuous marks called brisures , similar to charges but smaller. They are placed on the fess-point , or in-chief in the case of the label. Brisures are generally exempt from the rule of tincture . One of the best examples of usage from the medieval period is shown on the seven Beauchamp cadets in the stained-glass windows of St Mary's Church , Warwick. Aarau%E2%80%93Sch%C3%B6ftland railway line The Schöftland–Aarau–Menziken railway line
1581-496: The canton of Aargau. Both branches begin in Aarau south of the SBB railway station. There is a separate station called Aarau WSB with an own station building and three passenger tracks. The Wynental branch runs on the track of the former Swiss National Railway between Aarau and Suhr and underpasses the SBB railway line Lenzburg-Zofingen just before the station Suhr . It then follows
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1632-566: The cantonal capital at Aarau , and stops at Schöftland and Schöftland Nordweg stations within the municipality, From the 2000 census, 784 or 24.0% were Roman Catholic , while 1,821 or 55.7% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church . Of the rest of the population, there were 2 individuals (or about 0.06% of the population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic faith. Blazon In heraldry and heraldic vexillology ,
1683-420: The fact that its two lines were not physically connected and the impact on services caused by increasing motor traffic interfering with its still largely street running tracks. The first step to address these came in 1967, when the former AS branch relocated from its city centre street track into a 260-metre (850 ft) tunnel leading to the former WTB station on the south side of the SBB station. Elsewhere on
1734-414: The field per pale and putting one whole coat in each half. Impalement replaced the earlier dimidiation – combining the dexter half of one coat with the sinister half of another – because dimidiation can create ambiguity. A more versatile method is quartering , division of the field by both vertical and horizontal lines. As the name implies, the usual number of divisions
1785-405: The field. The Rule of tincture applies to all semés and variations of the field. Cadency is any systematic way to distinguish arms displayed by descendants of the holder of a coat of arms when those family members have not been granted arms in their own right. Cadency is necessary in heraldic systems in which a given design may be owned by only one person at any time, generally the head of
1836-447: The household, 621 homes with 3 or 4 persons in the household, and 505 homes with 5 or more persons in the household. The average number of people per household was 2.43 individuals. As of 2000, there were 1,299 private households (homes and apartments) in the municipality, and an average of 2.4 persons per household. In 2008 there were 620 single family homes (or 36.6% of the total) out of a total of 1,692 homes and apartments. There were
1887-409: The left hind foot). Another frequent position is passant , or walking, like the lions of the coat of arms of England . Eagles are almost always shown with their wings spread, or displayed. A pair of wings conjoined is called a vol . In English heraldry the crescent , mullet , martlet , annulet , fleur-de-lis , and rose may be added to a shield to distinguish cadet branches of a family from
1938-513: The line through the Suhrental, was diverted away from the road. Between 2008 and 2010, the section of the Wynental line between Aarau and Suhr , which ran in the Kantonsstrasse K 242, was closed. It was replaced by a new route between the two places, operating on the right of way of the closed SBB standard gauge branch that roughly paralleled the former route . As part of this work, a new underpass
1989-523: The line, steps were taken to move the tracks away from the main roads. In the villages however, space was often limited, so the railway line had to be separated from the road completely. A main step was the complete change of the route in Gränichen , on the line through the Wynental, in 1985. Nevertheless, there were still many long stretches with tramway-like characteristics, in particular in Reinach and Menziken in
2040-426: The main road to Gränichen. In the village of Gränichen the WSB line runs about 100 meters away of the road - in earlier years the line was even on the road, which consistently lead to conflicts with the motor traffic. Further on, the line again follows the main road until Oberkulm, then separately to Gontenschwil and Zetzwil, again next to the main road until Reinach. Between Reinach and Menziken (the terminal station),
2091-496: The masculine singular, without regard to the gender and number of the nouns they qualify, thus a chief undé and a saltire undé . Full descriptions of shields range in complexity, from a single word to a convoluted series describing compound shields: Quarterly I. Azure three Lions' Heads affronté Crowned Or (for Dalmatia ); II. chequy Argent and Gules (for Croatia ); III. Azure a River in Fess Gules bordered Argent thereon
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2142-468: The municipality for work. There were a total of 1,273 jobs (of at least 6 hours per week) in the municipality. Of the working population, 13.4% used public transportation to get to work, and 52.4% used a private car. Schöftland is served by the Aarau–Schöftland railway line , operated by Aargau Verkehr , which carries service S14 of the Aargau S-Bahn . This provides a fifteen minute interval service to
2193-500: The population are between 20 and 29 years old. 463 people or 12.8% are between 30 and 39, 592 people or 16.4% are between 40 and 49, and 482 people or 13.4% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 353 people or 9.8% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 273 people or 7.6% are between 70 and 79, there are 184 people or 5.1% who are between 80 and 89, and there are 31 people or 0.9% who are 90 and older. As of 2000, there were 120 homes with 1 or 2 persons in
2244-461: The population has changed at a rate of 11.4%. Most of the population (as of 2000) speaks German (89.5%), with Italian being second most common ( 3.7%) and Albanian being third ( 3.0%). The age distribution, as of 2008, in Schöftland is; 332 children or 9.2% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 470 teenagers or 13.0% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 430 people or 11.9% of
2295-457: The section between Beinwil am See and Menziken was built and opened in 1883 by the Seetal Railway (now SBB). Later on, this route was extended to Münster (today's Beromünster ). In the Suhrental too, there were thoughts about constructing a railway. Here, however, from the beginning on, a narrow gauge electrically powered line was planned, in the largest part of the route to be operated as
2346-500: The senior line of a particular family. As an armiger 's arms may be used "by courtesy", either by children or spouses, while they are still living, some form of differencing may be required so as not to confuse them with the original undifferenced or "plain coat" arms. Historically, arms were only heritable by males and therefore cadency marks had no relevance to daughters; in the modern era, Canadian and Irish heraldry include daughters in cadency. These differences are formed by adding to
2397-417: The senior line. These cadency marks are usually shown smaller than normal charges, but it still does not follow that a shield containing such a charge belongs to a cadet branch. All of these charges occur frequently in basic undifferenced coats of arms. To marshal two or more coats of arms is to combine them in one shield. This can be done in a number of ways, of which the simplest is impalement : dividing
2448-553: The street on the north side of SBB's Aarau railway station . In 1924, the WTB opened its own station south of the SBB railway lines, whilst the AS continued running through the city streets to its stop on the north of the SBB station, thus meaning that the direct connection between WTB and AS was lost. On 24 June 1958 the AS and WTB companies were merged to form the Wynental- und Suhrentalbahn (WSB) company. The new company faced two challenges;
2499-435: The supposedly hard and fast rules laid down in heraldic manuals [including those by heralds] are often ignored." A given coat of arms may be drawn in many different ways, all considered equivalent and faithful to the blazon, just as the letter "A" may be printed in many different fonts while still being the same letter. For example, the shape of the escutcheon is almost always immaterial, with very limited exceptions (e.g.,
2550-404: The upper Wynental. In 1991, passenger traffic on the SBB line from Beinwil am See to Beromünster was abandoned, and plans were set for the relocation of the WSB route to the now vacant SBB route. The adaptation work started in 1999 after the cessation of freight traffic. The new section Reinach Nord - Menziken was finally opened on 15 December 2002. On 5 December 2004, the line through Muhen , on
2601-418: Was constructed to take the narrow gauge line under the SBB's Zofingen to Wettingen line and new platforms built at Suhr station providing direct interchange between the two lines. This section was operational on 22 November 2010. On 19 June 2018, operation of the line was taken over by Aargau Verkehr AG (AVA), a company formed by the merger of the WSB with BDWM Transport , another narrow-gauge railway in
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