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101-593: In the year 2500, Earth has been taken over and covered in darkness by a race known as the Neo-Descal. The remaining members of the human resistance send their trump card weapons, the three Meteor God warships to the past to try to change the future by stopping Neo-Descal in 2005, when their attacks began. Along with the Meteor God warships comes Ad, captain of the Adle Eagle squad and his right-hand man, Gordo, Kane, captain of

202-500: A bolt 768 km (477.2 mi) long was observed in the southern U.S.—sixty km (37 mi) longer than the previous distance record (southern Brazil, October 31, 2018). A single flash in Uruguay and northern Argentina on June 18, 2020, lasted for 17.1 seconds—0.37 seconds longer than the previous record (March 4, 2019, also in northern Argentina). In order for an electrostatic discharge to occur, two preconditions are necessary: first,

303-545: A brilliant, blue-white color. Once the electric current stops flowing, the channel cools and dissipates over tens or hundreds of milliseconds, often disappearing as fragmented patches of glowing gas. The nearly instantaneous heating during the return stroke causes the air to expand explosively, producing a powerful shock wave which is heard as thunder . High-speed videos (examined frame-by-frame) show that most negative CG lightning flashes are made up of 3 or 4 individual strokes, though there may be as many as 30. Each re-strike

404-544: A certain degree, the proportions of intra-cloud, cloud-to-cloud, and cloud-to-ground lightning may also vary by season in middle latitudes . Because human beings are terrestrial and most of their possessions are on the Earth where lightning can damage or destroy them, cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning is the most studied and best understood of the three types, even though in-cloud (IC) and cloud-to-cloud (CC) are more common types of lightning. Lightning's relative unpredictability limits

505-456: A complete explanation of how or why it occurs, even after hundreds of years of scientific investigation. About 70% of lightning occurs over land in the tropics where atmospheric convection is the greatest. This occurs from both the mixture of warmer and colder air masses , as well as differences in moisture concentrations, and it generally happens at the boundaries between them . The flow of warm ocean currents past drier land masses, such as

606-410: A conductive portion of the main leader network, a return stroke-like process occurs and a dart leader travels across all or a portion of the length of the original leader. The dart leaders making connections with the ground are what cause a majority of subsequent return strokes. Each successive stroke is preceded by intermediate dart leader strokes that have a faster rise time but lower amplitude than

707-748: A fixed schedule or depend on the outcome of the previous hand as in Ninety-nine , be determined by drawing a card at random as in Bezique , by the last card dealt to a designated player as in Whist , by the first card played as in Nine Card Don , be chosen by a designated player as in Barbu , or players may bid for the right to select the trump suit as in Contract Bridge or Skat . In most games trump cards cannot be played if

808-546: A friend. Riki befriends Takuto and Capsazer G2. General Aqual wants him to give G2 to her but Gordo and the TwinSazers save him from Aqual and her grunts. He also brings fourth the GranSazers from the slab, due to the universe reacting to his love, justice and courage, to destroy the remaining Bosquitos. After the battle, Riki reunites his lost parents. At the end, Takuto and Remy bring Riki's family to their home planet. Appears in

909-490: A glorious future with Remy and his younger sister (Yui Ando). Takuto Ando ( 安藤 拓人 , Andō Takuto ) is the main character of the series, his grandfather met Captain Shark when he was stranded in the past, making a pact with him to allow his grandson to fight alongside Shark and his allies. He dreams of becoming an F1 racer and having his grandfather accept him as a man. Reckless and immature at first, Takuto grows and develops as

1010-538: A glorious future. A legendary trio of Space Pirates who gained the nickname of "The Three Shoguns". The first enemies of Sazer-X, they came to Earth under the command of Captain Barder of the Space Pirate Descal fleet with the intent of taking over the Earth, which had once been populated by their ancestors. In the original timeline, they were successful in gathering the twelve Cosmo Capsules, and their wish to take over

1111-519: A glorious future. Ad ( アド , Ado ) is the serious member of the group. He acts like he is the second-in-command of the Sazer-X. Takuto thought that he is the leader. Remy told him that they only have one leader, just Captain Shark. He initially does not take well to Takuto or any of the current era's Earth populace, accusing them of neglect in allowing themselves to be conquered by the Space Pirates in

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1212-602: A glorious future. Kane's support team; The Twin Sazers ( ツインセイザー ) are a brother/sister team who assist Kane in battle, and co-pilot Beet-Vizor. The Brother is Ein ( アイン , Ain ) and the sister is Zwein ( ツバイン , Tsubain ) . Like Kane, they too are inexperienced. They are almost always in Sazer Form, which led to speculation that they were robots. However, their true forms are shapeless pink and blue colored blobs which can leave their suits on command. They enjoy taking baths in

1313-448: A heavier, slushy mixture of ice and water (called graupel ) develops a negative charge. Updrafts within a storm cloud separate the lighter ice crystals from the heavier graupel, causing the top region of the cloud to accumulate a positive space charge while the lower level accumulates a negative space charge. Because the concentrated charge within the cloud must exceed the insulating properties of air, and this increases proportionally to

1414-485: A mixup, the first man she saw was instead Takuto, and she instantly fell in love with him. Though Takuto played along at first to obtain the Cosmo Capsule, he eventually confesses that he does not love her and can not live with her. Though she is heartbroken, Takuto apologizes and convinces her that he only had good intentions for his actions. Her heart is moved, and she gives him the last Cosmo Capsule before returning to

1515-418: A near-instantaneous release of an average of between 200 megajoules and 7 gigajoules of energy , depending on the type. This discharge may produce a wide range of electromagnetic radiation , from heat created by the rapid movement of electrons , to brilliant flashes of visible light in the form of black-body radiation . Lightning causes thunder , a sound from the shock wave which develops as gases in

1616-527: A person throughout the course of the series into somewhat of a leader figure. Throughout the series, Takuto grows a fondness for Remy that eventually blossoms into love. Takuto also has a rivalry with the Fire Shogun Blaird, who he has a habit of forgetting his name. Much to his chagrin, those around him often call Takuto "Tak-kun", which is colloquial slang for the phrase "You've got to be kidding me". As Lio-Sazer ( ライオセイザー , Raio Seizā ) , his element

1717-582: A process called runaway breakdown . As these relativistic electrons collide and ionize neutral air molecules, they initiate leader formation. Another hypothesis involves locally enhanced electric fields being formed near elongated water droplets or ice crystals. Percolation theory , especially for the case of biased percolation, describes random connectivity phenomena, which produce an evolution of connected structures similar to that of lightning strikes. A streamer avalanche model has recently been favored by observational data taken by LOFAR during storms. When

1818-422: A process not well understood, a bidirectional channel of ionized air, called a " leader ", is initiated between oppositely-charged regions in a thundercloud. Leaders are electrically conductive channels of ionized gas that propagate through, or are otherwise attracted to, regions with a charge opposite of that of the leader tip. The negative end of the bidirectional leader fills a positive charge region, also called

1919-401: A single thundercloud (intra-cloud), between two clouds (cloud-to-cloud), or between a cloud and the ground (cloud-to-ground), in which case it is referred to as a lightning strike . Many other observational variants are recognized, including " heat lightning ", which can be seen from a great distance but not heard; dry lightning , which can cause forest fires ; and ball lightning , which

2020-427: A stepped leader approaches the ground, the presence of opposite charges on the ground enhances the strength of the electric field . The electric field is strongest on grounded objects whose tops are closest to the base of the thundercloud, such as trees and tall buildings. If the electric field is strong enough, a positively charged ionic channel, called a positive or upward streamer , can develop from these points. This

2121-449: A sufficiently high potential difference between two regions of space must exist, and second, a high-resistance medium must obstruct the free, unimpeded equalization of the opposite charges. The atmosphere provides the electrical insulation, or barrier, that prevents free equalization between charged regions of opposite polarity. It is well understood that during a thunderstorm there is charge separation and aggregation in certain regions of

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2222-455: A thunder cloud. The main charging area in a thunderstorm occurs in the central part of the storm where air is moving upward rapidly (updraft) and temperatures range from −15 to −25 °C (5 to −13 °F); see Figure 1. In that area, the combination of temperature and rapid upward air movement produces a mixture of super-cooled cloud droplets (small water droplets below freezing), small ice crystals, and graupel (soft hail). The updraft carries

2323-399: A well, inside the cloud while the positive end fills a negative charge well. Leaders often split, forming branches in a tree-like pattern. In addition, negative and some positive leaders travel in a discontinuous fashion, in a process called "stepping". The resulting jerky movement of the leaders can be readily observed in slow-motion videos of lightning flashes. It is possible for one end of

2424-669: Is Fire and his personal weapon is the Lio-Breaker sword . When the Cosmo Capsule " Lio-1 " is equipped in Lio-Breaker, he can perform his finishing move, " Lio Fire ", unleashing a massive fiery lion from Lio Breaker which engulfs and totally annihilates the enemy. Lio Sazer has destroyed more enemies with Lio-Fire than any other Sazer, and Lio-Fire happens to be the strongest of all Cosmo Capsule finishers. In episode 38 (final), he became one of 12 warriors by Cosmo capsules and final time to shine then return to his home planet to make

2525-453: Is Lightning and his personal weapon is the Beet-Hawk axe . When the Cosmo Capsule "Beetle-3" is equipped in Beet-Hawk, he can perform his finishing move, "Beetle Slash". In episode 38 (final), he is a mentor about Cosmo Capsules destined warriors to his comrades and return to future with all of mecha robot and transformation's sazer device. Commander Shark ( シャーク隊長 , Shāku Taishō ) ,

2626-409: Is able to equip a high-powered suit of armor with the transformation call "Souchaku!" ("Equip!") . Despite working as part of Neo-Descal, he frequently disobeys orders in his quest for vengeance. He keeps losing against Shark but refuses to give up no matter how beaten up he is. He eventually dies from these prolonged injuries right in the middle of a battle, showing Blaird the futility of his strife and

2727-520: Is approximately 44 (± 5) times per second, or nearly 1.4 billion flashes per year and the median duration is 0.52 seconds made up from a number of much shorter flashes (strokes) of around 60 to 70 microseconds . Many factors affect the frequency, distribution, strength and physical properties of a typical lightning flash in a particular region of the world. These factors include ground elevation, latitude , prevailing wind currents, relative humidity , and proximity to warm and cold bodies of water. To

2828-427: Is brainwashed with a more aggressive, sadistic personality in order to serve as a distraction while King Neo Descal's real plan is put into motion. He is eventually rescued by Sazer-X, and sides with them and the other two Shoguns. The fourth Shogun, Lightning Shogun Thundera ( 雷将軍サンダーラ , Rai Shōgun Sandāra ,25 ) is the direct descendant of the shoguns that chose to stay on Earth and live underground, as opposed to

2929-412: Is destroyed, he constantly advocates abandoning the whole plan and returning to space. However, he is bullied into staying by Aqual's forceful personality. Because of his inventing abilities, he constantly gets all the credit for the plans implemented by Neo Descal, because even if Aqual came up with the plan it is his machines that get the attention. When Neo Descal himself arrives to the present, Cyclead

3030-422: Is dwarfed by subsequent currents during the actual discharge. Initiation of the lightning leader is not well understood. The electric field strength within the thundercloud is not typically large enough to initiate this process by itself. Many hypotheses have been proposed. One hypothesis postulates that showers of relativistic electrons are created by cosmic rays and are then accelerated to higher velocities via

3131-539: Is equipped with a Strage-Ring around their wrist that amplifies their elemental powers, and their own personal Knuckle-Cross, worn on the back of the opposite hand. When the Strage-Ring sparks the Knuckle-Cross, they can equip the high-powered suit of armour stored in their Knuckle-Cross and become Sazer-X. Their transformation call is X-Equip . In episode 38 (final), he became one of 12 warriors by Cosmo Capsules to make

Chousei Kantai Sazer-X - Misplaced Pages Continue

3232-631: Is filled quickly by the negative leader which then propagates toward the inductively-charged ground. The positively and negatively charged leaders proceed in opposite directions, positive upwards within the cloud and negative towards the earth. Both ionic channels proceed, in their respective directions, in a number of successive spurts. Each leader "pools" ions at the leading tips, shooting out one or more new leaders, momentarily pooling again to concentrate charged ions, then shooting out another leader. The negative leader continues to propagate and split as it heads downward, often speeding up as it gets closer to

3333-424: Is first documented in 1529 as the name of a card game which would develop into Ruff and Honours and ultimately Whist . In German, the term is attested as Triumph in 1541; the modern German spelling Trumpf is recorded from 1590. In French, triomphe remained the name of the game, while the trump suit was called atout , from à tout (as it were " all-in "). Some European languages (Hungarian, Greek) adopted

3434-433: Is from 1882, by William Nicholson Jennings ,  a photographer who spent half his life capturing pictures of lightning and proving its diversity. There is growing evidence that lightning activity is increased by particulate emissions (a form of air pollution ). However, lightning may also improve air quality and clean greenhouse gases such as methane from the atmosphere, while creating nitrogen oxide and ozone at

3535-421: Is more than capable of fighting on his own. He co-pilots Adle-Eagle. In addition, he has a device which enables him to turn into a Sazer Form called "Sazer Gordo", which has partial armor and helmet, and an arm attachment which consists of a mace and axe . In episode 38 (final), they are chosen by Cosmo Capsules to become two of 12 warriors and third time to shine then to return to their planet with Kane to make

3636-615: Is near the village of Kifuka in the mountains of the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo , where the elevation is around 975 m (3,200 ft). On average, this region receives 158 lightning strikes per square kilometre per year (410/sq mi/yr). Other lightning hotspots include Singapore and Lightning Alley in Central Florida . According to the World Meteorological Organization , on April 29, 2020,

3737-508: Is one of only two major innovations to trick-taking games since they were invented; the other being the idea of bidding . Trump cards, initially called trionfi , first appeared with the advent of Tarot cards in which there is a separate, permanent trump suit comprising a number of picture cards. The first known example of such cards was ordered by the Duke of Milan around 1420 and included 16 trumps with images of Greek and Roman gods. Around

3838-563: Is rarely observed scientifically. Humans have deified lightning for millennia. Idiomatic expressions derived from lightning, such as the English expression "bolt from the blue", are common across languages. At all times people have been fascinated by the sight and difference of lightning. The fear of lightning is called astraphobia . The first known photograph of lightning is from 1847, by Thomas Martin Easterly . The first surviving photograph

3939-475: Is relentlessly bullied and humiliated by Neo Descal- especially Grouza until Aqual snaps and attempts to assassinate both leaders. She fails in killing Grouza, and only manages to wound Garade. She is saved from a vengeful Garade by the arrival of King Neo Descal himself. Aqual soon grows wise to the schemes of the new leaders, and how they have used Cyclead and herself to further their plans. However, she still has to fight against her own pride before she can accept

4040-418: Is separated by a relatively large amount of time, typically 40 to 50 milliseconds, as other charged regions in the cloud are discharged in subsequent strokes. Re-strikes often cause a noticeable " strobe light " effect. To understand why multiple return strokes utilize the same lightning channel, one needs to understand the behavior of positive leaders, which a typical ground flash effectively becomes following

4141-558: Is the Eagle-Blaster gun . When the Cosmo Capsule "Eagle-2" is equipped in Eagle-Blaster, he can perform his finishing move, "Eagle Typhoon". In episode 38 (final), he became one of 12 warriors by Cosmo Capsules and third time with twin Sazers Ein and Zwein return to his planet to make a glorious future. Kane Lucano ( ケイン・ルカーノ , Kein Rukāno ) is the easygoing, happy-go-lucky member of

Chousei Kantai Sazer-X - Misplaced Pages Continue

4242-483: Is usually produced by cumulonimbus clouds, which have bases that are typically 1–2 km (0.62–1.24 mi) above the ground and tops up to 15 km (9.3 mi) in height. The place on Earth where lightning occurs most often is over Lake Maracaibo , wherein the Catatumbo lightning phenomenon produces 250 bolts of lightning a day. This activity occurs on average, 297 days a year. The second most lightning density

4343-640: The Gulf Stream , partially explains the elevated frequency of lightning in the Southeast United States . Because large bodies of water lack the topographic variation that would result in atmospheric mixing, lightning is notably less frequent over the world's oceans than over land. The North and South Poles are limited in their coverage of thunderstorms and therefore result in areas with the least lightning. In general, CG lightning flashes account for only 25% of all total lightning flashes worldwide. Since

4444-516: The atouts or honours , which serves as a permanent trump suit in games played with the tarot deck . The suit consists of twenty-two cards, including a Fool which serves as the highest trump (in Central Europe) or excuses the players from following suit elsewhere. The usual rule of play in Tarot card games is that a player who cannot follow suit, must play a trump. Due primarily to the prevalence of

4545-447: The super-cooled cloud droplets and very small ice crystals upward. At the same time, the graupel, which is considerably larger and denser, tends to fall or be suspended in the rising air. The differences in the movement of the precipitation cause collisions to occur. When the rising ice crystals collide with graupel, the ice crystals become positively charged and the graupel becomes negatively charged; see Figure 2. The updraft carries

4646-613: The Ando household, due to their ship not having a bath. In episode 38 (final), she and her husband are chosen by Cosmo Capsules to become one of 12 warriors and second time to shine and return to her home planet with her husband to make a glorious future. Gordo's wife and a master of infiltration, Patora ( パトラ ) snuck aboard King Neo-Descal's ship in order to get to the present. In episode 38 (final), their Cosmo Capsules first shine and guide them to their home space pirates and they are chosen by Cosmo Capsules to become three of 12 warriors to make

4747-475: The Beet-Vizor squad, and the twin Sazers Ein and Zwein, and Remy, who pilots Lio Carrier. Ad and Kane are joined by Takuto Ando, whose grandfather met Captain Shark, leader of the resistance, as a young man and was left with a Knuckle Cross to allow his grandson in 2005 to become the third member of the team known as Sazer X. Sazer X fight the space pirates known as Descal, and later Neo-Descal when they arrive from

4848-467: The Earth plunged it into eternal darkness. Thus, they are the ancestors of the future Space Pirates that rule over Earth. The leader of the Three Shoguns, Fire Shogun Blaird ( 火将軍ブレアード , Hi Shōgun Bureādo ) is the strongest fighter of the trio, but he is the least intelligent and tends to become riled up easily. He quickly develops a one-sided rivalry with Takato/Lio-Sazer, vowing to someday "settle

4949-428: The Earth's surface. About 90% of ionic channel lengths between "pools" are approximately 45 m (148 ft) in length. The establishment of the ionic channel takes a comparatively long amount of time (hundreds of milliseconds ) in comparison to the resulting discharge, which occurs within a few dozen microseconds. The electric current needed to establish the channel, measured in the tens or hundreds of amperes ,

5050-607: The French term. Russian козырь kozyr' is of unknown etymology, possibly a loan from a Turkic source. Polish variously uses atut , trumf and kozera adopted from the French, German and Russian respectively. In most games, the relative rank of cards within a suit is the same in trump and plain suits, but they may sometimes differ, for example in Klabberjass , Euchre , or Eighty Points . The trump suit may be fixed as in Spades , rotate on

5151-470: The Mammoth Bosquito (to lose the monster's shield which reveals to be its horn as its weakness) so that the Sazer-X, JustiRisers and GranSazers would able to destroy it. Appears in the movie, the crossover with JustiRisers and GranSazers . Mio Tendo meets Takuto, Ad and Kane playing their basketball game and then the four rescues Riki who is fainted by thundershock. Afterwards, Shouta, Shinya and Yuka,

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5252-515: The Three Shogun's original mission to take over Earth, mainly because she loves power and praise. As a result, she is the one that formally breaks up the Three Shogun by discarding Blaird from the group when he begins to question their mission. When Neo Descal appears, they begin by flattering Aqual as their honored descendant to gain her trust, but this is simply because they cannot kill her without erasing themselves from history. As time goes on, she

5353-413: The atmosphere. Lightning can also occur during dust storms , forest fires , tornadoes , volcanic eruptions , and even in the cold of winter, where the lightning is known as thundersnow . Hurricanes typically generate some lightning, mainly in the rainbands as much as 160 km (99 mi) from the center. Lightning is not distributed evenly around Earth . On Earth, the lightning frequency

5454-416: The base of a thunderstorm is usually negatively charged, this is where most CG lightning originates. This region is typically at the elevation where freezing occurs within the cloud. Freezing, combined with collisions between ice and water, appears to be a critical part of the initial charge development and separation process. During wind-driven collisions, ice crystals tend to develop a positive charge, while

5555-406: The cloud; however, the exact processes by which this occurs are not fully understood. As a thundercloud moves over the surface of the Earth, an equal electric charge , but of opposite polarity, is induced on the Earth's surface underneath the cloud. The induced positive surface charge, when measured against a fixed point, will be small as the thundercloud approaches, increasing as the center of

5656-488: The commanding officer and only leader of Sazer X. He does not travel back in time with Ad, Kane and Remy straight away, choosing to support the troops in the future before heading back himself. He eventually appears once the Neo Descal fleet arrives in the present day. He is also the adoptive father of Remy. His special Knuckle Cross is named Shark-Knuckle. It is eventually revealed that he is half Space Pirate, which means that

5757-478: The consequences of hatred. Trump (card games)#Metaphorical uses A trump is a playing card which is elevated above its usual rank in trick-taking games . Typically an entire suit is nominated as a trump suit ; these cards then outrank all cards of plain (non-trump) suits. In other contexts, the terms trump card or to trump refers to any sort of action, authority or policy which automatically prevails over all others. The introduction of trumps

5858-410: The distance between the cloud and the ground, the proportion of CG strikes (versus CC or IC discharges) becomes greater when the cloud is closer to the ground. In the tropics, where the freezing level is generally higher in the atmosphere, only 10% of lightning flashes are CG. At the latitude of Norway (around 60° North latitude), where the freezing elevation is lower, 50% of lightning is CG. Lightning

5959-425: The earth, although it may appear they are. High-speed videos can show the attachment process in progress. Once a conductive channel bridges the air gap between the negative charge excess in the cloud and the positive surface charge excess below, there is a large drop in resistance across the lightning channel. Electrons accelerate rapidly as a result in a zone beginning at the point of attachment, which expands across

6060-450: The electrical field. The best-studied and understood form of lightning is cloud to ground (CG) lightning. Although more common, intra-cloud (IC) and cloud-to-cloud (CC) flashes are very difficult to study given there are no "physical" points to monitor inside the clouds. Also, given the very low probability of lightning striking the same point repeatedly and consistently, scientific inquiry is difficult even in areas of high CG frequency. In

6161-446: The entire leader network at up to one third of the speed of light. This is the "return stroke" and it is the most luminous and noticeable part of the lightning discharge. A large electric charge flows along the plasma channel, from the cloud to the ground, neutralising the positive ground charge as electrons flow away from the strike point to the surrounding area. This huge surge of current creates large radial voltage differences along

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6262-459: The entire team of GranSazers are not in the meeting but their powers are in the ancient slab holding by him. He tries to summon the GranSazers with the ancient slab but Riki wants to try it and then GranSazers are successfully summoned to finish off the remaining Bosquitos. Space Pirates from the future, who forced their way through the wormhole in order to back up Descal's Three Shoguns after Barder

6363-400: The folly of a life consumed completely by revenge and combat, and he returns to the side of Sazer-X piloting Jackall's Drill-Angler. The female of the Three Shoguns, Water Shogun Aqual ( 水将軍アクアル , Mizu Shōgun Akuaru ) likes to believe that she is the most intelligent of the Three Shogun, and while she is quite smart she is also extremely vain and prideful. She is the one most dedicated to

6464-518: The formation of an electrically conducting plasma channel through the air in excess of 5 km (3.1 mi) tall, from within the cloud to the ground's surface. The actual discharge is the final stage of a very complex process. At its peak, a typical thunderstorm produces three or more strikes to the Earth per minute. Lightning primarily occurs when warm air is mixed with colder air masses, resulting in atmospheric disturbances necessary for polarizing

6565-453: The future after the defeat of their ancestors. Captain Shark, known as the Shark Sazer, arrives later from the future, along with his rival, Jackall, a mysterious Sazer-like being who holds one of Shark's greatest secrets. A team assembled in the year AD 2500 with the goal of traveling back in time 500 years and changing history by collecting the twelve Cosmo Capsules. Each member of the party

6666-421: The group. He usually goofs off when they are not fighting, and is especially fond of sightseeing . However, he is a strong believer that even if he has a relaxed attitude most of the time, he comes through when he is needed the most, which he has often proven true through his actions. He is the oldest of seven siblings, and hails from the planet Radei. As Beetle-Sazer ( ビートルセイザー , Bītoru Seizā ) , his element

6767-491: The hydrogen ion and the hydroxide ion. An electron is not stable in liquid water concerning a hydroxide ion plus dissolved hydrogen for the time scales involved in thunderstorms. The charge carrier in lightning is mainly electrons in a plasma. The process of going from charge as ions (positive hydrogen ion and negative hydroxide ion) associated with liquid water or solid water to charge as electrons associated with lightning must involve some form of electro-chemistry, that is,

6868-439: The laundry. They also teach Blaird a good lesson about love and friendliness. Appears in the movie, the crossover with JustiRisers and GranSazers . Riki comes from Borumusei of the third galaxy where it was conquered by the reviving Bosquito. He comes from a lightning shock and "loses" his memory (meaning the Space Pirates made him a spy to capture the remaining Cosmo Capsules). Ad sees him as an enemy but Takuto sees him also as

6969-442: The leader to fill the oppositely-charged well entirely while the other end is still active. When this happens, the leader end which filled the well may propagate outside of the thundercloud and result in either a cloud-to-air flash or a cloud-to-ground flash. In a typical cloud-to-ground flash, a bidirectional leader initiates between the main negative and lower positive charge regions in a thundercloud. The weaker positive charge region

7070-464: The movie, the crossover with JustiRisers and GranSazers . Jinguji is the commander of his forces, inventor and builder of Gouten, a submarine-like aircraft armed with a massive giant drill. He is Sojirou Ando's best friend. He helps the Sazer-X to destroy the fake JustiRisers (Bosquitos) on the Sazer Island where Mio Tendo fainted. After his aircraft regains its energy, he orders his comrades to freeze

7171-426: The negative leader's connection with the ground. Positive leaders decay more rapidly than negative leaders do. For reasons not well understood, bidirectional leaders tend to initiate on the tips of the decayed positive leaders in which the negative end attempts to re-ionize the leader network. These leaders, also called recoil leaders , usually decay shortly after their formation. When they do manage to make contact with

7272-539: The original JustiRisers, witness the invasion of the revived Bosquitos, disguised as fake JustiRisers, getting energy from innocent lives. Before the invasion, Mio Tendo is in Sazer Island praying for more power of justice but instead the powers went to Bosquito and she faints. They are almost gets victimized until Sazer-X team saves them from Bosquito's attack and later goes into the meeting with Commander Jinguji, Sojirou and Professor Ichiro Horiguchi. The three are getting into Sazer Island and they wake Mio. She prays again for

7373-414: The oxidation and/or the reduction of chemical species. As hydroxide functions as a base and carbon dioxide is an acidic gas, it is possible that charged water clouds in which the negative charge is in the form of the aqueous hydroxide ion, interact with atmospheric carbon dioxide to form aqueous carbonate ions and aqueous hydrogen carbonate ions. The typical cloud-to-ground lightning flash culminates in

7474-528: The past, leading to the eventual destruction of his home planet Biyodo. However, after finding out the painful truth that his people were the ones who initially stole the Cosmo Capsules from the Pirates and instigated Earth's invasion, he began to warm up and become more friendly with Takuto and the other people of Earth. As Eagle-Sazer ( イーグルセイザー , Īguru Seizā ) , his element is Wind and his personal weapon

7575-437: The personal weapons of Sazer-X, and can teleport them upon command to the team. In episode 38 (final), he and his wife are chosen by Cosmo Capsules to become one of 12 warriors and second time to shine and return to his home planet with his wife to make a glorious future. Gordo ( ゴルド , Gorudo ) is Ad's usually quiet (and lazy, always sleep) support tech who possesses immense strength, shoulder-length ragged blond hair, and

7676-405: The player has any cards of the suit led to the trick; the requirement to " follow suit " is of higher priority. In a few games, trumps can be played at any time. Playing the first trump to an already-started trick is known as trumping or ruffing ; if another player were to play a higher trump, that would be an overruff or overtrump . The tarot deck contains a fifth suit, known in gaming as

7777-416: The positively charged ice crystals upward toward the top of the storm cloud. The larger and denser graupel is either suspended in the middle of the thunderstorm cloud or falls toward the lower part of the storm. The result is that the upper part of the thunderstorm cloud becomes positively charged while the middle to lower part of the thunderstorm cloud becomes negatively charged. The upward motions within

7878-554: The power of justice and the three transforms into the Real JustiRisers to beat the remaining Bosquitos who lost their disguise. They help the GranSazers and Sazer-X to finish off Bosquitos and Mammoth Bosquito. Appears in the movie, the crossover with JustiRisers and GranSazers . Ichiro Horiguchi attends a meeting with Commander Jinguji concerning about the return of Bosquito who is swarming all over Japan. He meets Sojirou Ando, Shouta, Shinya, Yuka and Sazer-X team and he tells that

7979-511: The present, but are never seen in Tarot games. Suits with these variable powers are thus called chosen suits or selected suits to distinguish them from trump suits. The English word trump derives from trionfi , a type of 15th-century Italian playing cards , from the Latin triumphus "triumph, victory procession", ultimately (via Etruscan) from Greek θρίαμβος , the term for a hymn to Dionysus sung in processions in his honour. Trionfi

8080-470: The return stroke averages 30 kiloamperes for a typical negative CG flash, often referred to as "negative CG" lightning. In some cases, a ground-to-cloud (GC) lightning flash may originate from a positively charged region on the ground below a storm. These discharges normally originate from the tops of very tall structures, such as communications antennas. The rate at which the return stroke current travels has been found to be around 100,000 km/s (one-third of

8181-462: The same time that Tarot cards were invented with the purpose of adding a trump suit to the existing four suits, a similar concept arose in the game of Karnöffel. However, in this South German game played with an ordinary pack, some cards of a given suit had full trump powers, others were partial trumps and the 7s had a special role. These features have been retained in games of the Karnöffel family down to

8282-612: The same time. Lightning is also the major cause of wildfire, and wildfire can contribute to climate change as well. More studies are warranted to clarify their relationship. The details of the charging process are still being studied by scientists, but there is general agreement on some of the basic concepts of thunderstorm electrification. Electrification can be by the triboelectric effect leading to electron or ion transfer between colliding bodies. Uncharged, colliding water-drops can become charged because of charge transfer between them (as aqueous ions) in an electric field as would exist in

8383-404: The score" and defeat him. After Barder is revealed to be an android, he begins to question the mission of the Three Shogun on Earth. His rivalry with Takuto becomes a grudging friendship, and he joins forces with Sazer-X with the goal of reuniting the Three Shogun and returning to space. He temporarily joins Jackall against Sazer-X and especially Shark-Sazer. Jackall's eventual death teaches Blaird

8484-401: The shoguns that chose to flee to space. The door to the surface would only open every million years. A legend in her home stated that the first man she met on the surface world would be her destined man. According to history, that man was supposed to be Fire Shogun Blaird. He would have obtained the last Cosmo Capsule from her, and that would have plunged the world into darkness. However, due to

8585-404: The speed of light). The massive flow of electric current occurring during the return stroke combined with the rate at which it occurs (measured in microseconds) rapidly superheats the completed leader channel, forming a highly electrically conductive plasma channel. The core temperature of the plasma during the return stroke may exceed 27,800 °C (50,000 °F), causing it to radiate with

8686-451: The storm (updrafts and downdrafts). In addition, there is a small but important positive charge buildup near the bottom of the thunderstorm cloud due to the precipitation and warmer temperatures. The induced separation of charge in pure liquid water has been known since the 1840s as has the electrification of pure liquid water by the triboelectric effect. William Thomson (Lord Kelvin) demonstrated that charge separation in water occurs in

8787-424: The storm and winds at higher levels in the atmosphere tend to cause the small ice crystals (and positive charge) in the upper part of the thunderstorm cloud to spread out horizontally some distance from the thunderstorm cloud base. This part of the thunderstorm cloud is called the anvil. While this is the main charging process for the thunderstorm cloud, some of these charges can be redistributed by air movements within

8888-403: The storm arrives and dropping as the thundercloud passes. The referential value of the induced surface charge could be roughly represented as a bell curve. The oppositely charged regions create an electric field within the air between them. This electric field varies in relation to the strength of the surface charge on the base of the thundercloud – the greater the accumulated charge, the higher

8989-489: The success of the Sazer-X mission would cause him to be erased from history, having never been born. Despite this, he is resolute to carry out the mission to completion. As Shark-Sazer ( シャークセイザー , Shāku Seizā ) , his element is Water and his personal weapon is the Shark-Bash sword . When the Cosmo Capsule "Shark-4" is equipped in Shark-Bash, he can perform his finishing move, "Shark Crush". In episode 38 (final), she

9090-420: The surface of the ground. Called step potentials, they are responsible for more injuries and deaths in groups of people or of other animals than the strike itself. Electricity takes every path available to it. Such step potentials will often cause current to flow through one leg and out another, electrocuting an unlucky human or animal standing near the point where the lightning strikes. The electric current of

9191-406: The tarot trump suit. The exact style and rendering of these characters is left up to font , since tarot decks vary widely. Lightning Lightning is a natural phenomenon formed by electrostatic discharges through the atmosphere between two electrically charged regions, either both in the atmosphere or one in the atmosphere and one on the ground , temporarily neutralizing these in

9292-777: The trump in card games, the term used in Japan for the standard 52-card deck of playing cards is toranpu ( トランプ ) , derived from the English word "trump". In games of the Karnöffel family whose ancestor predated Tarot games, there are quasi-trump suits usually known as chosen suits or selected suits . These are characterised by the highest cards of the chosen suit or suits having full trump powers, intermediate-ranking cards having partial trump-like powers and some cards having no powers at all. Surviving examples include Swiss Kaiserspiel , German Bruus and Knüffeln and Danish Styrivolt . Unicode specifies twenty-one characters dedicated to

9393-452: The trust of Sazer-X and finally side with them. She is jealous at Thundera because of Blaird liking her. She is secretly in love with Blaird. The inventor of the Three Shoguns, Wind Shogun Cyclead ( 風将軍サイクリード , Kaze Shōgun Saikrīdo ) is clearly the most intelligent of them, and invents many of the devices that they use in their plans. However, he is also the least dedicated to the plan to take over Earth. After their original pirate ship

9494-457: The underground world. Grandfather of Takuto and Yui Ando. He knows about the Space Pirates and the Sazer-X because of his meeting with Captain Shark in the 1960s. He is a good friend of Commander Shark. In Episode 38 (final), Yui Ando was chosen by Cosmo Capsules to become one of 12 warriors to make a glorious future. Haruko Ando is a mother of Takuto and Yui is his younger sister. They make General Blaird as their housemaid and order him to wash

9595-554: The usual electric fields at the Earth's surface and developed a continuous electric field measuring device using that knowledge. The physical separation of charge into different regions using liquid water was demonstrated by Kelvin with the Kelvin water dropper . The most likely charge-carrying species were considered to be the aqueous hydrogen ion and the aqueous hydroxide ion. The electrical charging of solid water ice has also been considered. The charged species were again considered to be

9696-449: The vicinity of the discharge experience a sudden increase in pressure. Lightning occurs commonly during thunderstorms as well as other types of energetic weather systems, but volcanic lightning can also occur during volcanic eruptions . Lightning is an atmospheric electrical phenomenon and contributes to the global atmospheric electrical circuit . The three main kinds of lightning are distinguished by where they occur: either inside

9797-475: Was adopted by Shark and raised from the planet Roue, which was destroyed by the Neo-Descal. However, it is revealed that she actually was born during the 1960s, and was brought to the future by Shark to cure her terminal disease. It is very likely she has feelings for Takuto. A robot that co-pilots the Lio-Carrier with Remy who is G2's "mother". G2 is designed to safely store the retrieved Cosmo Capsules as well as

9898-471: Was chosen by Cosmo Capsules to become one of 12 warriors with Takuto Ando and Yui Ando and to make a glorious future. Remy Freede ( レミー・フリーデ , Remī Furīde ) is Takuto's support technician, who usually has to show him how to use the Sazer equipment. She acts like she is the third-in-command of the Sazer-X. She co-pilots Lio-Carrier with G2. Unlike the other members of the support team, she has no Sazer form. She

9999-615: Was destroyed and ensure that their plan to take over the Earth in the past was successful. Although they had open disdain for the Three Shoguns, they risk not killing them as it would erase themselves from history. A mercenary working for Neo Descal, Jackall ( ジャッカル , Jakkaru ) uses his position to get revenge on Commander Shark. Jackall being Commander Shark's archenemy because he believes that Shark, his one-time friend, betrayed him by leaving him behind in cold stasis, when in truth Shark had to do that to protect him from Neo Descal's wrath. He possesses powers similar to that of Sazer-X, and

10100-583: Was first theorized by Heinz Kasemir. As negatively charged leaders approach, increasing the localized electric field strength, grounded objects already experiencing corona discharge will exceed a threshold and form upward streamers. Once a downward leader connects to an available upward leader, a process referred to as attachment, a low-resistance path is formed and discharge may occur. Photographs have been taken in which unattached streamers are clearly visible. The unattached downward leaders are also visible in branched lightning, none of which are connected to

10201-493: Was the 15th-century card game for which tarot cards were designed. Trionfi were a fifth suit in the card game which acted as permanent trumps. Still, in the 15th century, the French game triomphe (Spanish triunfo ) used four suits, one of which was randomly selected as trumps. It was this game that became extremely popular in Western Europe in the 16th century and is ancestral to many modern card games. The English word

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