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66-563: Friulano from Friuli-Venezia Giulia was known as "Tocai" Friulano until March 31, 2007, when the European Court of Justice of Luxembourg set the prohibition of using the name "Tocai" in the name of the wine (as stipulated in a 1993 agreement between the European Union and Hungary). Since 2007 wines made from Tocai Friulano have been labeled as Friulano in Friuli. Despite the fact that

132-517: A "new" Tocai , probably made from Sauvignonasse , is documented only in 1932. The Pinot grigio vine, which is also prevalent in the Friuli-Venezia Giulia region, was once known by the synonym Tokay d'Alsace in Alsace , and may have also been the grape used in some Italian Tokai wines. There is, however, no close genetic link between Tocai Friulano (Sauvignonasse) and Pinot grigio. The grape

198-568: A broad generalisation, Cabernet Sauvignon (Bordeaux's second-most planted grape variety) dominates the blend in red wines produced in the Médoc and the rest of the left bank of the Gironde estuary . Typical top-quality Châteaux blends are 70% Cabernet Sauvignon, 15% Cabernet Franc and 15% Merlot. This is typically referred to as the "Bordeaux blend". Merlot tends to predominate in Saint-Émilion , Pomerol and

264-744: A gift. The Tokaji wine was served at the French Royal court at Versailles, where it became known as Tokay. Emperor Franz Josef (who was also King of Hungary ) had a tradition of sending Queen Victoria Tokaji Aszú wine, as a gift, every year on her birthday, one bottle for every month she had lived, twelve for each year. On her eighty-first and final birthday (1900), this totaled an impressive 972 bottles. Tokaji wine has received accolades from numerous great writers and composers including Beethoven , Liszt , Schubert , Goethe , Heinrich Heine , Friedrich von Schiller , Bram Stoker , Johann Strauss II , and Voltaire . The composer Joseph Haydn 's favorite wine

330-411: A major market, now imports more wine from Australia than from France. Amongst the possible causes for this economic crisis are that many consumers tend to prefer wine labels that state the variety of grape used, and often find the required French AOC labels difficult to understand. Christian Delpeuch , president emeritus of Plan Bordeaux hoped to reduce production, improve quality, and sell more wine in

396-562: A period of ageing (commonly a year). The traditional Bordeaux barrique is a 225-litre oak barrel. At some point between pressing and bottling the wine is blended. This is an integral part of the Bordeaux wine making process, as scarcely any Bordeaux wines are varietals ; wine from different grape varieties is mixed together, depending on the vintage conditions, so as to produce a wine in the château's preferred style. In addition to mixing wine from different grape varieties, wine from different parts of

462-574: A period to refer to all red wine rather than to the claret style specifically. The export of Bordeaux was interrupted by the Hundred Years' War outbreak between France and England in 1337. By the end of the conflict in 1453 France had repossessed the province, thus taking control of wine production in the region. As part of the Auld Alliance , the French granted Scottish merchants a privileged position in

528-483: A slang term for blood. Many of the top Bordeaux wines are primarily sold by receiving the related payment in advance, the so-called selling en primeur . Because of the combination of longevity, fairly large production, and an established reputation, Bordeaux wines tend to be the most common wines at wine auctions. Market reports released in February 2009 showed that the market had increased in buying power by 128% while

594-417: A smaller proportion of Sauvignon blanc. Other permitted grape varieties are Sauvignon gris , Ugni blanc , Colombard , Merlot blanc , Ondenc and Mauzac . Recently permitted by Bordeaux wineries, three new white grapes have been added: Alvarinho , Petit Manseng , and Liliorila. In the late 1960s Sémillon was the most planted grape in Bordeaux. Since then it has been in constant decline although it still

660-552: A variety of synonyms: Tocai Friulano, Friulano, Tokaj, Jakot, Sauvignon Vert, Sauvignon de la Corrèze and Sauvignon à Gros Grains. Carménère – another Chilean wine grape with a similar story to Sauvignon vert Tokaji Tokaji ( Hungarian : of Tokaj Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈtokɒji] ) or Tokay is the name of the wines from the Tokaj wine region (also Tokaj-Hegyalja wine region or Tokaj-Hegyalja ) in Hungary or

726-407: Is a late budding vine, with high sensitivity to downy mildew and oidium . The vine is prone to producing high yields which must be controlled in order to make premium quality wine. With Sauvignonasse, the quality of the wine depends greatly on the grapes being harvested at the right point. If picked too early, the resulting wine will be dull and lack any varietal character . The grape also has

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792-516: Is believed to be related to the Tocai Italico vine, which is planted throughout the Veneto region. The only doubt involves the Tocai Italico plantings around the town of Breganze , which ampelographers believe is a different vine altogether. Argentina , with its close ties to Italian viticulture , also has a small amount of Friulano vines planted. Over the years, Sauvignonasse has been known under

858-546: Is believed to have originated in the Veneto region and from there traveled to other Italian regions, especially to the Friuli region, where it was cultivated since 1600. In Italy the grape was historically known as Tocai or Tocai Friulano for centuries. The grape has no known relation to any of the grapes used in the Hungarian wine Tokaji , even though evidence suggests that following

924-451: Is composed typically of the following grapes: Furmint (70%), Hárslevelű (20–25%), and Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains (5–10%). Hungary does not want anyone confusing the dry and aromatic Italian Tocai Friulano (which is a unique wine in itself) with their wine called Tokaji. Some believe that early editions of Tocai Friulano in Italy were most likely made of the grape Furmint. The first record of

990-581: Is more medium bodied. The grape's most noted homes are in the Friuli-Venezia Giulia and Goriška Brda , where it is one of the regions' most widely planted grape varieties . In the Friuli it is the main white grape of the Denominazione di origine controllata (DOC) zones of Colli Orientali del Friuli , Collio Goriziano , Friuli Grave and Friuli Isonzo , where the grape accounts for more than 20% of those areas' total vineyard plantings. The grape

1056-433: Is popular in other places. Following harvest, the grapes are usually sorted and destemmed before crushing. Crushing was traditionally done by foot, but mechanical crushing is now almost universally used. Chaptalization is permitted, and is fairly common-place. Fermentation then takes place, usually in temperature controlled stainless steel vats. Next the must is pressed and transferred to barriques (in most cases) for

1122-832: Is produced in the Bordeaux region of southwest France , around the city of Bordeaux , on the Garonne River . To the north of the city, the Dordogne River joins the Garonne forming the broad estuary called the Gironde ; the Gironde department, with a total vineyard area of 110,800 hectares, is the second largest wine-growing area in France behind the Languedoc-Rousillon. Average vintages produce over 700 million bottles of wine, ranging from large quantities of daily table wine to some of

1188-489: Is rarely used, with Château Clerc Milon , a fifth growth Bordeaux, being one of the few to still retain Carménère vines. As of July 2019, Bordeaux wineries authorized the use of four new red grapes to combat effects of climate change on viticulture in Bordeaux, though only for those wines designated as Bordeaux or Bordeaux Supérior. These newly approved grapes are Marselan , Touriga Nacional , Castets , and Arinarnoa. As

1254-547: Is the most common of Bordeaux's white grapes. Sauvignon blanc's popularity on the other hand has been rising, overtaking Ugni blanc as the second most planted white Bordeaux grape in the late 1980s and now being grown in an area more than half the size of that of the lower yielding Sémillon. Wineries all over the world aspire to making wines in a Bordeaux style. In 1988, a group of American vintners formed The Meritage Association to identify wines made in this way. Although most Meritage wines come from California, there are members of

1320-499: Is the type of wine that should be on the papal table.) Gustav III , King of Sweden, loved Tokaji – it has been said he never had any other wine to drink. In Russia, customers included Peter the Great and Empress Elizabeth of Russia . A newspaper account of the 1933 wedding of Polish president Ignacy Mościcki notes that toasts were made with 250-year-old wines, and goes on to say "The wine, if good, could only have been Essence of Tokay, and

1386-494: The Gironde , but the French navy escorted them safely to the port of Bordeaux to protect them from Huguenot privateers. In the seventeenth century, Dutch traders drained the swampy ground of the Médoc so it could be planted with vines, and this gradually surpassed Graves as the most prestigious region of Bordeaux. Malbec was the dominant grape here, until the early 19th century, when it was replaced by Cabernet Sauvignon . In 1855,

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1452-498: The Nomenklatura of Fabricius Balázs Sziksai which was completed in 1576. A recently discovered inventory of aszú predates this reference by five years. Tokaji wine became the subject of the world's first appellation control , established several decades before Port wine , and over 120 years before the classification of Bordeaux . Vineyard classification began in 1730 with vineyards being classified into three categories depending on

1518-590: The Treaty of Trianon , while the rest remained part of Hungary. After World War II , when Hungary became a Soviet-influenced state, Tokaji production continued with as many as 6,000 small producers, but the bottling and distribution were monopolized by the state-owned organization. Since the collapse of the communist regimes in 1990, a number of independent wineries have been established in the Tokaj wine region. A state-owned producer continues to exist and handles approximately 20% of

1584-543: The Bordeaux region. Henry Plantagenet became King Henry II of England in 1154, and within his so-called Angevin Empire Bordeaux developed a long-lived export market for its wine in England. At this time, Graves was the principal wine region of Bordeaux, and the principal style was clairet . This accounts for the ubiquity of claret in England, though the anglicized term "claret" came to be used by English-speakers for

1650-480: The Gironde. These rivers define the main geographical subdivisions of the region: In Bordeaux the concept of terroir plays a pivotal role in wine production with the top estates aiming to make terroir driven wines that reflect the place they are from, often from grapes collected from a single vineyard. The soil of Bordeaux is composed of gravel , sandy stone, and clay. The region's best vineyards are located on

1716-630: The Hungarian quality control regulation. This area used to be part of the greater Tokaj-Hegyalja region within the Kingdom of Hungary , but was divided between Hungary and Czechoslovakia after the Treaty of Trianon . Six grape varieties are officially approved for Tokaji wine production: Furmint accounts for 60% of the area and is by far the most important grape in the production of Aszú wines. Hárslevelű stands for further 30%. Nevertheless, an impressive range of different types and styles of wines are produced in

1782-546: The Meritage Association in 18 states and five other countries, including Argentina, Australia, Canada, Israel, and Mexico. The red grapes in the Bordeaux vineyard are Merlot (62% by area), Cabernet Sauvignon (25%), Cabernet Franc (12%) and a small amount of Petit Verdot, Malbec and Carménère (1% in total). The white grapes are Sémillon (54% by area), Sauvignon blanc (36%), Muscadelle (7%) and a small amount of Ugni blanc, Colombard and Folle blanche (3% in total). Because of

1848-616: The Sauvignonasse and Sauvignon blanc are very similar, which explains part of the confusion between the two vines. The two vines also have similar susceptibility to Botrytis . The wines made from the two grapes are noticeably different when compared together: Sauvignon blanc being much more aromatic , with notes of ripe fruit like gooseberries and black currant , that Sauvignonasse lacks in favor of softer, floral flavors. Sauvignon blanc also has more acidity than Sauvignonasse and retains much of its vibrancy and flavors longer. Sauvignonasse

1914-520: The United States. However, two years after the beginning of the program, Mr Delpeuch resigned, "citing the failure of the French government to address properly the wine crisis in Bordeaux." Delpeuch told journalists assembled at the Bordeaux Press Club "I refuse to countenance this continual putting off of decisions which can only end in failure." "Delpeuch said he was shocked and disappointed by

1980-547: The adjoining Tokaj wine region in Slovakia . This region is noted for its sweet wines made from grapes affected by noble rot , a style of wine which has a long history in this region. The "nectar" coming from the grapes of Tokaj is also mentioned in the national anthem of Hungary . The Slovak wine region of Tokaj may use the Tokajský/-á/-é label ("of Tokaj" in Slovak ) if they apply

2046-412: The case of true Eszencia, occasionally into January). Typical yearly production in the region runs to a relatively small 100,280 hectolitres (2,649,000 US gal). These wines, once referred to as common, ordinárium , are now named after their respective grape varieties: Tokaji Furmint, Tokaji Hárslevelű, Tokaji Sárgamuskotály and Tokaji Kövérszőlő. Prior to 1918 (the end of World War I and

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2112-522: The centuries-old friendship between Poland and Hungary would seem to support this conclusion." Grand Rabbi Shmuel Schneersohn of Lubavitch was known to drink Kosher Tokaji wines on celebratory occasions, such as on completion of his famous series of discourses titled "Vekocho" in the year 1878. Tokaji wines have been famous for a long time, which has resulted in their name being "adopted" by other wines: Bordeaux wine Bordeaux wine ( Occitan : vin de Bordèu ; French : vin de Bordeaux )

2178-439: The châteaux of Bordeaux were classified ; this classification remains widely used today. From 1875 to 1892 almost all Bordeaux vineyards were ruined by phylloxera infestations. The region's wine industry was rescued by grafting native vines onto pest-resistant American rootstock . The major reason for the success of winemaking in the Bordeaux region is the excellent environment for growing vines. The geological foundation of

2244-627: The fall of the Austro-Hungarian Empire ), the finest eszencia Tokaji was not sold but was reserved for the Imperial cellars of the Habsburg monarchy . By the mid 18th century these finest eszencia Tokaji originally held by the Habsburgs were called "Imperial Tokay". Cases, barrels, and bottles of it often passed between European monarchs as gifts. In 2008, a bottle of Imperial Tokay bearing the seal of

2310-472: The first growths of the 1855 classification, and often sell for even higher prices. Bordeaux wine labels generally include: Claret ( / ˈ k l ær ɪ t / KLARR -it ) is a name primarily used in British English for red Bordeaux wine. Claret derives from the French clairet , now a rare dark rosé , which was the most common wine exported from Bordeaux until the 18th century. The name

2376-401: The generally humid Bordeaux climate, a variety of pests can cause a problem for the vigneron . In the past, this was counteracted by the widespread use of pesticides, although the use of natural methods has recently been gaining in popularity. The vines are generally trained in either single or double guyot. Hand-picking is preferred by most of the prestigious châteaux, but machine-harvesting

2442-475: The grape and evaporate much of the liquid inside, producing a higher concentration of sugar. Other types of grapes mature to the point of bursting, however, unlike most other grapes, Furmint will grow a second skin which seals it from rot. This also has the effect of concentrating the grape's natural sugars. The grapes are left on the vine long enough to develop the " noble rot " ( Botrytis cinerea ) mold. Grapes then are harvested, sometimes as late as December (and in

2508-561: The grape as simply Friulano . The grapes were also planted outside Italy in the Goriška region of Slovenia , especially in the Vipava Valley and Goriška Brda , and was known as "Tokaj". After the European Union prohibition, the Slovenian wine producers have first changed the name of the wine in Sauvignonasse or Zeleni sauvignon (Green Sauvignon). After a few years, in 2013 the name of "Tokaj"

2574-599: The grape called Sauvignon vert in California is actually Muscadelle , adding additional confusion. Unlike Sauvignon gris , which is a clonal mutation of Sauvignon blanc also found in Chile, Sauvignonasse (which means "Sauvignon-like") has no known genetic relationship with Sauvignon blanc. The vines were believed to be interspersed together in Bordeaux during the 19th century, when the cuttings were brought to Chile labeled as just "Sauvignon blanc". The leaves and berry clusters of

2640-440: The grape still remains a popular planting in the Friuli-Venezia Giulia and Goriška Brda, it currently has little presence in other parts of the world. It is unclear why the grape is called Sauvignon vert in Chile; although this has occasionally been used as a synonym in central France, there is a different grape called Sauvignon Vert (or Gros Sauvignon) in the Gironde region that has no known relation to Sauvignonasse. Furthermore,

2706-431: The largest appellation producing fine wines, and the strong foundation of the pyramid of Bordeaux wines, Bordeaux AOC & Bordeaux Supérieur AOC today account for 55% of all Bordeaux wines consumed in the world. Plan Bordeaux was an initiative introduced in 2005 by ONIVINS , the French vintners association, designed to reduce France's wine production in order to improve profitability for the remaining producers. Part of

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2772-560: The market. In November 2011 the president of the Union des Maisons de Négoce de Bordeaux announced an intention to use the term claret de Bordeaux for wines that are "light and fruity, easy to drink, in the same style as the original claret when it was prized by the English in former centuries". "Claret" is also sometimes used as a colour name to refer to the dark, purplish-red colour of Bordeaux wine . In Britain and Australia, "claret" has also been

2838-452: The other right bank appellations. These Right Bank blends from top -quality Châteaux are typically 70% Merlot, 15% Cabernet Franc and 15% Cabernet Sauvignon. White Bordeaux is predominantly, and exclusively in the case of the sweet Sauternes , made from Sémillon , Sauvignon blanc and Muscadelle . Typical blends are 80% Sémillon and 20% Sauvignon blanc. As with the reds, white Bordeaux wines are usually blends, most commonly of Sémillon and

2904-564: The overall production. Voivode Stephen the Great of Moldavia was said to be a very big fan of Tokay wines. He introduced to Moldavia the Kövérszőlő cultivar, that lead to the development of Grasă de Cotnari wine. Tokaji has since the 18th century been known as "Vinum Regum, Rex Vinorum" ("Wine of Kings, King of Wines"), an epithet sometimes attributed to King Louis XIV of France . In 1703, Francis Rákóczi II , Prince of Transylvania, gave Louis XIV some Tokaji wine from his Tokaj estate as

2970-473: The plan was to uproot 17,000 hectares of the 124,000 hectares of vineyards in Bordeaux. The wine industry in Bordeaux has been experiencing economic problems in the face of strong international competition from New World wines and declining wine consumption in France. In 2004, exports to the U.S. plummeted 59% in value over the previous year. Sales in Britain dropped 33% in value during the same period. The UK,

3036-511: The potential for very high levels of alcohol , with 14.5% ABV not being uncommon. The wine made from Sauvignonasse varies depending on the area in which it is produced. In the Friuli region, Friuilano and in Goriška Brda region, Jakot wine is typically full bodied , with moderate acidity , floral aromas and delicate fruit flavors. In Chile, Sauvignon vert typically starts with aromas of green apples in its youth that fade as it ages and

3102-409: The prices had been lowered for the very best Bordeaux wines. Syndicate des Vins de Bordeaux et Bordeaux Supérieur is an organization representing the economic interests of 6,700 wine producers in Bordeaux, France. The wine lake and other economic problems have increased the salience of the winemakers' association, whose members are facing increasing costs and decreasing demand for their product. As

3168-408: The protection of the nearby mountains. Winters are bitterly cold and windy; spring tends to be cool and dry, and summers are noticeably hot. Usually, autumn brings rain early on, followed by an extended Indian summer , allowing a very long ripening period. The Furmint grapes begin maturation with thick skins, but as they ripen the skins become thinner, and transparent. This allows the sun to penetrate

3234-511: The region is limestone, leading to a soil structure that is heavy in calcium. The Gironde estuary dominates the regions along with its tributaries , the Garonne and the Dordogne rivers, and together irrigate the land and provide an Atlantic Climate, also known as an oceanic climate , for the region. Bordeaux lies at the center of the confluence of the Dordogne and Garonne Rivers, which flow into

3300-520: The region, ranging from dry whites to the Eszencia, the world's sweetest wine. The area where Tokaji wine is traditionally grown is a small plateau, 457 metres (1,500 ft) above sea level, near the Carpathian Mountains . The soil is of volcanic origin, with high concentrations of iron and lime . The location of the region has a unique climate, beneficial to this particular viniculture, due to

3366-547: The request of Emperor Napoleon III for the Exposition Universelle de Paris . This came to be known as the Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855, which ranked the wines into five categories according to price. The first growth red wines (four from Médoc and one, Château Haut-Brion, from Graves), are among the most expensive wines in the world. The first growths are: At the same time,

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3432-447: The soil, sun exposure and potential to develop noble rot, botrytis cinerea, first class, second class and third class wines. A royal decree in 1757 established a closed production district in Tokaj. The classification system was completed by the national censuses of 1765 and 1772. In 1920, following the fall of the Austro-Hungarian Empire , a small part of the Tokaj wine region (approx. 1.75 km ) became part of Czechoslovakia due to

3498-532: The sweet white wines of Sauternes and Barsac were classified into three categories, with only Château d'Yquem being classified as a superior first growth. In 1955, St. Émilion AOC were classified into three categories, the highest being Premier Grand Cru Classé A with two members: In the 2012 classification, two more Châteaux became members: There is no official classification applied to Pomerol . However some Pomerol wines, notably Château Pétrus and Château Le Pin , are often considered as being equivalent to

3564-544: The term. Claret is occasionally used in the United States as a semi-generic label for red wine in the style of the Bordeaux, ideally from the same grapes as are permitted in Bordeaux. The French themselves do not use the term, except for export purposes. The meaning of "claret" has changed and now refers to a dry, dark-red Bordeaux. It has remained a term associated with the English upper class and consequently appears on bottles of generic red Bordeaux to raise their status in

3630-538: The trade of claret. This position continued largely unchanged after the Treaty of Edinburgh ended the military alliance between France and Scotland. Even when the by then Protestant kingdoms of England and Scotland, both ruled by the same Stuart king by this point, were trying to militarily aid the Huguenot rebels in their fight against Catholic France in La Rochelle , Scots trading vessels were not only permitted to enter

3696-420: The vineyard is often aged separately, and then blended into either the main or the second wine (or sold off wholesale) according to the judgment of the winemaker. The wine is then bottled and usually undergoes a further period of ageing before it is released for sale. The Bordeaux wine region is divided into subregions including Saint-Émilion , Pomerol , Médoc , and Graves . The 60 Bordeaux appellations and

3762-647: The wedding of the Venetian princess Aurora Formentini to the Hungarian Count Batthyány in 1632, some vines of Tocai Friulano were brought with the princess to Hungary. To better distinguish the wines and to protect the Tokaji name, the European Union established regulations prohibiting the use of names too closely associated and easily confused with Tokaji. Winemakers in the Friuli have elected to just refer to

3828-431: The well-drained gravel soils that are frequently found near the Gironde river. An old adage in Bordeaux is the best estates can "see the river" from their vineyards. The majority of land facing riverward is occupied by classified estates . Red Bordeaux is generally made from a blend of grapes. Permitted grapes are Cabernet Sauvignon , Cabernet Franc , Merlot , Petit Verdot , Malbec and Carménère . Today Carménère

3894-534: The wine cellar of the Royal Saxon Court sold at auction at Christie's for £1,955. It is not known for how long vines have been grown on the volcanic soil of the fork of the rivers Bodrog and Hernád . This predates the settlement of the Magyar tribes to the region. According to legend, the first aszú was made by Laczkó Máté Szepsi in 1630. However, mention of wine made from aszú grapes had already appeared in

3960-406: The wine styles they represent are usually categorized into six main families, four red based on the subregions and two white based on sweetness: The vast majority of Bordeaux wine is red, with red wine production outnumbering white wine production six to one. There are four different classifications of Bordeaux, covering different parts of the region: The 1855 classification system was made at

4026-514: The word Tocai is no longer permitted on Italian wine labels, the grape is still officially named Tocai Friulano in Italy's National Catalog of Grape Varieties. In addition, wineries outside of Europe are permitted to label wines made with this grape as Tocai Friulano . The main confusion in Europe of the name Tocai Friulano is due to the Hungarian wine known as Tokaji (Hungarian of Tokaj ), which does not have any Tocai Friulano in it at all, and

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4092-507: The world's most expensive and prestigious wines. The vast majority of wine produced in Bordeaux is red (sometimes called "claret" in Britain), with sweet white wines (most notably Sauternes ), dry whites, and (in much smaller quantities) rosé and sparkling wines ( Crémant de Bordeaux ) collectively making up the remainder. Bordeaux wine is made by more than 5,660 producers or châteaux . There are 65 appellations of Bordeaux wine. Viticulture

4158-580: Was anglicised to "claret" as a result of its widespread consumption in England during the period in the 12th–15th centuries that Aquitaine was part of the Angevin Empire and continued to be controlled by Kings of England for some time after the Angevins . It is a protected name within the European Union , describing a red Bordeaux wine, accepted after the British wine trade demonstrated over 300 years' usage of

4224-583: Was Tokaji. Besides Louis XIV, several other European monarchs are known to have been keen consumers of the wine. Louis XV and Frederick the Great tried to outdo one another when they treated guests such as Voltaire with Tokaji. Napoleon III , the last Emperor of the French , ordered 30–40 barrels of Tokaji at the French Royal Court every year. Pope Pius IV (1499–1565) at the Council of Trent in 1562, exclaimed: Summum pontificem talia vina decent! (This

4290-536: Was changed to "Jakot", now the official name for the grapes and wine from Slovenia wine regions. From Italy the grape is believed to have spread to France , where it was transported to Chile as "Sauvignon blanc". Only in the 1990s did ampelographers determine that the Chilean "Sauvignon blanc" was actually Sauvignonasse, which they called Sauvignon vert in Chile. Once the discovery was made, plantings of "true" Sauvignon blanc increased, as Sauvignon vert decreased. While

4356-458: Was introduced into the Bordeaux region by the Romans , probably in the mid-1st century CE, to provide wine for local consumption, and wine production has been continuous in the region since then. During the 12th century, the popularity of Bordeaux wines in England increased dramatically following the marriage in 1152 of Henry Plantagenet and Eleanor of Aquitaine , whose Aquitaine lands included

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