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67-498: The district is named after the Recollects , a friars' order to which the first missionaries sent from the colony of Quebec were sent to the country of the Hurons ; including Nicolas Viel . Viel had been one of the first missionaries in the country of the Hurons since 1923. In May 1625, Viel decided to return to Quebec city in the company of a band of Hurons , including Ahuntsic, with

134-507: A French reform branch of the Friars Minor , a Franciscan order. Denoted by their gray habits and pointed hoods, the Recollects devoted their lives to an extra emphasis on prayer, penance and spiritual reflection (recollection), focusing on living in small, remote communities the better to facilitate these goals. Today they are best known for their activities as missionaries in various parts of

201-775: A Recollect chaplain who accompanied LaSalle, Father Zenobius , preached to the Tensas tribe on the lower Mississippi River using his knowledge of the Illinois language . In 1759, British conquest once again interfered with the Franciscans. Five years later, the bishop of Quebec , Jean-François Hubert , annulled the vows of any friar professed after 1784. Their numbers gradually decreased until, by 1791, only five friars remained. The last Canadian Recollect, Father Louis Demers, died in Montreal in 1813. In Newfoundland , Recollect friars established

268-587: A certain degree of self-rule. A bishop of such province is called the metropolitan bishop or metropolitan . The Catholic Church (both Latin and Eastern Catholic), the Orthodox Churches and the Anglican Communion all have provinces. These provinces are led by a metropolitan archbishop . Ecclesiastical provinces first corresponded to the civil provinces of the Roman Empire . From the second half of

335-691: A community with shared beliefs. This is the meaning taken in the Greek translation of the Hebrew Scriptures (the Septuagint ), and later adopted by the Christian community to refer to the assembly of believers. In the history of Western world (sometimes more precisely as Greco-Roman world ) adopted by the Roman Empire and the Byzantine Empire , Christian ecclesiastical provinces were named by analogy with

402-617: A conclave to divide the territory of Quebec. Jean Dolbeau was assigned the northern shore of the Saint Lawrence Valley , the territory of the Montagnais (Innu), as well as the post of Tadoussac . Joseph Le Caron was given the Huron mission and other Amerindian populations in the regions of the Great Lakes . Denis Jamet receives missions between Quebec City and Trois-Rivières . As part of

469-496: A difficult barrier to overcome. To solve this problem, the Recollects recruited truchements (helpers), who were young and resourceful men from humble backgrounds, to interpret indigenous linguistic patterns and respond with gestures and miming. The truchements were supported financially by the missionaries, giving some the opportunity to rise within New France's social ranks. For example, Nicolas Marsolet  [ fr ]

536-510: A friary in 1689 at the island's capital, Plaisance (now Placentia ), which was staffed until 1701 by friars from Saint-Denis , near Paris . In 1701, they were replaced by friars from Brittany , an arrangement which lasted until the expulsion of the French from Newfoundland in 1714 after the Treaty of Utrecht . In English-speaking Newfoundland, Recollect priests from Ireland played a significant role in

603-509: A grouping of dioceses within a member church, commonly known as a metropolitical province, metropolitan province, or internal province. The Church of England is divided into two such provinces: Canterbury and York . The Anglican Church of Australia has five provinces: New South Wales , Queensland , South Australia , Victoria and Western Australia , and an extraprovincial diocese of Tasmania . The Anglican Church of Canada has four: British Columbia and Yukon , Canada , Ontario , and

670-465: A number of orders and congregations . This is true of most, though not all, religious communities founded after the year AD 1000, as well as the Augustinians , who date from earlier. A province of a religious institute is typically headed by a provincial superior . The title differs by each institute's tradition (provincial minister for Franciscans ; provincial prior for Dominicans ; provincial for

737-641: A province. The following are some examples: Historical development of ecclesiastical provinces in the Eastern Orthodox Church was influenced by strong tendencies of internal administrative centralization. Since the First Ecumenical Council (325), the Archbishop of Alexandria was given supreme jurisdiction over all provinces of Egypt. Similar authority was also granted to Archbishop of Antioch regarding jurisdiction over provinces of Orient. Since

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804-570: A result of this voyage, Sagard published one of his more notable works Le grand voyage du Pays des Hurons (1632) and later his Histoire du Canada (1636) in which he described the daily life, customs, and habits of the Hurons . To this day Leclercq's Nouvelle Relation de la Gaspésie and Sagard's Le grand voyage du Pays des Hurons is considered an important piece belonging to the large corpus of texts published on eastern Canada during its French regime. The Recollects were also present in other parts of

871-465: A useful dictionary. Despite their limited financial resources and small numbers, the Recollects were the first to carry out significant missionary work in New France. For example, they were the first pastors in the colony at Port Royal. Jean Dolbeau celebrated the first Mass ever said in Quebec. He became Provincial Commissary of the mission in 1618 and preached the first jubilee accorded to Canada. He built

938-566: Is where the neighborhood of Recoleta got its name. The Recollects established a friary in Antigua, Guatemala . It was destroyed by the Santa Marta earthquakes of 1773 and is preserved today as a national monument, La Recolección Architectural Complex . The Recollect monastery/convent in Asunción was nationalised by José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia in 1824. Through the presence of Spanish rule in

1005-741: The Anglo-French War of 1626–1629 in Europe, the British captured Quebec City on 20 July 1629. On 9 September that year, the Recollects were forced to return to France along with the Jesuits, who were forcibly removed on 21 July. The two groups of friars were transported to Calais , France, where they arrived on 29 October 1629. The Recollects petitioned the French government several times between 1630 and 1637 to return to New France, but were blocked by Cardinal Richelieu and his agents, who were determined to keep both

1072-688: The Church of the Province of West Africa , have the word "province" in their names. These member churches are known as "provinces of the Anglican Communion", and are headed by a primate , who is usually also styled archbishop, but may have an alternative title such as primus (for example, the Primus of the Scottish Episcopal Church ), presiding bishop , or moderator . The word is also used to refer to

1139-544: The Eastern Catholic Churches , the patriarchal or major archiepiscopal Churches may also be divided into ecclesial provinces, each headed by a metropolitan. The Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church has several , two of them in the United States and Canada. Some other Eastern Catholic Churches of a lower category and generally less populous, are known as metropolitanates . They are headed by a single metropolitan,

1206-511: The Fourth Ecumenical Council (451), Patriarch of Constantinople was given the right to consecrate metropolitan bishops in all regions that were placed under his supreme jurisdiction. In time, previous administrative autonomy of original ecclesiastical provinces was gradually and systematically reduced in favor of patriarchal centralization. Ancient practice of annual councils of provincial bishops, headed by their local metropolitans,

1273-547: The Jesuits . When Samuel de Champlain returned from his sixth voyage to Canada on 26 May 1613, he made plans to bring missionaries on his next voyage. Champlain had initially turned to the Recollects after receiving advice from his friend Sieur Louis Houel, Secretary to King Louis XIII and controller-general of the salt works at Hiers-Brouage . Houel was familiar with the Recollects who had been established in Brouage since 1610. Since

1340-585: The Latin Church is reserved to the Holy See . There are exceptions to these rules: The authority of a Latin Church metropolitan over the other sees within his province is now very limited. During a vacancy in a suffragan diocese, the metropolitan names a temporary diocesan administrator if the college of Consultors of the diocese fails to elect one within the prescribed period. A metropolitan generally presides at

1407-679: The Low Countries , the reform took hold there, and then spread to the German friars. By the end of the 17th century, all of the provinces of the German-Belgian Nation of the Order of Friars Minor were Recollect. This branch of the Recollects did not die out with the French Revolution but survived and was reinvigorated in the 19th century. By that period, it was one of the four major branches of

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1474-589: The Northern Lights . The Church of Ireland has two: Armagh and Dublin . The Episcopal Church in the United States of America (ECUSA) numbers, rather than names, its nine provinces . In all cases apart from ECUSA each metropolitan or internal province is headed by a metropolitan bishop with the title archbishop. The Evangelical State Church in Prussia , formed in 1821 (renamed: Evangelical State Church in Prussia's older Provinces in 1875, Evangelical Church of

1541-679: The Sulpicians who owned Montreal and its surrounding region. At this point, the conversion of Amerindians to Christianity was no longer the main priority of the Recollects, as they were more concerned with rebuilding infrastructure that had been left behind following their expulsion by the British in 1629. Nonetheless, they continued to partake in evangelization missions in Gaspesia , in Acadia , and in Louisiana . The Recollects usually had close connections to

1608-453: The archdiocese (or archeparchy ), headed by a metropolitan bishop or archbishop who has ecclesiastical jurisdiction over all other bishops of the province. In the Greco-Roman world , ecclesia ( Ancient Greek : ἐκκλησία ; Latin : ecclesia ) was used to refer to a lawful assembly, or a called legislative body . As early as Pythagoras , the word took on the additional meaning of

1675-452: The 2nd century, the bishops of these provinces were accustomed to assemble on important occasions for common counsel in synods . From the end of that century the summons to attend these increasingly important synods was usually issued by the bishop of the capital or metropolis of the province, who also presided over the assembly, especially in the East. Important communications were also forwarded to

1742-741: The Augustinians, simply "provincial" or "provincial father" for the Jesuits and many others, for instance). The borders of a religious institute's provinces are determined independently of any diocesan structure, and so the borders often differ from the 'secular', or diocesan, ecclesiastical provinces. The orders' provinces are usually far larger than a diocese, a secular province, or even a country, though sometimes they are smaller in an institute's heartland . Most monastic orders are not organized by provinces. In general, they organise their administration through autonomous houses, in some cases grouped in larger families. For example, each Benedictine abbey

1809-521: The Christian West as in the East. It was only after the 5th century that such gradually developed, mostly in accordance with the ancient divisions of the Roman Empire. In Italy alone, on account of the central ecclesiastical position of Rome, this development was slower. However, at the end of antiquity the existence of church provinces as the basis of ecclesiastical administration was fairly universal in

1876-632: The French bureaucracy, the Recollects petitioned the papacy in Rome to return to New France, and succeeded in gaining permission to undertake their endeavour in 1637. However, they were once again denied passage aboard French ships. This conflict continued in 1643 when Queen Anne of Austria , the regent of France, granted their request; but once again no transport was obtained. The Recollects would not re-enter New France until 1670, nearly forty years since their expulsion After returning, they reestablished missions at Quebec, Trois-Rivières, and Montreal. On 22 March 1682

1943-408: The French colony. The Recollects never neglected the French settlers in favour of devoting themselves entirely to the conversion of natives. French settlers were seen by the Recollects as the key to creating their ideal society; they wished to promote French-Native intermarriage, in the hopes of eventually building a larger Christian settlement. In practice, however, the native populations encountered by

2010-589: The Jesuit Acadian mission had failed in 1613 following a British raid led by Captain Samuel Argall against Port Royal in present-day Nova Scotia . There had also been resentment towards Jesuits in France at the time when Champlain was planning his mission. Echoes of controversies between the Jesuits and Jean de Biencourt de Poutrincourt et de Saint-Just, the lieutenant-governor of Acadia, involving comments made about

2077-538: The Jesuits and the Recollects out of New France. Several Recollects, including veteran missionary Joseph Le Caron, appealed to the Capuchin missionaries, originally from New England , to return the Quebec mission to them. The Capuchins acquiesced, but Cardinal Richelieu ordered that the Jesuits replace the Capuchins in Quebec, additionally forbidding the Recollects from travelling on French ships to New France. Frustrated with

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2144-783: The Order of Friars Minor, all of which lived under obedience to the minister general of the order, but under their own procurators general . All of them were merged in the Great Union of 1897 mandated by Pope Leo XIII . At that time, there were seven provinces of Recollects. Ecclesiastical province An ecclesiastical province is one of the basic forms of jurisdiction in Christian churches , including those of both Western Christianity and Eastern Christianity , that have traditional hierarchical structures. An ecclesiastical province consists of several dioceses (or eparchies ), one of them being

2211-523: The Order, into the Observant Friars Minor . In Latin Ordo fratrum minorum recollectorum , this last word is the genitive form of recollecti ( sg. : recollectus , a participle of recolligere , ‘to gather’). The word is related to the French words recueilli (‘contemplative, meditative’) and recueillement ("gathering one's thought in contemplation, meditation"). The origin of

2278-493: The Recollects had no intentions on settling permanently in the French colony. This led the missionaries to instead travel alongside indigenous communities in the hopes of teaching them about the Catholic faith, much like their Jesuit counterparts. The goal of the Recollects in New France was to undertake missionary work among the indigenous peoples who lived there. This work was not without its challenges; for example, language proved

2345-581: The West. In the Carolingian period they were reorganized, and have retained their place ever since. In the Catholic Church , a province consists of a metropolitan archdiocese and one or more (1-13) suffragan dioceses headed by diocesan bishops or territorial prelatures and missions sui iuris. The archbishop of the metropolitan see is the metropolitan of the province. The delimitation of church provinces in

2412-537: The ancient practice by creating internal ecclesiastical provinces on the middle (regional) level of church administration. In the Romanian Orthodox Church there are six regional metropolitanates, headed by local metropolitans who preside over regional synods of local bishops, and have special duties and privileges. For example, the Metropolitan of Oltenia has regional jurisdiction over four local dioceses. On

2479-478: The bishop of the provincial capital to be brought to the notice of the other bishops. Thus in the East during the 3rd century the bishop of the provincial metropolis came gradually to occupy a certain superior position, and received the name of metropolitan. At the First Council of Nicaea (325) this position of the metropolitan was taken for granted, and was made the basis for conceding to him definite rights over

2546-469: The difficulties encountered by missionaries when converting natives, which led to these texts being dismissed by readers as pessimistic. This explains, in part with the burning of the Recollects convent in 1796, the small quantity of texts related to the missions which have survived to this day. Recollects were important in the documentation of indigenous life in New France. Chrestien Leclercq wrote Nouvelle Relation de la Gaspésie , which concerns itself with

2613-425: The first friary of the Recollects at Quebec in 1620. Texts written by Recollect missionaries combined aspects of natural history and ethnography, as they generally paid very close attention to the environments these men lived in. In the case of Sagard, he describes everything that he sees, from plants, to animals, to his relations with the natives he encounters. Compared to the Jesuits, Recollect presence in New France

2680-567: The first metropolitan appears during the 4th century, the Bishop of Carthage being recognized as primate of the dioceses of Northern Africa; metropolitans of the separate provinces gradually appear, although the boundaries of these provinces did not coincide with the divisions of the empire. A similar development was witnessed in Spain , Gaul , and Italy . The migration of the nations, however, prevented an equally stable formation of ecclesiastical provinces in

2747-448: The hierarch of a fixed episcopal see , As head of an autonomous Church, his name is mentioned in the liturgy of that Church immediately after that of the Pope and, in suffragan eparchies, ahead of that of the local hierarch. The borders of provinces have often been inspired, or even determined, by historical or present political borders ; the same is often true of diocesan borders within

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2814-466: The installation and consecration of a new bishop in the province. The tribunal of the metropolitan see generally serves as the first court of appeal regarding canonical matters of provincial diocesan tribunals. The metropolitan's insignia is the pallium. The article in the Catholic Encyclopedia of 1911 on metropolitan shows that the metropolitan then had scarcely any more power than now. In

2881-562: The intention of making a few days' retreat and then returning to his missions. It is known that both Viel and Ahuntsic drowned in the last chute of the Riviere des Prairies, which from that time bears the name of Sault-au-Récollet . An adjacent district has also been named in honour of Ahuntsic . The Sulpician missionaries had been operating a mission to the indigenous peoples of the area at Fort de la Montagne for about 20 years when they decided to move to Sault-au-Récollet. Part of this decision

2948-403: The introduction and early leadership of Roman Catholicism on the island, following the public announcement of religious liberty to Roman Catholics by Governor John Campbell in 1784. The evangelization missions taking place between 1615 and 1629 can be divided into three periods. The first, from 1615 to 1623, was a period of discovery: it marked their initial effort at understanding and discovering

3015-551: The merchants from the Société des Marchands de Rouen et de Saint-Malo were paying Champlain's expensive transportation costs, they insisted he and Houel choose effective yet inexpensive missionaries to join the voyage. Thus, the vows of poverty observed by friars played in their favor. Champlain was also influenced by the successful Franciscan missions in the New World and in Japan. Furthermore,

3082-480: The mission in New France, Fathers Joseph Le Caron , Jean Dolbeau , and Brother Pacifique Duplessis (du Plessis) were chosen as missionaries to accompany Champlain. Although the Recollects were not the first religious order in New France (the Jesuits had been in Acadia since 1611), they were the first to enter and establish themselves as an order in the province of Quebec. Upon arrival the Recollet Fathers formed

3149-465: The name "Recollects" is still debated. Some historians attribute it to the recollection houses (retreats). Others credit it to the orders’ practice of accepting only those who possessed the ability of recollection. The Recollect branch of the Friars Minor developed out of a reform movement of the Order which began in 16th-century Spain under figures such as Peter of Alcantara , where the followers of

3216-494: The natives. In fact, when they first arrived in New France, they openly welcomed "unruly" native children within their walls in order to teach them the way of God. Even though they quickly realized that they did not have enough money to continue this mission, they still maintained relatively good relations with the natives, especially with the Hurons . As the Recollect Gabriel Sagard shows in his writings, their convent

3283-426: The old-Prussian Union in 1922), had ecclesiastical provinces (Kirchenprovinzen) as administrative subsections mostly following the boundaries of those political Provinces of Prussia which formed part of the state before 1866, with some border changes after 1920 following WWI territorial cessions. The term province , or occasionally religious province , also refers to a geographical and administrative subdivision in

3350-535: The other bishops and dioceses of the state province. In Eastern canon law since the 4th century (cf. also the Synod of Antioch of 341, can. ix), it was a principle that every civil province was likewise a church province under the supreme direction of the metropolitan, i.e. of the bishop of the provincial capital. This division into ecclesiastical provinces did not develop so early in the Western Empire. In North Africa

3417-421: The other hand, a majority of Eastern Orthodox Churches remain and function as highly centralized church bodies, each of them functioning as a single ecclesiastical province. Member churches of the Anglican Communion are often referred to as provinces . Some provinces are coterminous with the boundaries of political states, some include multiple nations while others include only parts of a nation. Some, such as

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3484-514: The reform were known as Alcantarines. It was observed by communities of friars in France in Tulle in 1585, at Nevers in 1592, at Limoges in 1596 and in Paris at Couvent des Récollets in 1603. The distinctive character of Recollection houses was that they were friaries to which brothers desirous of devoting themselves to prayer and penance could withdraw to consecrate their lives to spiritual reflection. At

3551-508: The regicide of King Henry IV on 14 May 1610, resonated in France. These events persuaded Champlain that the Recollects were the right religious order to bring to New France. The Recollects travelled to New France with Champlain in 1615, where they first arrived at Tadoussac in May 1615, and later travelled to Quebec City in June 1615. Father Denis Jamet, the commissary overseeing the establishment of

3618-418: The regions of Huronia and Tadoussac . During the second phase, from 1623 to 1625, the Recollects concentrated their efforts of evangelization in Huronia. The third period, from 1625 until their expulsion from New France in 1629, marks a time frame in which the Recollects shared their territory with the Jesuits, as the latter only arrived in New France in 1625. Recollect and Jesuit missionaries were very much

3685-416: The same time, they were also active in many pastoral ministries, becoming especially known as military chaplains to the French army. The French Recollects had 11 provinces , with 2,534 friaries by the late 18th century. The branch was suppressed during the French Revolution . The Recollects were important as early missionaries to the French colonies in Canada , although they were later displaced by

3752-450: The same, in the sense that both orders sought to Christianize natives, while at the same time using similar methodologies. Within the Recollect theory of conversion, the French settlers in New France played a primordial role in the Christianization of indigenous peoples. They believed that colonization and evangelization were inseparable. On the contrary, the Jesuits held their evangelization efforts completely separate from their involvement in

3819-431: The secular Roman province as well as certain extraterritorial formations of the western world in early medieval times (see Early Middle Ages ). The administrative seat of each province is an episcopal see . In hierarchical Christian churches that have dioceses, a province is a collection of those dioceses (as a basic unit of administration). Over the years certain provinces adopted the status of metropolis and have

3886-449: The ways of life of those indigenous communities that he resided with as a result of his missions among the Mi’kmaq of Gaspésie. As a result of spending so much time among the Mi’kmaq people, Leclercq was able to learn their language. His fluency in their dialect allowed him to compose a dictionary of the Mi’kmaq language, meant to serve as an aid for future missionaries who would live among these First Nations people. Pacifique Duplessis

3953-432: The world, most notably in early French Canada. This branch of the Order had its origins in the 16th century. Officially named the "Order of Friars Minor Recollect", they used the post-nominal initials O.F.M. Rec. ( Latin : Ordo fratrum minorum recollectorum ) or O.M.R. ( Ordo minorum recollectorum ). In 1897 Pope Leo XIII dissolved the Recollect branch and merged it, along with several other reform branches of

4020-470: The world. In 1521, the Province des Anges sent a few missionaries, R.P. Martin de Valence with nine priests and two fathers in the West Indies , and there, they converted in a very short time more than one thousand and two hundred Indians. In the late 17th century, the order had these provinces outside of Europe: four in New Spain , four in Peru , and two elsewhere in Latin America and two in Southeast Asia. The Recollect monastery/convent in Buenos Aires

4087-466: Was also abandoned in favor of centralized councils, headed by patriarchs and attended by metropolitan bishops. The creation of new autonomous and autocephalous jurisdictions was also marked by tendencies of internal centralization. The newly created Archbishopric of Ohrid (1018) was structured as a single ecclesiastical province, headed by an archbishop who had jurisdiction over all of his suffragan bishops. In 1219, autocephalous Serbian Orthodox Church

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4154-404: Was also organized as one ecclesiastical province, headed by an archbishop with direct jurisdiction over all Serbian bishops. By the end of Middle Ages , each autocephalous and autonomous church in Eastern Orthodoxy was functioning as a single, internally integrated ecclesiastical province, headed by a local patriarch or archbishop. Only in modern times, some Eastern Orthodox Churches have revived

4221-428: Was due to an increase in brandy trade and exposure to alcoholism, and part was to move the fort to a more easily defended section of the island. In 1696, a flock of 210 Algonquins was moved to Fort Lorette under the guidance of Fr Robert Gay . This Quebec location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Recollects The Franciscan Recollects ( French : Récollets ) were

4288-445: Was granted a seigneury , while Pierre Boucher became governor of Trois-Rivières, later founding the town of Boucherville . Their return to New France in 1670 was led by Father Germain Allart, accompanied by Gabriel de la Ribourde, Simple Landon, Hilarion Guenin, Anselme Bardoun, and Brother Luc. The territory of Quebec had since been carved up amongst the Jesuits, who claimed the Laurentian Valley and other western territories, and

4355-455: Was later sent to Trois-Rivères, where he evangelized Aboriginal communities, cared for the sick, and educated children. Because of the latter, he has been considered the first schoolmaster in New France. In 1620, the Recollects completed construction on the Notre-Dame-des-Agnes convent in Quebec, the first Canadian convent and Seminary. Father Nicolas Viel travelled to Huronia with Gabriel Sagard and other missionaries to assist Father Le Caron. As

4422-468: Was minimal. The writings of the Recollects were less popular than those of the Jesuits, who targeted a wider audience. Consequently, their works were less influential for the Jesuit writings on New France were considered more authoritative sources on the New World. When writing about their missions, the Recollects emphasized the importance of observing, interacting with and understanding indigenous societies prior to writing about them. Their works often spoke of

4489-544: Was very close to a few indigenous settlements, and he himself was very good friend with some Hurons. Some even addressed him with Huron kinship terms; some called him Ayein (meaning "son"), and others called him Ataquen (meaning "brother"). He also writes about what a typical day with them looked like: He would usually eat with them, and then he would sometimes follow them as they went about their everyday lives. They taught him about their beliefs, their customs, and they taught him their language, which would later help him in creating

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