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39-397: Mammy leaves for her Saturday night bridge club. Tom then rushes to the window and signals to his three alley cat friends, Butch , Topsy , and Lightning that it is "ok for the party". They arrive for a loud session of jazz music; however, the noise disturbs Jerry, who is trying to sleep. He complains to Tom, who ignores him. Jerry tries to disrupt the party by tearing the tonearm off

78-398: A Southern accent . Her signature quotes are "Land Sakes!" and "What in the world is going on in here?" --the latter of which is usually delivered upon rushing in to investigate the commotion being caused by Tom and Jerry. Cultural norms at the time led viewers to believe she was the maid due to her apron and ethnicity. Housing , financial , and residential segregation of Black Americans

117-493: A foundling baby in the 1946 short The Milky Waif . Jerry and Tuffy were also featured together in a sub-series of Tom and Jerry cartoons set in 17th century France which featured the characters as musketeers . The first of these shorts, The Two Mouseketeers , won the 1951 Academy Award for Best Short Subject: Cartoons . Hanna and Barbera served as writer/directors of the Tom and Jerry cartoons until 1956, when they also became

156-414: A 1975 article, animator Mark Kausler referred to the Tom & Jerry character as Mammy Two-Shoes , elaborating that she was "so named because her face was never shown; only shots from the mid-shoulders down" . The name would then establish its usage in official material. For example, the 2005 DVD Tom and Jerry Spotlight Collection Vol. 2 includes an introduction featuring Whoopi Goldberg explaining

195-430: A dance sequence with him and Gene Kelly . A sequence in the short The Milky Waif (1946) features Jerry and Nibbles disguising themselves as a pair of black people, in which the former is voiced by Lillian Randolph (same voice as Mammy Two Shoes ). Paul Frees did Jerry's speaking voice in the shorts His Mouse Friday (1951) and Blue Cat Blues (1956). Manuel Paris did Jerry's voice in the short Mucho Mouse (1957). When

234-451: A number of the episodes after that (such as A Mouse in the House and Mouse Cleaning ). A white woman named " Mrs. Two-Shoes " appeared in some episodes of Tom and Jerry Tales . She had most aspects of Mammy Two Shoes's personality with a similar name, but without acts of animal cruelty . Within the animated canon of Tom and Jerry , the character is never referred to by any name. In

273-617: A number of voice actors over the years. Ever since his debut in Puss Gets the Boot his vocal effects were provided by co-creator William Hanna during the Hanna-Barbera era. Harry E. Lang did Jerry's vocal effects and speaking voice in the shorts The Lonesome Mouse (1943) and Mouse in Manhattan (1945). Sara Berner voiced Jerry in the short The Zoot Cat (1944), as well as Anchors Aweigh (1945) in

312-405: A red bowtie (just like what he used to have in the 1975 Tom and Jerry Show ) and has a tuft of hair on his head. He often taunts Tom (as a kitten ) any chance he gets. Sometimes, in a few episodes, he is friends with/allies of Tom. Like Tom, Jerry is usually a silent character, but this is not a strict rule, and several people have voiced him in various capacities over the years: Jerry has had

351-484: A series of direct-to-video features, and Tom and Jerry: The Movie , a 1992 theatrical film. Later productions eschewed much of the violence the 1940s and 1950s shorts were known for, and in several of the television shows Jerry was given a red bowtie and a kinder disposition in Tom & Jerry Kids . Tom and Jerry aren't always enemies; they have been known to team up on occasion. The first Tom and Jerry short/film that Jerry

390-426: Is just following orders or is even just minding his own business and is antagonized by Jerry). Hanna and Barbera considered Tom and Jerry "the best of enemies", whose rivalry hid an unspoken amount of mutual caring and respect for one another. In later Tom and Jerry cartoons, Jerry acquired a young ward: a small grey mouse called " Tuffy " or "Nibbles" depending upon the cartoon, who was left on Jerry's doorstep as

429-595: Is scared by Jerry onto a stool and shakes with fear as a diamond ring, false teeth, a pair of dice, and a straight razor fall from beneath her dress. In response to the NAACP's campaign and angry about the potential loss of acting roles, Lillian Randolph questioned the authority of then-NAACP president Walter White , stating that the light-complexioned White was "only one-eighth Negro and not qualified to speak for Negroes." When Randolph departed from Tom & Jerry to appear on television, Hanna and Barbera declined to recast

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468-411: Is the character that originated the name Mammy Twoshoes , via a storybook retelling of the original Three Orphan Kittens short. In the context of the book, "Mammy Twoshoes" is a nickname playfully given to her by the kittens, due to the fact that her big shoes is what stands out about her in their perspective. The similarity between the two characters would cause the conflation of their identities. In

507-700: The MGM cartoon studio shut down in 1957 and Gene Deitch and European animation studio Rembrandt Studio took over, he and Allen Swift did Jerry's voice during the 1961–62 era. During the Chuck Jones era in 1963–1967, his voice was provided by Mel Blanc, June Foray, Chuck Jones, and Abe Levitow. Terence Monk did his voice in the short The Cat Above and the Mouse Below (1964) and Dale McKennon did Jerry's singing voice in Cat and Dupli-cat (1967). In The Tom and Jerry Show (1975), Jerry

546-581: The Tom and Jerry cartoons featuring her for television. These versions used rotoscoping techniques to replace Mammy on-screen with a similarly stocky white woman (in most shorts) or a thin white woman (in Saturday Evening Puss ); Randolph's voice on the soundtracks was replaced by an Irish-accented (or, in Puss , generic young adult) voice performed by actress June Foray . Three years after Turner Broadcasting System acquired Tom & Jerry from MGM ,

585-488: The Chocolate Factory (2017), Sam Vincent in Tom and Jerry Tales (2006-2008). In The Tom and Jerry Show (2014 TV series) , Jerry's vocal effects are provided by the show's sound designer Rich Danhakl and archival recordings of William Hanna from the original theatrical shorts. In Tom & Jerry (2021 film) , his voice was provided by André Sogliuzzo and archived recordings of William Hanna. On November 18, 2021, it

624-484: The House (1947), Mouse Cleaning (1948), and Saturday Evening Puss (1950). Mammy appeared in 19 cartoons, from Puss Gets the Boot (1940) to Push-Button Kitty (1952). Her appearances have often been edited out, dubbed, or re-animated in later television showings, since the mammy stereotype is now usually considered racist . Her creation points to the ubiquity of stereotype in American popular culture , and

663-571: The UK, as well as the US DVD release of Tom and Jerry Spotlight Collection , Warner Bros. Home Entertainment Academy Awards Animation Collection , and Tom and Jerry: The Deluxe Anniversary Collection and the US DVD and Blu-ray releases of Tom and Jerry Golden Collection , retain Randolph's original voice. The Region 2 Complete Collectors Edition DVD boxset has Vidale's voice on the first DVD and Randolph in

702-771: The Whiskers (2002), Marc Silk in Tom and Jerry in War of the Whiskers (2002; as Monster Jerry), Spike Brandt in The Karate Guard (2005), Tom and Jerry: A Nutcracker Tale (2007), Tom and Jerry Meet Sherlock Holmes (2010), Tom and Jerry and the Wizard of Oz (2011), Tom and Jerry: Robin Hood and His Merry Mouse (2012), Tom and Jerry's Giant Adventure (2013), Tom and Jerry: The Lost Dragon (2014), Tom and Jerry: Spy Quest (2015), Tom and Jerry Back to Oz (2016), and Tom and Jerry: Willy Wonka and

741-541: The animated segment of Anchors Aweigh , which was mentioned as "stealing the show" in contemporary trade reviews, led to two more live-action/animated projects for Hanna and Barbera and MGM: an underwater ballet sequence featuring both Tom and Jerry in the 1953 film Dangerous When Wet , with Esther Williams , and the "Sinbad the Sailor" sequence of Kelly's 1956 film Invitation to the Dance . In 1990, this version of Jerry wears

780-401: The cartoons featuring Mammy were edited again. This time, Lillian Randolph's voice was replaced with that of Thea Vidale , who re-recorded the dialogue to remove Mammy's stereotype . These re-recorded versions of the cartoons would air on Turner's Cartoon Network -related cable channels, and have at times turned up on DVD as well. However, some European TV showings of these cartoons, especially

819-557: The cats were playing, turning Jerry's brief contentment to immediate dismay and leaving him no better off than before. In the re-animated 1966 version, Mammy Two Shoes was replaced with a white teenage girl, and her night out at the Lucky Seven Bridge Club was redone as a night out dancing with her boyfriend. Her voice was provided by voice actress June Foray, and the animation changes were done by MGM Animation/Visual Arts . In addition, Jerry's voice when he complains to Tom about

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858-749: The character was removed from the series after 1953 due to protests from the NAACP . Mammy's debut appearance was in Puss Gets The Boot (1940), while her last appearance was in Push-Button Kitty (1952). She was originally voiced by well-known African-American character actress Lillian Randolph . She was the second prominent black character of the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer cartoon studio , following Bosko . She appeared in 19 Tom and Jerry animated shorts between 1940 and 1952. One of Mammy's roles in

897-518: The cutting continuity filed with each short at the Library of Congress always referred to the character as "Maid." Mammy Two-Shoes was retired from the Tom & Jerry cartoons by Hanna and Barbera following several years of protests and condemnations from the NAACP . A 1949 reissue of the 1943 short The Lonesome Mouse prompted the start of the NAACP's campaign against Tom & Jerry . In this short, Mammy

936-424: The films was to set up the plot by warning Tom that she will toss him out of the house if he failed to act according to her wishes. She invariably catches Tom acting against her orders, and there are grave consequences. Naturally, it is Jerry that sabotages Tom to get him in trouble. She always called Tom by his full name Thomas (originally Jasper ), and frequently used African-American Vernacular English with

975-498: The known written publications of the period by the studio, she is referred to by generic terms such as "the housekeeper" or "the maid". The first known official name given to the character was Dinah , which originated in the comic book series Our Gang Comics . A very similar character, who was also played by Lillian Randolph, had appeared previously in Disney's Silly Symphony series, most notably Three Orphan Kittens (1935). This

1014-459: The mouse into performing a song-and-dance number with him. Kelly and MGM had originally wanted Walt Disney 's Mickey Mouse as Kelly's dance partner for the sequence, but Disney was unwilling to license the character. Hanna and Barbera achieved the effect of Kelly dancing with Jerry by rotoscoping : live-action plates of Kelly dancing alone were shot first, and the action traced frame by frame so that Jerry's movements would match. The success of

1053-414: The mouse, who tells Beulah — who hurriedly stops the party. Marvelous cartoon." DVD: Mammy Two Shoes Mammy Two Shoes is a fictional character in MGM 's Tom and Jerry cartoons. She is a middle-aged African American woman based on the mammy stereotype . As a partially-seen character , her head was rarely seen, except in a few cartoons including Part Time Pal (1947), A Mouse in

1092-418: The noise is muted out. This changed version is found on The Art Of Tom & Jerry laserdisc release and The Very Best of Tom & Jerry VHS release both by MGM/UA Home Video in the 1990s. The Film Daily reviewed the cartoon on February 16, 1950, saying, "When Beulah, the maid, steps out to her Saturday night social, Tom the cat decides to throw a shindig for the rest of the gang. This disturbs Jerry,

1131-437: The phonograph, shutting Topsy in a drawer and slamming the piano lid shut on Butch's hands. The cats chase Jerry back into his mouse hole but, deciding that they will not be able to party as long as Jerry is around, turn their music back on to lure him out again. An angry Jerry takes the bait, and the cats chase him. Tom eventually catches him and ties him up with windowsill string. Nevertheless, Jerry loses his temper and reaches

1170-481: The producers. Fourteen Tom and Jerry cartoons between 1940 and 1954 were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Short Subject: Cartoons, with seven of the shorts winning that award. MGM shut down its animation department in 1957, but new Tom and Jerry cartoons were produced by Gene Deitch and later Chuck Jones during the 1960s. Jerry would also appear in later Tom and Jerry productions made for television,

1209-401: The protagonist opposite his rival Tom Cat . Created by William Hanna and Joseph Barbera , Jerry is an anthropomorphic (but usually silent) brown house mouse , who first appeared as a mouse named Jinx in the 1940 MGM animated short Puss Gets the Boot . Hanna gave the mouse's original name as "Jinx", while Barbera claimed the mouse went unnamed in his first appearance. The name "Jerry"

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1248-411: The racial stereotyping in the cartoons, where she explicitly refers to the character as "Mammy Two Shoes". Jerry Mouse This is an accepted version of this page Gerald Jinx " Jerry " Mouse is an American cartoon character and one of the two titular characters in Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer 's series of Tom and Jerry theatrical animated short films and other animated media, usually acting as

1287-427: The telephone and calls Mammy, telling her about the party. Mammy races back home (during which scene her face is briefly shown for the only time) and confronts the cats. The three cats try to run but Mammy grabs Tom by the tail and unleashes her fury, throwing all four cats out the front door. At home, Mammy badmouths the cats for ruining her entire evening. She then decides to relax by playing the same jazz recording that

1326-471: The voice role and Mammy ceased to appear in the cartoons. Rembrandt Films produced 13 Tom and Jerry shorts and they were released from 1961 to 1962. Director Gene Deitch stated in an interview that he opted not to use Mammy's character in the 13 shorts, as he felt a "stereotypical black housekeeper" character "didn't work in a modern context." MGM Animation/Visual Arts , under the supervision of Chuck Jones , created replacement characters for Mammy in

1365-535: Was chosen by Geraint Rowlands, who submitted "Tom and Jerry" as potential names for the duo after an important Loews Inc. distributor in Texas asked for follow-ups to Puss Gets the Boot . While the idea of a cat-and-mouse duo was considered shopworn by the 1940s, Hanna and Barbera decided to expand upon the standard expected cat and mouse relationship. Instead of being a "cowering victim" of Tom , he took delight in besting, and even torturing, his feline frenemy (even if Tom

1404-639: Was confirmed that Eric Bauza would be voicing the character on the 2022 fighting game , MultiVersus , which establishes Jerry's original given name "Jinx" to be his middle name. In Cartoon Network in Japan's Tom and Jerry shorts, Jerry was voiced by Aya Yonekura. Tom and Jerry were planned to appear as a cameo in the deleted scene "Acme's Funeral" from the 1988 film Who Framed Roger Rabbit . The Itchy & Scratchy Show from The Simpsons parodies Tom and Jerry, with its mouse character named Itchy. Jerry has been variously credited as Gerald "Jerry" Mouse in

1443-414: Was in is Puss Gets the Boot , and the last is The Karate Guard , the 163rd Tom and Jerry film. Jerry has been on the Tom and Jerry film series from 1940 to the present. On his own, Jerry Mouse appears in a fantasy sequence in the 1945 Gene Kelly MGM musical film Anchors Aweigh . Jerry appears as the young ruler of a kingdom where music is banned because he feels he lacks talent, and Kelly persuades

1482-500: Was the norm before the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Later, through dialogue and occasional behavior, it was suggested that the house was Mammy's own. One example is that, because she has her own bedroom in the short Sleepy-Time Tom (1951), it raises the possibility of her being the owner of the house, as no other human is present in the house in shorts she appears. She refers to it as 'my house' in "Saturday Evening Puss." Nevertheless,

1521-595: Was voiced by John Stephenson. Lou Scheimer voiced him in The Tom and Jerry Comedy Show (1980–1982). Frank Welker voiced him in Tom and Jerry Kids (1990–1993), and Tom and Jerry: The Magic Ring (2002). Dana Hill voiced Jerry's voice in Tom and Jerry: The Movie (1992). Other voice actors include Jeff Bergman in a Cartoon Network Latin America bumper, Alan Marriott in Tom and Jerry in Fists of Furry (2000) and Tom and Jerry in War of

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