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39-563: The Saratoga Springs History Museum was founded in October 1883 as "The Historical Society of Saratoga, including the Upper Hudson, Lake George and Lake Champlain." The first president was Joseph William Drexel The museum has been located in the Casino, built in 1870, since 1911 and is open to visitors year round. Its large collection of historical documents, photographs, artworks and objects relating to

78-477: A Democratic-Republican to the 17th United States Congress . Serving alongside fellow Democratic-Republican Nathaniel Pitcher (a future New York governor) in what was then New York's 12th congressional district from December 3, 1821, to March 3, 1823, Walworth did not seek re-election in what became a one-representative district after census-based redistricting. During his Congressional term, in April 1823, Walworth

117-1131: A deferment from conscription during the American Civil War and was imprisoned for three month in 1864 as a suspected Confederate spy until released and restricted to the Saratoga Springs vicinity. However, his stepson Martin Davis Hardin (1837-1892), a West Point graduate, remained in the Union Army, distinguished himself in battle, and was promoted to General. Walworth married twice. On January 16, 1812, Reuben Walworth married Maria Ketchum Averill (1795–1847). They had four daughters and two sons. Both sons initially became lawyers and then writers, but also created widely different scandals of their era, as discussed below. After mourning Maria's death for four years, Walworth in Harrodsburg , Mercer County, Kentucky in 1851 married Sarah Ellen (Smith) Hardin, widow of Congressman John J. Hardin (1810–1847) who had died in

156-496: A dissent by Justice Peter V. Daniel who would have refused jurisdiction altogether) issued a one-page order appointing Walworth as commissioner. Walworth received much scientific and commercial evidence, including a report from U.S. Army engineer William Jarvis McAlpine . However, both parties were dissatisfied with Walworth's 770-page report, which he issued in December 1851. Pittsburgh was disappointed that Walworth refused to order

195-831: A judge in Otsego County, New York and serving for decades. The fourth son, Dr. Benjamin Walworth (1792 - 1879), became a leading citizen of Fredonia and for decades served as judge in Chautauqua County, New York . Educated in the local schools, Reuben Walworth began teaching school when he was 16 (1804-5). He then began reading law in Troy , the Rensselaer county seat, under the guidance of John Russel. Princeton University would award him an honorary LL.D. degree in 1835, Yale University in 1839 and Harvard University in 1848. Admitted to

234-662: A lesser charge, his mother secured his release in 1877. A devout Presbyterian , Walworth became an elder and known for charity toward the poor. A Freemason , he rose to Grand Master in the Grand Lodge of New York in 1853. He was also vice-president of the Bible Society and the Tract Society , and for a long period president of the American Temperance Union . Walworth also wrote Hyde Genealogy (2 vols., 1864), and

273-484: A new state constitution abolished that highest statewide judicial office. Walworth also ran unsuccessfully for Governor of New York in 1848, and received a commission from the U.S. Supreme Court in 1850 concerning the Wheeling Suspension Bridge . Reuben Walworth was the third son of merchant and American Revolutionary War quartermaster Benjamin Walworth (1746-1812), who after that war (in 1782) had married

312-692: A racing and gambling center. Several rooms are recreated in the Saratoga Springs History Museum . Hoosick, New York Hoosick is a town in Rensselaer County , New York , United States. The population was 6,711 at the 2020 census. It was named from the Hoosic River . The Town of Hoosick is in the northeastern corner of Rensselaer County. The town of Hoosick was organized in 1788, in Albany County , three years before

351-567: Is land and 0.1 square miles (0.26 km ) (0.21%) is water. The northern town line is the boundary of Washington County , New York , and the eastern town line is the border of Vermont . The Hoosic River is an important waterway in the town. As of the census of 2000 , there were 6,759 people, 2,620 households, and 1,823 families residing in the town. The population density was 107.3 inhabitants per square mile (41.4/km ). There were 2,892 housing units at an average density of 45.9 units per square mile (17.7 units/km ). The racial makeup of

390-590: The Caffè Lena papers. The museum's holdings also include items from the George S. Batcheller Collection. George Sherman Batcheller (1837–1908) was a lawyer, diplomat, judge and politician whose career included serving in the New York State Assembly and as United States Ambassador to Portugal from 1890 to 1892. His mansion overlooking Congress Park has been restored, and some of his belongings are on display in

429-610: The Hunkers ' candidate for Governor of New York , but was defeated in a three-way race by Whig Hamilton Fish . In 1850, the United States Supreme Court appointed Walworth to serve as a commissioner (now special master ) in litigation concerning the new Wheeling Suspension Bridge , the first bridge to cross a major river west of the Appalachian Mountains . The justices had divided during the previous years concerning

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468-707: The Mexican American War and whose daughter Ellen Hardin was then 19. Walsworth's eldest son, Clarence A. Walworth (1820–1900) was admitted to the New York bar in 1841, and after studies at the General Theological Seminary in New York, converted from the Protestant Episcopal Church to Catholicism , a scandal in the era of the Know Nothing party . Rev. Walworth became a missionary within

507-578: The United States Supreme Court by seeking an injunction against the bridge from the justice responsible for that geographic area, former Pennsylvania judge for the Pittsburgh area, Robert C. Grier . The Wheeling Bridge Company was represented by Charles W. Russell and U.S. Attorney general Reverdy Johnson (supposedly in a private capacity but who had denied Pennsylvania's request for his federal office's assistance)), among others. They argued

546-601: The War of 1812 , Walworth served as adjutant-general of the New York militia, and as aide to General Benjamin Mooers . In September 1814, the British invaded Plattsburg, and from the shore of Lake Champlain , Walworth observed the naval victory of Commandant Thomas Macdonough in the Battle of Lake Champlain . He attained the rank of colonel and headed the division's judge advocate general corps by

585-675: The B&;O Railroad to Wheeling, and competition from a new steamboat line connection Wheeling with Louisville proved fatal to both steamboat companies, who soon dismantled their ships or sold them downriver for the Mississippi trade. Furthermore, additional bridges across the Ohio River were proposed for Parkersburg , Bellaire and Steubenville . A truss pivot drawbridge across the Mississippi River between Davenport, Iowa and Rock Island, Illinois

624-649: The History Museum. Seven rooms in the museum are devoted to the history of the Walworths, one of the most prominent families in 19th century New York. Patriarch Reuben Hyde Walworth (1788–1867) served as Chancellor of the State of New York from 1828 until the post was abolished in 1848. That same year he ran unsuccessfully for governor. His son Clarence Augustus Walworth (1820–1900) was a Catholic Redemptorist priest and his daughter in law Ellen Hardin Walworth (1832–1915)

663-529: The New York bar in 1809, in January, 1810 Walworth moved to Plattsburgh , the Clinton County county seat and where his eldest brother Major John Walsworth served as clerk of the court. In 1811 Reuben Walworth was appointed a master of chancery, one of the local judges and whose particular responsibilities included overseeing and protecting widows and orphans, as well as issuing injunctions against nuisances. During

702-583: The New York state courts. His eldest, John Walsworth (1784-1839) rose to the rank of Major during the Revolutionary War and moved to Clinton County, New York where he served many years as clerk of the court before in 1829 moving to New York City and serving as Assistant Registrar of the Court of Chancery. Their second son, James Clinton Walworth (1787-1871), would become a merchant in Argyle, New York before becoming

741-428: The Saratoga Springs vicinity. To his father's dismay, Mansfield Walworth regularly abused his wife. In 1873 their son Francis Hardin "Frank" Walworth (1853-1883), invited his father to a New York City hotel room, then shot him four times, killing him. The trial caused a sensation, his lawyers arguing for acquittal by reason of insanity and the judge allowed Mansfield's abusive letters to his wife into evidence. Convicted of

780-575: The United States, and his brother and wife were among those he converted to Catholicism. He also published books about his new faith as well as history (including his family), and became one of the five founders of the Paulist Fathers . His temperamental brother, Mansfield Tracy Walworth (1830–1873), after graduation from Harvard Law School became a novelist. In 1852 he married his stepsister, and had several children. Mansfield Walworth never completed

819-505: The United States. Walworth gained President John Tyler 's attention because of his widely respected opinions on evidence , pleadings , civil procedure , and arbitration . Tyler nominated him to the Supreme Court of the United States three times in 1844, but the nomination was always postponed due to Tyler's lack of support from both Whigs and the Democrats . In 1848 , Walworth was

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858-434: The bridge helped the U.S. mails (delayed during ice and high and low water periods), connected military outposts, and that the public had a right to cross the river. Crucial to the equity required for the sought-after injunction, they argued, Pennsylvania had delayed two years while the bridge was under construction, as well as failed to prove irremediable injury (because technology also existed to lower steamboat smokestacks, as

897-437: The bridge removed, but instead amended the new required height to 111 feet. However, the bridge then disintegrated during a May 1854 windstorm and was rebuilt in eight weeks despite an injunction against such by Justice Grier (hence the 1856 litigation). Nonetheless, Walworth's report undergirded the Court's decisions in both 1852 as well as 1856 (the latter decision also relying on additional federal legislation). Completion of

936-413: The bridge removed. Virginia and Ohio interests complained because he found the waterway obstructed and recommended raising the bridge an additional 20 feet—which would cause enormous technical difficulties and additional cost. However, after reviewing both parties' exceptions, receiving another report from McAlpine and hearing more argument on February 23 and 24, the U.S. Supreme Court also refused to order

975-421: The city of Saratoga Springs from 1855 to 1980 by a succession of commercial photographers. About three-quarters of the collection is the work of 20th-century photographer George S. Bolster , with the rest culled from the work of Harry B. Settle, Jesse S. Wooley, Gustave Lorey, Seneca Ray Stoddard, C.C. Cook, and H.C. Ashby. The Beatrice Sweeney Archive contains thousands of documents and business records such as

1014-694: The creation of Rensselaer County in 1791. The region was formerly the District of Hoosick (1772) and previous to that the Hoosick Patent (1688). The Battle of Bennington of the American Revolution was fought northeast of Hoosick, on a farm owned by John Green, in the community of Walloomsac. According to the United States Census Bureau , the town has a total area of 63.2 square miles (164 km ), of which 63.0 square miles (163 km )

1053-581: The history of Saratoga Springs is open to researchers and the general public. The museum's permanent collection is augmented by temporary exhibits. The museum encompasses the Bolster Collection of historic photographs from the 19th and 20th centuries and the Walworth Memorial Museum , objects and records from the family of Reuben Hyde Walworth . The George S. Bolster Collection encompasses 375,000 negatives of photographs taken in and around

1092-562: The legal history his father wanted, but instead wrote lurid novels, and was ultimately disinherited by his father in favor of his wife/step-sister and progeny. During the American Civil War, he failed to receive a deferment from conscription, but secured a staff position in 1863, only to be imprisoned for three months in Capitol Prison as a suspected Confederate spy in 1864, before being released on orders of Gen. Fremont but restricted to

1131-713: The scope of the federal power in the Commerce Clause as well as concurrent state powers. In 1847, in U.S. v. New Bedford Bridge Company Justice Levi Woodbury on circuit duty had determined that no federal law defined obstruction of navigable waterways and upheld a drawbridge near the port, and Justice Samuel Nelson had done similarly while a justice of the New York Supreme Court. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania (through its attorney general Cornelius Darragh ) and Pittsburgh interests represented by Edwin M. Stanton and Robert J. Walker had brought this litigation in

1170-553: The town was 97.96% White, 0.49% African American, 0.30% Native American, 0.38% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.34% from other races, and 0.50% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.84% of the population. There were 2,620 households, out of which 32.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.8% were married couples living together, 10.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.4% were non-families. 25.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.9% had someone living alone who

1209-606: The war's end. His youngest brother Hiram Walworth (1799-1870) distinguished himself in the battle for the Saranac bridge in that war, and would later become a lawyer and serve for many years under their brother John in New York City. A midshipman in that battle, Charles Theodore Platt, would later become his brother-in-law. Their father also died in 1812, killed by one of his horses; his mother would survive another 25 years, cared for by family in upstate New York. Voters elected Walworth as

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1248-476: The widow Apphia (Hyde Cardell) Walworth (1757-1837). Reuben Walworth was born in Bozrah , New London County, Connecticut (his mother's hometown) in 1788, and named to honor a maternal uncle. In 1792 Benjamin Walworth received a land grant for his wartime service and moved his family to Hoosick , Rensselaer County, New York , where he operated a mill. They had eleven children; most of their sons became associated with

1287-449: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 3.06. In the town, the population was spread out, with 25.9% under the age of 18, 7.5% from 18 to 24, 28.0% from 25 to 44, 22.3% from 45 to 64, and 16.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.5 males. The median income for

1326-778: Was a co-founder of the Daughters of the American Revolution . Many of the lectures and programs sponsored by the museum are archived on its YouTube channel. Short videos about the museum and Saratoga Springs can also be viewed there. The Walworth family's history is told in: The Fall of the House of Walworth: A Tale of Madness and Murder in Gilded Age America by Geoffrey O'Brien , Henry Holt and Co., 2010 ( ISBN   978-0-8050-8115-2 ). Reuben Hyde Walworth Reuben Hyde Walworth (October 26, 1788 – November 27, 1867)

1365-427: Was an American lawyer, jurist and politician. Although nominated three times to the United States Supreme Court by President John Tyler in 1844, the U.S. Senate never attempted a confirmation vote. Known for his simplification of equity law in the United States, Walworth served as a chancery judge in New York for more than three decades, including nearly two decades as Chancellor of New York (1828 to 1847) before

1404-691: Was appointed Judge of the New York Fourth Circuit Court . In October he moved to Saratoga Springs , Saratoga County, New York . Five years later, in 1828, Walworth was appointed Chancellor of New York , and continued to conduct court in his parlor. He remained in office until July 1847 when the State Constitution of 1846 abolished the office. Walworth wrote Rules and Orders of the New York Court of Chancery (Albany, 1829; several revised eds.), which greatly influenced equity practice in

1443-501: Was completed in 1856. Returning to private legal practice, Walworth grew wealthy representing railroads in other litigation. He expanded the family mansion. As the American Civil War neared, Walworth advocated peace and conciliation. A delegate at the Peace Conference of 1861 after the election of President Abraham Lincoln , his speech was published and circulated. As discussed below, his son Mansfield Walworth failed to receive

1482-557: Was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1865. Walworth died in Saratoga Springs on November 28, 1867. Walworth County, Wisconsin and Walworth, New York were named for him. His stepdaughter inherited the family mansion, Pine Grove, which the Chancellor had expanded to 55 rooms (including a courtroom). It survived a century, but was torn down after his granddaughter died, Saratoga Springs having become

1521-456: Was necessary to use a downriver canal near Louisville, Kentucky . After Justice Grier held a hearing in Philadelphia on August 16, 1849, on August 30 he refused the requested injunction to remove the bridge. Instead, he referred the matter to the full court. That heard argument on February 25, 1850, reviewed extensive depositions (361 printed pages) and then on May 29, 1850, Justice Nelson (over

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