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35-676: The Saraguro is a people of the Kichwa nation most of whom live in Saraguro Canton in the Loja Province of Ecuador . Although most now speak Spanish , Runashimi or Kichwa , a Quechua dialect, is also spoken and language revitalization efforts are being implemented. Likewise, the Saraguro have retained much of their land, customs and traditional dress. According to the INEC 's 2010 population census,

70-465: A Pachakutik militant and current prefect of Zamora Chinchipe; during his tenure he has become a figure of the Indigenous movement for his strong opposition to the policies of the presidency of Rafael Correa, becoming a pre-candidate of his party for the presidential election in 2017. He is the current mayor of Saraguro canton and is the first Indigenous person occupying that position despite Saraguro being

105-519: A district with the highest Indigenous population in the Southern region of Ecuador. Young Saraguro musicians break from tradition not only to index their aspirations to do something with their lives other than what tradition and stereotypes dictate for them, but also to index their real opportunities to do so as Saraguros. With greater participation in formal education and increased occupational diversity and mobility, young, cosmopolitan Saraguro musicians in

140-574: A motor road reached the area. For women: For men Most of the Saraguros live at intermediate elevations in the Andes between 1,800 metres (5,900 ft) and 2,800 metres (9,200 ft). Traditionally they are farmers and livestock herders. A shortage of land in their homeland has led many to migrate eastward into the Zamora-Chinchipe Province of Ecuador. Others have migrated to Europe and

175-594: A particular expression of Indigeneity. Rather, the tastes and ambitions of many Saraguro youth point to an alternative conceptualization of Saraguro identity that is both firmly rooted in the "modern" and respectful of a long tradition of Indigeneity. A large number of (primarily male) Saraguro youth affiliate themselves with a subculture of heavy metal music. They listen to nation and international metal bands. Some of them play in local bands and organize local concerts. The film Saraguro: Historia Escrita con Sangre Inka (2010) (Saraguro: A History Written with Inka Blood) traces

210-586: Is a province of the Republic of Ecuador , located at the southeastern end of the Amazon Basin , which shares borders with the Ecuadorian provinces of Azuay and Morona Santiago to the north, Loja and Azuay to the west, and with Peru to the east and south. The province comprises an area of approximately 10,559 km² and is covered with a uniquely mountainous topography which markedly distinguishes it from

245-624: Is a sociologist and has written several academic articles on interculturality and plurinationality. Lawyer at Republic of Ecuador's Courts and Tribunals, Universidad Nacional de Loja. Diploma in Intercultural Research, Universidad Central del Ecuador. Master in University Teaching, Universidad de las Regiones Autónomas de la Costa Caribe Nicaraguense URACCAN, Nicaragua. PhD in Jurisprudence, Universidad Nacional de Loja. He belongs to

280-505: Is the city of Zamora . Human habitation in the region is thought to date to at least 4500 BCE, and was grounded in the Mayo-Chinchipe cultural complex. In approximately 1548, Spaniards made their first contact with the region's indigenous people. On October 4, 1549, Hernando de Barahona , accompanied by Alonso de Mercadillo and Hernando de Benavente , founded the city of Zamora de los Alcaides . Fifty years after their arrival,

315-629: The Cañari . The ancestors of the modern-day Saraguro people, according to oral traditions, were moved to Saraguro by the Incas from other areas, possibly the Colla or other people from the Lake Titicaca and Cuzco regions. The Incas had a policy of forcibly moving people from one region of the empire to another, thereby diversifying the population and dispersing possible opposition to their rule. The resettlement policy

350-747: The Cenepa River in the Cordillera del Cóndor . The conflict was centered in the Paquisha , Mayaycu and Manchinaza localities. By 1995 the conflict had reemerged, and in 1999 the signing of the Peace Agreement between Ecuador and Peru settled the contours of Zamora-Chinchipe's borders with its southern neighbor. Ethnic groups as of the Ecuadorian census of 2010: The province is divided into nine cantons . The following table lists each with its population at

385-585: The 2001 census was 28,029. In 2010 the population had increased to 30,183. A sizable percentage of the population is made up of the Saraguro people , an indigenous ethnic group whose members have retained much of their land and customs. Saraguro canton is divided into ll parishes. This Ecuador location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Zamora-Chinchipe Province Zamora Chinchipe ( Spanish pronunciation: [saˈmoɾa tʃinˈtʃipe] ), Province of Zamora Chinchipe

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420-810: The Ecuadorian State. Macas has honorary university degrees in anthropology, linguistics and jurisprudence. He was one of the founders of the CONAIE and of the Pachakutik Movement, and was member of the National Congress of Ecuador. She has served as Secretary for Bilingual Education in the Unión Nacional Educadores del Ecuador. She has authored several books, among them: Ecuador Chinchasuyupi Quichuacunapac Ñaupa Rimai = Literatura Indígena En Los Andes Del Sur Del Ecuador (Indigenous Literature in

455-606: The Ecuadorian provinces of El Oro , Loja, and Zamora-Chinchipe under Peruvian occupation . After the 1941 war, forced migration of impoverished peasants and citizens to the province was accelerated by drought in Loja Province, resulting in colonization of many areas of the Zamora-Chinchipe territory which had been theretofore uninhabited. The creation of the Zamora-Chinchipe Province was a twelve-year process which

490-418: The Ecuadorian society is. Issues such as teenage pregnancy, environmental degradation, deforestation, discrimination, racism, discontinuation of traditions are also present across the Saraguro territory. Saraguro activists and intellectuals are fighting for food sovereignty , decolonization, water protection, against polluting mining, Indigenous resurgence, legal pluralism, Indigenous Justice and autonomy from

525-761: The Kichwa Saraguro Indigenous People, Province of Loja - Ecuador. Leader of Education at the Coordination of Organizations of the Kichwa Saraguro People CORPUKIS - ECUARUNARI - CONAIE. Pushak / Rector of the Pluriversity "Amawtay Wasi" , academic space of education of the Peoples and Nationalities of Ecuador. Rector of Universidad Comunitaria Intercultural de las Nacionalidades y Pueblos Indigenas "Amawtay Wasi", 2013 - 2015. First Coordinator of

560-474: The Kichwa language. Historical records and oral traditions also attribute the traditional black and white colors of their clothing to ceremony and nobility, which were the meanings given by the Incas according to chronicler Cieza de León and recounted by the Saraguro. Being descendants of the elite soldiers of the Inca army, they retained that symbolism as well as the male population retained their long-braided hair, which

595-768: The Network of Indigenous, Intercultural and Community Universities of Abya Yala RUIICAY, 2008–2010. President of the Academic Council of the Universidad Indigena Intercultural UII-FILAC in La Paz, Bolivia. Author of the book: " The Education Paradigm of Abya Yala ." Carmen is a member of the Saraguro People. She has been a leader of his people and also of important Indigenous, national and international organizations. She has organized peaceful marches for

630-579: The Saraguro parish and páramos and its symbols represented in costumes continue to be present in the Kapak Raymi (the Great Celebration) celebrations in Saraguro. The Saraguros have retained control over their lands more successfully than many of the Andean subjects of Spanish colonization and contemporary colonialism of the independent country of Ecuador. Part of this may be due to their initial hostility to

665-630: The Southern Andes of Ecuador) Cultura espiritual:Una resistencia de los Saraguros en la actualidad: Las Ofrendas Florales (Spiritual Culture: A Contemporary Saraguro Resistance: The Flowers Offering) El Quinto Gobernador de los Saraguros: Historia Social y Organizativa (The Fifth Governor of the Saraguros: Social and Organizational History) Article in English: Bilingual and Intercultural Education, Perspectives and Current Reality He

700-460: The Spanish and the Indigenous people who collaborated with them. More importantly, however, the Saraguros were required by the Spanish to maintain an important tambo (inn or way-station) along a major communication route. They successfully argued that the operation and maintenance of the tambo required that they retain their land and its resources. They continued to manage the tambo until the 1940s when

735-607: The Spanish were driven from the city by the Shuar revolt. In 1850, the Zamora de los Alcaides city ruins were discovered by a group of colonists. It cannot be established exactly when the first white and mixed race settlers arrived in the province, but the oldest verifiable data shows that in the late 1840s, the Chinchipe River basin was already inhabited by people arriving from the Loja Province of modern Ecuador and Peru. The migration

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770-509: The United States. Many contemporary Saraguros are doctors, architects, engineers, musicians, photographers, construction workers, artisans, farmers, entrepreneurs, politicians, teachers, lawyers, cooks, activists. And others continue to do agro-pastoralist activities while holding professional careers or combine more than one occupation. While having a distinctive identity, they are engaged in the consumer society and technology as much as most of

805-818: The Zamora parish became cantonal head of the Zamora Canton of the Provincia de Oriente . On December 15, 1920, the Santiago-Zamora Province was created. It consisted of the Chinchipe, Macas , Morona and Zamora cantons. The Chinchipe and Zamora cantons were each constituted by three parishes. On January 5, 1921, the Yacuambi Canton was created for the Santiago-Zamora Province. On July 5, 1941, Ecuador

840-419: The defense of water and territories threatened by resources exploitation in southern Ecuador. She has promoted the exercise of Indigenous justice to harmonize the balance of life within the community. “As ancestral peoples with their own autonomy, we do not accept anyone, that no government or company takes away our right to life” Salvador Quishpe Lozano (Zamora, March 15, 1971), is an Ecuadorian politician,

875-610: The empire. The town of Saraguro, however, seems to have been founded by the Spanish rather than the Incas although a number of Inca ruins are in the nearby area. Whatever the facts about their origins. Saraguro in the 20th century celebrate their Inca heritage. In a debunked theory, some authors ascribe the black clothing typical of the Saraguro as a sign of mourning for the death of the Inca Emperor Atahualpa . Schools have been named after Inca emperors, Inca customs recreated, Inca architecture copied, and efforts made to preserve

910-560: The exploitation of gold deposits, but they found it impossible to dominate the natives. The current settlement known as Zamora was not permanently reestablished by white and mixed race settlers until March 12, 1921, when the Catholic church founded the Apostolic Vicariate of Zamora , after many prior attempts at colonization, each repelled by the resistance of the Shuar people. In 1911,

945-619: The roots of the origins of the Saraguro people by combining anthropological data with Inkan cosmovision in consultation with the Saraguro people. These are external sources about the Saraguro people and geography as well as institutions where Saraguro intellectuals are or have contributed with their knowledge: Amawtay Wasi Pluriversity (Pluriversidad Amawtay Wasi) I.C.C.I (Instituto Científico de Culturas Indígenas--Scientific Institute of Indigenous Cultures) Saraguro.org Behind scenes--Saraguro: Historia Escrita con Sangre Inka Saraguro Canton The population of Saraguro Canton in

980-434: The southern highlands of Ecuador are working to reconstitute their Saraguro Kichwa identity in a creative and selective process by which they discard, amplify, and reinvent the aspects of what they perceive to be authentic Saraguro musical culture. They also have found other ways of expressing themselves that are compatible with their self-identification as Indigenous and do not strictly rely on ties to an Inkaic past, or even to

1015-439: The surrounding Amazonian provinces. Zamora-Chinchipe is characterized and largely identified by its mining industry ; indigenous ethnic groups with a rich archaeological legacy; its biodiversity ; and its niche and tourist attractions, which include a number of waterfalls well-noted for their beauty. The province takes its name from the bureaucratic fusion of the Zamora and Chinchipe cantons . The provincial capital

1050-453: The total population of Saraguro canton is 30,183, but that total includes both the Indigenous and non-Indigenous people living in Saraguro. The Saraguro may be the descendants of people re-settled from distant regions in the Inca Empire in the 15th and early 16th century. In the 1460s the Inca empire conquered the Saraguro area. The pre-Inca people may have been the barely-known Palta or

1085-677: Was also made from the Ecuadorian Province of Azuay to the Yacuambi Canton , where the Saraguros and mixed race people arrived. During the Spanish Colonial period , several explorers surveyed the territory, such as the French geographer and mathematician Charles Marie de La Condamine in a 1743 expedition. In 1781, the Spanish made a second attempt at colonization in the area, lured by

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1120-485: Was another marker of nobility among the Incas. Black as a sign of mourning is not part of the Inca symbolism nor among the Saraguros but has been adopted, especially by the young generations. Likewise, they attribute the symbolic concepts of their clothing to a representation of the Curiquingue ( carunculated caracara ), which has black and white feathers and was a symbolic bird of the Inca royalty. The Curiquingue inhabits

1155-555: Was called mitma . The numbers resettled were large, estimated to be up to 80 percent of the population of some provinces. One Spanish document says that the ancestors of present-day Saraguros were elite soldiers in the Inca army. This statement is bolstered by the fact that the Saraguros live along the Inca road or Kapak Ñan that stretched from Cuzco to Tumebamba (the northern capital of the Incas), and onward to Quito and thus occupied an important link for Inca communications and control of

1190-544: Was due, in large part, to the indefatigable efforts of one Benjamin Carrión , a citizen of the Ecuadorian province of Loja, and, on November 10, 1953, Zamora-Chinchipe was designated an autonomous province, being separated from the Santiago-Zamora Province by means of a legal term issued in the Ecuadorian Official Registry No. 360. In 1981, the tensions with Peru were rekindled by a military confrontation over

1225-604: Was invaded by Peru, with part of the unpopulated territory of the province in contention. A ceasefire was brokered between the Foreign Ministers of Peru and Ecuador (with the participation of the United States , Brazil , Chile , and Argentina as "guarantors") capped with the signing of the Rio Protocol . The treaty officially brought an end to the state of war which had existed between Ecuador and Peru, and left part of

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