Misplaced Pages

#30969

47-546: Saraís is a locality located in the municipality of Vall de Boí , in Province of Lleida province, Catalonia , Spain . As of 2020, it has a population of 8. This Province of Lleida location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Vall de Bo%C3%AD The valley is best known for its nine Early Romanesque churches, making it the site of the densest concentration of Romanesque architecture in Europe. It

94-421: A chemical reaction making the pigment stick to the plaster. Over a long period of time, the painting will end up with brilliant colors. One of the main mural paintings is four meters in diameter located on the central apse. There are several holes, due to excess moisture, on the original mural painting on the central apse that have not been restored. A polychrome wood carving and other objects are also located inside

141-404: A circle with a blue background. The Agnus Dei is a mystic lamb that is presented as having seven eyes and holding a book. On the left side of the same arc, there are scenes of Lazarus , who expresses grief while a dog licks his wounds at the door of a rich man. On the front, left side of the triumphal arch, there is an image of an unknown character holding a helmet. The vertical walls directly under

188-438: A high base. The upper right corner is slightly damaged, though some of the original colour can be seen on the lower left corner of the antependium. The frame was painted green and yellow, and there are indications that the frame originally had some stucco ornament. The wooden altar frontal used to have four symbols of the evangelists that had filled the outside of the mandorla , but these have been lost. Sant Climent de Taüll

235-516: Is a Romanesque-style church greatly influenced by the Lombard style, which can be seen through its exterior decoration. The bell tower is an example of Byzantine influence, because it stands out for its verticality. The church was intended as a place for Christian worship, unlike other churches of the time, which were intended as a pilgrimage . The artwork in Sant Climent de Taüll was important in bringing

282-401: Is a form of Romanesque architecture and contains Romanesque artwork. Romanesque architecture is classified by its semi-circular arches on the buildings. It is also best recognized by its massive size, thick walls, round arches, sturdy piers, groin vaults , large towers and decorative arcading. During the time of Romanesque architecture, many more churches were built than castles. The architecture

329-403: Is acknowledged as one of the masterpieces of Romanesque art . The church of Santa Maria is located in the village of Taüll, and was consecrated on 11 December 1123, the day after the church of Sant Climent. It was also built with three naves, each ending with an apse. The bell tower rises from the within the southern nave. The quality of the stonework of the bell tower is lower than the rest of

376-405: Is an art that is painted and applied to the wall, ceiling or other permanent surfaces that are sufficient in size. The technique used is called fresco, where the paint is applied on plaster on walls and/or ceilings. The pigment is mixed with water on a small layer of wet lime mortar or plaster, where it is later absorbed. After several hours, the plaster dries while reacting with the air. This creates

423-402: Is held together at the four corners with wooden dowels . The figures were each carved separately, and then were attached to the back of the panel using wooden dowels. The four side divisions contain a blind arcade of three arches, where there are figures located directly underneath. The arches are formed from tall capitals , which are supported by slim colonnettes with torus molding, as well as

470-422: Is located within a mandorla that has a blue background with a blue and red frame, decorated with pearls and circles. The figure of Christ goes beyond the frame of the mandorla, and his feet are resting on a hemisphere. His face is in a perfect axial symmetry which is framed by long hair. The mandorla is placed on a background of three horizontal parallel bands in the colours blue, ocher and black. Located underneath

517-520: Is often a symmetrical plan, and the exterior of the building is very simplistic with clear forms. The building material for the exterior varies in different structures, although brick is generally used. The arches, doors, windows, vaults and arcades used during this time are almost always semicircular. Mural decorations were a form of art used during the Romanesque period . The paintings were placed on large wall surfaces and on plain, curving vaults. Often it

SECTION 10

#1732880416031

564-399: Is seen in a mosaic , where the focal point is the semi-dome of the apse with Christ the majesty in the centre. This is very characteristic of the mural painting located on the central apse in Sant Climent de Taüll. The mural painting of the figure of Christ wears a greyish, white robe with a blue mantle. The volumes in the folds of the robe reflect some movement and realism in the image. Christ

611-548: Is that Sant Climent de Taüll has three naves and three apses, and a bell tower, whereas early Christian architecture has side aisles, transepts , a narthex and an atrium. In addition, the Santa Maria Maggiore , a basilica in Rome, has a clerestory , whereas the Sant Climent de Taüll is the opposite because it has very few windows. The mural paintings in Sant Climent de Taüll have elements similar to early Christian paintings. In

658-515: The Counts of Pallars Sovereign (I Artau and his wife Lucia), the Counts of Pallars Jussà (Ramon IV and his wife Valença), as well as tle Erill and other possessions. Sant Climent de Taüll was devoted to and consecrated by Guillem Ramon, Bishop of Roda-Barbastro. One day later Guillem Ramon also consecrated Santa Maria de Taüll, another Romanesque church located near Sant Climent de Taüll. Sant Climent de Taüll

705-452: The bishop of Roda . It is situated on a slight rise beside the road from Taüll and to Boí. It is the largest and best-preserved church in the Vall de Boí, and also the most architecturally outstanding The church is laid out as a basilica , with three naves , each separated by an arcade of columns and ending in a semicircular apse . It retains its original double-pitched timber roof. To

752-619: The main apse of the church , has been moved to the Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya in Barcelona . Sant Climent de Taüll is located in Taüll in the municipality of Valley of Boí , in the province of Lleida , Catalonia, Spain. The exact date of construction is unknown; the church was consecrated on December 10, 1123. In 1064, before Sant Climent de Taüll was constructed, it was an object of sale and exchange by several different counts, including

799-441: The 11th century, and of renovations in the 12th, 13th, 17th and 18th centuries. The interior retains a Baroque appearance from later renovations. The small town of Durro is situated at an elevation of 1,386 metres, on a south-facing mountainside. The church has a single long and narrow nave with a barrel vault and slate roof. It was built with a single apse, now replaced by a sacristy . Two square chapels have been built into

846-527: The 9th century, in which the local counts paid little heed to their nominal Frankish overlords. The population was largely Basque . The valley first belonged to the county of Toulouse , to which was joined the County of Ribagorza . In the 11th century, the valley came into the hands of the County of Pallars , before being annexed by the Kingdom of Aragón in the 12th century. As a result of its strategic position,

893-577: The Church of St. Clement of Tahull, is a Roman Catholic church in Catalonia , Spain . It is an example of Romanesque architecture . Other influences include the Lombard and Byzantine styles, which can be seen throughout the exterior and interior of the building. The church is a basilica plan structure with three naves , each of them with a terminal apse , and large columns separating the side naves. Connecting to

940-619: The Cross , the Erill la Vall Descent from the Cross The church of the Assumption lies outside the village of Cóll. It was built with a single nave with apse and barrel vault, and consecrated in 1110, and has later Gothic additions. A side-chapel to the north and a later Gothic bell-tower with two storeys to the south create a cruciform floor plan. The interior is lit by oculuses at east and west ends, with

987-613: The Romanesque and Byzantium age and in the Catacomb of Comodilla. Sant Climent de Taüll has many mural paintings; however, the main and most famous mural painting is located at the central apse and is of Christ in Majesty within a mandorla . This has now been moved to Barcelona and replaced by a replica. In the lower part of the second triumphal arch appears a figure of the Agnus Dei contained in

SECTION 20

#1732880416031

1034-446: The apses have simple Lombard decorations and are built with stone and brick. The central apse on the exterior is decorated by groups of four arches, separated by half columns. The apsidioles (apses on either side of the central apse), have groups of three arches instead of four, with each of the apses having one window each. In addition, the central apse has three arched windows located on ground level and two portholes on either side of

1081-463: The art into the public atmosphere. The main work of art is the mural painting, located on the central apse of the church. The identity of the painter is unknown, but is referred to as Master Taüll. The altar-frontal was created by a native Catalan artist, possibly in a workshop in La Seo de Urgel. Sant Climent de Taüll is the largest, most well preserved, and has the most outstanding architecture out of all

1128-430: The bell tower in 1994. The small hermitage of Sant Quirc is situated on a rocky outcrop close to Durro. It has a small nave and apse, with an entrance to the south. A short belfry rises at the west end. The roof-space (accessed from the outside) may have been used as a granary . Sant Climent de Ta%C3%BCll Sant Climent de Taüll ( Catalan pronunciation: [ˈsaŋ kliˈmɛn də təˈuʎ] ), also known as

1175-733: The central apse of the church, there is a figure of a Pantocrator (Christ in Majesty) surrounded by a mandorla. The Pantocrator can also be seen in the Golden Age of Byzantium, specifically in Hagia Sophia in Constantinople . It can also be seen in the Court School of Charlemagne during the Carolingian Renaissance . The Alpha, Omega and the halo around Christ's head can be seen in both

1222-401: The central apse. In the south corner of the church there is a tall, slim bell tower that has a square plan with a prism-shaped roof. The tower has seven floors (base floor plus six), where the base is the foundation of the entire structure. As we ascend through the bell tower, the structure becomes lighter in weight because of the larger windows near the top of the tower. On each level there are

1269-470: The church is a slim bell tower that has six floors plus a base. The artwork inside the church include the famous mural paintings by the Master of Taüll (contained in the different apses and the keys of the arches), as well as the wooden altar frontal . These works of art represent different aspects of Christianity that can also be found in many other works of art. The most famous fresco , of Christ in Majesty in

1316-489: The church to protect and preserve them. An exact replica of the mural painting on the central apse was made in place of the original. However, the original mural painting on the northern apse can only be seen in the National Art Museum of Catalonia. The removal of the mural paintings was done by applying horsehide glue . The hardened glue was then peeled off, carrying the pigments of the mural with it. Mural painting

1363-401: The church, and it may have been built earlier, with the church added around it. The church was heavily renovated in the 18th century, with a dome added. Its frescoes were moved to MNAC in around 1918. Many 18th-century renovations were removed in the 1970s, including the dome. The church of Sant Feliu is situated slightly to the north of Barruera. The village lies at a strategic point where

1410-422: The church, some of which were successfully restored. Sant Climent de Taüll had the earliest wooden altar-frontal, which was 1.36 m × 0.98 m in size. When it reached Barcelona it was covered with a coat of paint which was removed. An inscription on the center of the upper frame shows that in 1579 the altar-frontal was repainted. The wooden altar frontal is enclosed by a narrow wooden frame, which

1457-803: The churches are conserved at the National Museum of Art of Catalonia in Barcelona . Many of the churches have remained in use for religious worship since they were constructed and consecrated in the 11th and 12th centuries. Nine churches were included in the World Heritage Site: Sant Climent and Santa Maria in Taüll , Sant Feliu in Barruera , Sant Joan in Boí , Santa Eulàlia in Erill la Vall , Santa Maria de l'Assumpció de Cóll , Santa Maria de Cardet , la Nativitat de la Mare de Déu in Durro , and

Saraís - Misplaced Pages Continue

1504-470: The churches in the Valley of Boí. The church is a basilica plan structure, that has three naves (each of them with a terminal apse), and large columns separating the side naves. One of the doorways opens on the west side of the building, with the remains of what might have been a porch. The other openings are located on the south side and on the access tower. The facades of the church do not have any decoration, but

1551-512: The consecration of the church. This document is painted with white letters on red and black background and is now preserved in the National Museum of Catalan Art. The interior of the church (the walls of the naves, apses and columns) were originally covered with polychrome decoration. In the early twentieth century, the National Art Museum of Catalonia in Barcelona took the mural paintings inside

1598-442: The door to the west. The bell tower is in poor repair. Cardet occupied a rocky outcrop at the entrance to the valley. The church is at the eastern edge of the village, above a steep slope. The church has a single nave with apse, with a crypt below the apse (required due to the falling ground level). A sacristy was added to the southeast end of the nave, and a chapel was added to the north facade. The exterior retains features from

1645-526: The figures in the bottom half of the mural painting is similar to Christ in the mandorla, except they wear different coloured robes. Sant Climent de Taüll has a basilica plan structure, which is similar to early Christian architecture such as the Roman basilica of Leptis Magna and the Basilica of Old St. Peter. Similar to early Christian architecture, Sant Climent de Taüll has a central nave and an apse. The difference

1692-666: The hermitage of Sant Quirc near Durro. The valley also contains the ruins of a number of other Romanesque religious buildings, including the churches of Sant Llorenç in Saraís and Santa Martí in Taüll, and the hermitages of Sant Cristòfol in Erill, of Sant Quirc in Taüll, of Sant Salvador in Barruera and of Sant Pere in Boí. The church of Sant Climent de Taüll was consecrated on 10 December 1123 by

1739-417: The main nave, and a Gothic western facade. The church of Sant Joan is situated at the entrance to the village of Boí which gives its name to the valley. The church has three naves, with apses at the eastern ends of the two side names. The original timber roof has been replaced with stone. The bell tower rises to the south of the southern nave. The church was heavily renovated in the 18th century, but many of

1786-460: The mandorla is a black band with white writing. On each side of the centre window (below the black band) are three arches resting on columns of capitals in green, red and black. In between the figures of the Virgin Mary and five saints are columns with wavy line patterns going vertically. These figures lie on top of a background of three horizontal bands in the colours red, blue and green. The faces of

1833-399: The northern wall, and the bell tower rises from the northeast corner to five storeys. The entrance is cut into the southern wall, to a covered walkway. The building has been renovated and extended many times since it was built in the 12th century and little of its original appearance remains. The interior retains Baroque features from later renovations. The church was restored in 1983, and

1880-522: The remains of a frame. Under the dog there is a possible image of some type of bird, though it is hard to make out the exact image. The church has a wooden altar frontal, which is similar to the mural painting in the central apse, because it consists of Christ in a mandorla surrounded by the four tetramorphs . The figure of Christ wears a crown and is seated on a throne with a foot rest. The side compartments are divided into upper and lower registers, each with three figures. There are twelve figures in total on

1927-479: The renovations were removed in the 1960s. Its paintings were removed in 1919 and taken to MNAC. The church of Santa Eulàlia in Erill-la-Vall has a single long nave with a triple apse at the eastern end and an entrance to the north opening onto a covered walkway. A timber roof has replaced the former barrel vault . The six-storey bell tower rises to the north to 23 metres. It has an important Descent from

Saraís - Misplaced Pages Continue

1974-417: The same number of windows on the four sides of the tower, and there are five arcs in the space around the windows. Inside Sant Climent de Taüll three naves are separated by three cylindrical columns. The columns are made of amalgamated stone, which support the arcades, and the roof of the church has wooden beams. The first column on the north side of the church near the apse was found to have the inscription of

2021-477: The southeast of the body of the church stands a six-storey bell tower , with arched windows on each floor. The building is constructed from granite blocks, with decorative elements and windows in pumice . The facades are decorated with friezes and pilasters. The image of Christ Pantocrator from the church, originally in the main apse and now conserved in the National Art Museum of Catalonia (MNAC),

2068-405: The triumphal arches preceding the apse have an image of saints. Only a few saints, Peter , Clement , and Cornelius , can be identified. In the triumphal arch on the right side, there is a scene of a man with an ax hitting the head of another person. On the northern side of the apse there is a mural painting of six angels. In front of the apse, there is an image of what appears to be a dog on top of

2115-657: The valley contains many castles, but they are mostly poorly preserved. Although the valley had a relatively low population in the Middle Ages, large quantities of silver enriched the local dignitaries to encourage them to join the Catalan campaign to recover Barbastro and Zaragoza . Much of the wealth was spent on the construction of many churches from the 11th to the 14th centuries, in the new architectural style imported from Lombardy . The churches are characterized by elaborate stonework and elegant bell towers. Wall paintings from

2162-446: The valley widens out and was connected with a nearby abbey in the Middle Ages which has now disappeared. The church has a single surviving nave of the three originally built, with a barrel vault and a semicircular apse. It has a square transept and apse to the south and square chapel to the north. A simple, undecorated bell tower lies at the southeast corner. Renovations were undertaken in the 16th century, adding two Gothic chapels to

2209-507: Was designated as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO on 30 November 2000. The valley also includes the highest ski resort in the Pyrenees, at Boí-Taüll , and borders the Aigüestortes i Estany de Sant Maurici National Park which lies to the northeast. The Moorish conquest of Spain did not penetrate the high valleys of the Pyrenees. The first Christian counties in the region were set out in

#30969