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50-628: Saptha + Stana means seven sacred places. The temples found in these places are known as Saptha Stana Temples. Having Tiruvaiyaru as the primary temple, seven temples belonging to seven places are also referred as the ashramas of seven Munipunkavars ( Saptarishi ). These rishis are Agastya , Atri , Bhardwaja , Gautam , Jamadagni , Vashistha and Vishvamitra . They set up ashrams in Aiyarappar temple , Apathsahayar Temple , Odhanavaneswarar Temple , Vedapuriswarar Temple , Kandeeswarar Temple , Puvananathar Temple and Neyyadiappar Temple . Ayyarappa,

100-408: A Munsif court and police stations (including an all women police station) to tackle crime and other issues related to civic unrest. Most of the shops and businesses include services for farmers from nearby villages. Other than services and retail, Important sectors that provide employment in the town are state government, health, primary education. The town area is densely populated and lined up with

150-474: A crow". It might also mean a river with wide spread banks as viri can also be translated as wide spread. The etymology of the river might have also been derived from kāviri , the Sankethi word for "river" from the language spoken by the Sankethi people , who live along its waters. Cauvery is the anglicized version of the original name. The river is also known by other names. In ancient Tamil literature ,

200-597: A doll offers flowers to the principal deities in the palanquins. After the Poochorithal , the palanquins leave for their respective temples. There are other Saptha Stana Temples in and around Thanjavur district. They are known as Chakkarapalli Saptha Stana Temples, Mayiladuthurai Saptha Stana Temples, Kumbakonam Saptha Stana Temples, Karanthai (near Thanjavur) Saptha Stana Temples, Tirunallur Saptha Stana Temples, Tiruneelakkudi Saptha Stana Temples, Kanjanur Saptha Stana Temples and Nagapattinam Saptha Stana Temples. As

250-565: A holy river in various Hindu religious texts including the Mahabharata and the Puranas . The name itself might have had different etymologies. As per Skanda Purana , the river arose after Ganesha took a form of a crow and toppled sage Agastya 's kamandala . The river then took its name from the Tamil language words kā meaning "crow" and viri meaning "spread" literally translating to "spread by

300-405: A litany of retail shops ranging from small to medium. The main business areas are South street, Theradi (where the temple car is parked) and Odathurai street where the new revamped bus stand with retail shops is located. Thiruvaiyaru has a Government hospital and few (3+) 24/7 private hospitals as well. Thiruvaiyaru has an old Siva temple dedicated to Aiyarappar or Panchanatheeswar . Thiruvaiyaru

350-482: A number of dams on the river which form part of an extensive irrigation system and are used for the generation of hydroelectric power . The river has supported agriculture for centuries and has served as the lifeline of several kingdoms in the past. Access to the river's waters has been a cause of dispute among the states of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu for decades. The Kaveri basin is a densely populated region, with several towns and cities located on its banks. The river

400-408: A range of animal species such as gaur , leopard , sloth bear , Bengal tiger , Indian elephant , Nilgiri tahr , grizzled giant squirrel , and various species of deer, wild boar and reptiles. The river also hosts a variety of avifauna including the painted stork ( Mycteria leucocephala ), spot-billed pelican ( Pelecanus philippensis ), and black-headed ibis ( Threskiornis melanocephalus ). It

450-526: A series of rapids and falls. It flows through a narrow gorge onto the Deccan plateau and drops about 18–24 m (59–79 ft) at Chunchanakatte Falls . The river forms the island of Srirangapatna and widens to 900–1,200 ft (270–370 m) before flowing south-east. At Shivanasamudra , the river drops 91 m (299 ft) and forms the Shivanasamudra Falls , one of the largest waterfalls in

500-545: A total length of about 800 km (500 mi). The Kaveri River has 21 major tributaries. The largest tributary Hemavati , and Lakshmana Tirtha join the river at Krishna Raja Sagara . Kabini is another major contributor to the flow of Kaveri and joins the river in Karnataka. It meets with its second largest tributary Bhavani at Kooduthurai in Bhavani and two other tributaries Noyyal , and Amaravati join further down

550-861: Is a panchayat town in Thanjavur District in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu . Thiruvaiyaru means Five Rivers around the city . The Five Rivers are Vadavaar , Vennaar , Vettaar , Kudamurutti and Kaveri . On the highway from Thanjavur, you pass five bridges over the Vadavar, Vettar, Vennar, Kudamurutti and Kaveri, the five rivers from which Thiruvaiyaru gets its name (thiru = sacred; ai(ndhu) = five; aaru = river) The vast temple in this town, known as "Dakshina Kailasam" (Southern abode of Siva), built in an area of approximately 60,000 square meters, has five prakaram (outer precincts used for religious purposes) and many 'mandapams' (great halls). Several inscriptions in

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600-595: Is also home to the mugger crocodile ( Crocodylus palustris ), smooth-coated otter (Lutrogale perspicillata), and hump-backed mahseer (Tor remadevii). The total watershed of the basin is 81,155 km (31,334 sq mi) and the riparian zone of the river consists of 43,856 km (16,933 sq mi) in Tamil Nadu, 34,273 km (13,233 sq mi) in Karnataka, 2,866 km (1,107 sq mi) in Kerala , and 160 km (62 sq mi) in

650-747: Is another hypothesised name for this river, meaning "the beloved of the Maruts " in Sanskrit. The river arises at Talakaveri in Kodagu district of Karnataka . The source of the river is located at an altitude of 1,341 m (4,400 ft) in the Brahmagiri Hills of the Western Ghats . Its follows a rough upper course consisting of rocky beds and high banks. Once it leaves the Kodagu hills, it flows eastwards and forms

700-474: Is at Thiruchirapalli, which is located at a distance of about 56 km. Nearest railway station is situated at Thanjavur (13km) and another railway station at Ariyalur (30km)[Trichy-Chennai line] There is a direct bus service from Thanjavur, which lies at a distance of 11 km from Thiruvaiyaru. National Highway No.136 from Thanjavur connect Thiruvaiyaru, Ariyalur, Perambalur byepass and Aththur bypass. State roads to Kumbakonam at 37 km (23 mi) in

750-476: Is considered as sacred by the people of Southern India and is considered to be among the seven holy rivers of India. The river is often personified and worshiped as the goddess Kaveri. The river is mentioned in various Hindu religious texts including the Mahabharata and the Puranas . In ancient Tamil literature , the river is referenced to as Ponni meaning "the golden one". Kaveri is mentioned in Sanskrit as

800-472: Is estimated to be 81,155 km (31,334 sq mi) and encompasses the states of Tamil Nadu , Karnataka , Kerala , and the union territory of Puducherry . The river rises at Talakaveri in the Brahmagiri range in the Western Ghats . The source is located at an elevation of 1,341 m (4,400 ft) in the Kodagu district of Karnataka. The river flows for about 320 km (200 mi) through

850-473: Is found in the upper parts of the Kaveri basin and Charnockite rocks are only found in the central part. A 2017 paper proposed that an impact structure was present in the vicinity of the Kaveri river. The run-off from the river does not drain off quickly because of the shape of the river basin, which limits the occurrence of floods. It is a perennial river fed mostly by monsoons . Four distinct seasons occur in

900-583: Is headed by the Prime Minister of India and consists of the Chief Ministers of the riparian states as its consituent members. On 16 February 2018, the Supreme Court ruled that Karnataka will get 284.75 tmc ft, Tamil Nadu will get 404.25 tmc ft, Kerala will get 30 tmc ft and Puducherry will get 7 tmc ft of water from the river. An additional 10 tmc ft was reserved for environmental protection and 4 tmc ft

950-480: Is mentioned as both a river and a goddess in various Hindu texts such as the Mahabharata and the Puranas . The river is mentioned as one of the seven holy Gangas and bathing in the river is said to grant one's desired as per the Sivapurana . The Varaha Purana states that the river flows from the five great mountains and gives longevity to those who drink the waters of the river. The Skanda Purana narrates

1000-534: Is more renowned for its association with Saint Thyagaraja , who, along with Muthuswami Dikshitar and Shyama Sastri , comprised the Trinity of Carnatic music . Thiruvaiyaru is known for its annual Thyagaraja Aradhana music festival. There are so many private music teachers and Bharathanatiyam teachers available in town. The only tertiary education provider in town, Tamilnadu Government Music College offers courses in music from Diploma through to Doctoral programs Near

1050-783: The Bhavani River in Tamil Nadu, Hemavathy Dam (37.1 tmc ft) on the Hemavathi River , Kabini Dam (18.5 tmc ft) on the Kabini River , and Harangi Dam (9.5 tmc ft) on the Harangi River in Karnataka are major dams on the tributaries of Kaveri. The dispute over the sharing of Kaveri waters began in 1807 when the Madras Presidency objected to the plans of the Mysore kingdom to develop irrigation projects. After initial discussions failed,

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1100-705: The British Raj intervened and a six rule agreement called the General Agreement of 1892 was signed. After Indian Independence , article 262 of the Constitution of India provided powers to the Government of India to adjudicate on inter-state disputes on water sharing. The Government of India constituted the Cauvery Water Disputes Tribunal (CWDT) on 2 June 1990 to adjudicate the water dispute between

1150-540: The Deccan plateau in Karnataka before entering Tamil Nadu. It flows further eastward in Tamil Nadu for 416 km (258 mi) before flowing into the Bay of Bengal near Poompuhar in Mayiladuthurai district of Tamil Nadu. The river flows for a total length of about 800 km (500 mi). The major tributaries include Amaravati , Arkavati , Bhavani , Hemavati , Kabini , Lakshmana Tirtha , and Noyyal . There are

1200-728: The President of India asked the Supreme Court of India to rule on the validity and legality of the tribunal under the Constitution. In November 1991, the Supreme Court opined that the order needs to be published by the central government in the Official Gazette, which was done on 1 December 1991. In May 1992, the Government of Tamil Nadu filed a case in the Supreme Court to direct the Indian Government to pass necessary orders to ensure

1250-579: The Tamil literature Manimekalai , Agastya drank the Ganges River in anger, when the floods destroyed his tapas and later released it in South India. Silapathikaram mentions Kaveri as the daughter of Kavera. In Theravada Buddhism , Kaveri is mentioned as a water channel. It is part of the twenty canal-systems associated with the reservoir Parakkamasamudda that existed in the Polonnaruwa region during

1300-600: The Tiruchirappalli district . It splits into two branches with the northern part called as Kollidam River and the southern part of the river retaining the name Kaveri. After flowing for 16 km (9.9 mi), the two branches converge around the Srirangam island. The river further branches off into 36 different channels before emptying into the Bay of Bengal near Puhar in Mayiladuthurai district . The river traverses for about 416 km (258 mi) in Tamil Nadu for

1350-591: The East and Kallanai 33 km in the West connect Thiruvaiyaru. Places Names changed as per the Tamil Nadu State Government Gazette Notification No. 14 Dated 1 April 2020. Kaveri The Kaveri (also known as Cauvery ) is a major river flowing across Southern India . It is the third largest river in the region after Godavari and Krishna . The catchment area of the Kaveri basin

1400-533: The Punarpoosa star during the Tamil month of Panguni . The festival deity of Aiyarappar temple of Thiruvaiyaru is carried in a decorated glass palanquin along with the images of Nandikeswara and Suyasayambikai to the temples in Thirupazhanam, Thiruchottruthurai, Thiruvedhikudi, Thirukandiyur and Thirupoonthurthi. Each of the festival deities of the respective temples mounted in glass palanquins accompany Aiyarppar on

1450-604: The Samadhi of Sri Tyagaraja. The Thyagaraja Aradhana festival is held in the Bahula Panchami Thithi of Margazhi (Margashirsha)Tamil month which falls on December or January when most of the leading exponents of Carnatic music come to perform and are watched by thousands of ardent fans of classical music. A huge complex is built at this site to accommodate the large audience that come to the concert in ever increasing numbers every year. The nearest airport to reach Thiruvaiyaru

1500-572: The Shiva temple is the one-roomed house where Thyagaraja composed some of his greatest works. Thyagaraja was interred on the banks of the river Kaveri and it is called the revered Samadhi (burial place) of the saint composer and it is here that the greatest music festival in the country takes place annually. Nearby are the Samadhis (burial places) of some of the other saints like Shiva Prakasha Swamigal and Bangalore Nagaratnamma, who actually identified and rebuilt

1550-426: The basin with hot and cold seasons sandwiching the monsoon seasons. The river basin is fed by South-West monsoon in Karnataka, and North-East monsoon in Tamil Nadu. The Kaveri basin is made up of two sub-zones, forest and agro-ecosystem. The forest vegetation consists of a mix of dry deciduous , evergreen forests , and grasslands . As per a study, about 12,850 km (4,960 sq mi) of natural vegetation

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1600-733: The country. After forming the island of Shivanasamudra, the river converges and passes through the Mekedatu gorge. After flowing for 320 km (200 mi) in Karnataka, the river flows for about 64 km (40 mi) along the Karnataka- Tamil Nadu border. The river enters Tamil Nadu and forms the Hogenakkal Falls . After the falls, the river flows southwards towards Mettur Dam and joins its main right bank tributary Bhavani at Kooduthurai . The river flows eastwards through Erode and Karur , and widens further before entering

1650-534: The decorated palanquin Ayyarappar along with His consort will leave Thiruvaiyaru and go to the other six connected temples during the festival of Saptha Stana. At that time, the palanquins of the respective temples will join with the Ayyarappar Palanquin. This festival is conducted at Tiruvaiyaru during April every year. As per Hindu legend, it is the wedding festival of Nandikeswara , the sacred bull of Shiva on

1700-517: The drought-stricken land. Another story narrates that during the Samudra Manthana , or churning of the Ocean of Milk , Mohini and Lopamudra retrieved the nectar of immortality for the gods. Afterwards, Brahma took care of Lopamudra as his daughter and later offered her to king Kavera, who renamed her as Kaveri. When Kaveri grew up she prayed to Brahma to transform her into a purifying river. As per

1750-743: The implementation of the provisions of the tribunal order. In April 1997, the Attorney General of India reverted that the central government has prepared a scheme under the Inter-State Water Disputes Act, 1956 for the implementation of the tribunal award and the Cauvery Water Authority (CRA) and Cauvery Monitoring Committee (CMC) were formed subsequently as a part of the Cauvery Water (Implementation of Interim Orders of 1991 and all subsequent Tribunal Orders) Scheme, 1998. The CRA

1800-518: The main deity of Thiruvaiyaru took with them Nandhidevar-Suyasambikai to these seven ashrams in order to get the blessings of the rishis. Just before the festival wedding festival of Nandikeswara took place. Nandikeswara was the son of Silakitha Munivar. In order to get married off him to Suyasambikai of Tirumazhapadi, Ayyarappar along with His consort go to Tirumazhapadi on a glass palanquin. On that night itself Ayyarappar along with newly wedded couples crosses Kollidam and reaches Thiruvaiyaru. In

1850-730: The palanquin of the Kumbeswara Temple was in a damaged condition the festival did not take place for some time. Later the trial run was held on 7 February 2016 Following the Tirttavari in Mahamaham tank in Kumbakonam during 2016 Mahamaham the festival was held on 23 April 2016. It is learnt that the Karanthanttankudi festival was not held for some years. Tiruvaiyaru Thiruvaiyaru (also spelled as Tiruvaiyaru or Tiruvayyaru )

1900-486: The population and females 50%. Thiruvaiyaru has an average literacy rate of 76%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 81%, and female literacy is 70%. In Thiruvaiyaru, 9% of the population is under 6 years of age. Thiruvaiyaru is the headquarters of the Thiruvaiyaru taluk. Tiruvaiyaru assembly constituency is part of Thanjavur (Lok Sabha constituency) . On the law and order front, Thiruvaiyaru has

1950-594: The presiding deity of this temple town. The town is called as "Ai-aaru" (ஐயாறு), meaning five rivers, by them. Thiruvaiyaru is situated on the banks of the river Kaveri, 11 km (6.8 mi) from North of Thanjavur . Thiruvaiyaru is located at 10°53′N 79°06′E  /  10.88°N 79.1°E  / 10.88; 79.1 . It has an average elevation of 38  metres (124  feet ). The Thiruvaiyaru Town Panchayat has population of 16,164 of which 7,895 are males while 8,269 are females as per report released by Census India 2011. Males constitute 50% of

2000-524: The riparian states and territories in the river basin. In an order passed in June 1991, the CWDT directed Karnataka to release 205 tmc ft of water per year to Tamil Nadu based on a specific schedule. The water was to be released in four equal installments in a particular month and any shortfall would need to be covered in the subsequent week. Tamil Nadu was directed to provide 6 tmc ft of water to Puducherry. In July 1991,

2050-550: The river was called Ponni meaning "the golden one" in reference to the fine silt it deposits. It is known as Daksina gaṅgā meaning the " Ganges of the South" indicating its geographical location and its significance. It is also mentioned as Ardha gaṅgā meaning Half Ganga in Mahabharata and other literature, due to its purported mythology of having arisen from the Ganges. Marudvṛdhā

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2100-542: The stream in Tamil Nadu. Other tributaries of Kaveri include Shimsha , Arkavati , Sarabanga , and Thirumanimutharu . Source: The Kaveri basin was formed in the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous period during Gondwana breakup and opening of the Indian Ocean . Most of the basin is made up of Precambrian rocks and the two major rock types that are found are metamorphic and igneous rocks. Closepet granite

2150-547: The temple affiliates the temple to the Cholas , Pandyas , and other rulers. Karikala Chola , Rajaraja the Great , Jatavarman Sundara Pandyan , and Krishna Devarayar are associated with Thiruvaiyaru. The temple has two distinct divisions called 'Uttarakailasam' and 'Dakshinakailasam'. Uttarakailasam was built by Rajaraja Chola 's chief queen Dantisaktivitanki alias Lokamahadevi in the late 10th century who also made several endowments. It

2200-416: The union territory of Puducherry . Over half of the Kaveri basin is arable and the most cultivated crops are rice and sugarcane . An estimate at the time of the first Five Year Plan put the total flow of the river at 15 cubic kilometres (12,000,000 acre⋅ft), of which 60% was used for irrigation. The river is also used for drinking water and hydroelectric power generation. The Grand Anicut

2250-412: The various origins of the river. Shiva filled Agastya 's bowl with Kaveri, who flowed as a river with the help of Ganesha . In another legend, Lopamudra becomes Agastya's wife and takes on a form of water during a severe drought in South India. Agastya carries her in his small brass water pot and Ganesha, in the form of crow, knocks the water pot down. The spilled water runs down the hill and onto

2300-525: The way to the final destiny, Thillaistanam. There is a grand display of fireworks in Cauvery riverbed outside Thillaistanam temple. The seven palanquins are carried to Aiyarappar temple in Thiruvaiyyaru. Hundreds of people witness the convergence of seven glass palanquins carrying principal deities of respective temples from seven places at Tiruvaiyaru. The devotees perform Poochorithal (flower festival) in which

2350-412: Was called Lokamahadevi Isvaram Udaiyar Mahadevar after the queen herself. She endowed several musical instruments during the time of Rajaraja while his daughter Gangamahadevi alias Arumoli Chandramalli gifted several fly-whisks to the presiding deity. Dakshina kailasam was renovated by Rajendra Cholan's queen. The Tevaram trinity ( Appar , Sambandar , and Sundarar ) have composed more than 100 songs on

2400-616: Was constructed by a Chola King in 2nd century CE. The hydroelectric plant built on the Sivanasamudra Falls in 1902 was the first hydroelectric plant in Asia. The Mettur Dam in Tamil Nadu was constructed in 1934 and the Stanley Reservoir formed by the dam has a capacity of 93.4 tmc ft . Krishna Raja Sagara in Karnataka is the second largest dam on the river and has a capacity of 49.5 tmc ft . Bhavanisagar Dam (32.8 tmc ft) on

2450-455: Was lost in the river basin between 1965 to 2016. The basin has a variety of flora with major species including Terminalia arjuna , Tamarindus indica , Pongamia pinnata , Salix tetrasperma , Ficus benghalensis , Ficus religiosa , Eucalyptus torticornis , and Diospyros montana . There are many protected areas spread across the river basin including significant tiger and elephant habitats. The basin provides habitat to

2500-504: Was reserved for wastage into the sea. The court directed the government to form a Cauvery Water Management Authority (CWMA) within six weeks and acting on the Supreme Court's direction, the central government constituted the CMWA in June 2018. In Hinduism , the river is considered one of seven holy rivers in India. The river is personified and worshiped as the river goddess Kaveri Amman . Kaveri

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