75-716: Saorsat ( / ˈ s ɛər s æ t / SAIR -sat ; a portmanteau of the Irish word Saor , meaning “free”, and a shortening of the word “satellite”, therefore making it a partial calque of the United Kingdom 's Freesat ) is a free-to-air satellite service in Ireland . The service launched on 3 May 2012. It was designed to provide TV service to a final 1-2% of the Irish population unable to receive other signals. The RTÉ Network Limited (RTÉNL) analogue terrestrial television (ATT) network
150-426: A compound , which fully preserves the stems of the original words. The British lecturer Valerie Adams's 1973 Introduction to Modern English Word-Formation explains that "In words such as motel ..., hotel is represented by various shorter substitutes – ‑otel ... – which I shall call splinters. Words containing splinters I shall call blends". Thus, at least one of the parts of a blend, strictly speaking,
225-451: A spot beam being dedicated exclusively to Ireland which will also provide coverage throughout Northern Ireland. The spot beam with frequency reuse means reception in most of Britain and continental Europe is not possible. RTÉ states that the chosen satellite option will cost approximately €1.5 million per year. RTÉ said that the combined offering was designed to be the most cost-effective solution for viewers and broadcasters, to offer for
300-442: A wideband LNB which is incompatible with most models of Freesat receiver. A "Hybrid" Sky Q LNB can be used as it has both wideband outputs for Sky Q and conventional universal LNB outputs for non-Sky Q receivers, including Freesat. In 2020 a new generation of Freesat boxes was launched, these work with regular LNBs and also Sky Q LNBs. For users who do not currently have a satellite dish, Freesat offers an installation service which
375-546: A Ka band LNB , dish and DVB-S2 receiver will be required to receive Saorsat. Reception of Sky or Freesat from the Astra 2 satellites at 28° East will require a separate feed and a DiSEqC or Multiswitch with a Diseqc compatible receiver. 2rn state that a dish of 1 metre (40") diameter is required for reception of Saorsat on the island of Ireland. Saorview is really the RTÉ NL name for the public service broadcaster multiplexes. According to
450-426: A backwards EPG and a Showcase section offering recommendations. HTML versions of BBC iPlayer and ITV Hub will also launch, both services use MHEG-5 on first generation devices. YouTube launched on Freetime receivers on 7 March 2013, the first deployment of YouTube's HTML app in a Western European TV service. 4oD launched on Freesat's Freetime receivers on 27 June 2013, making Freesat the first UK TV platform to host
525-523: A form suitable for carrying on horseback; (now esp.) one in the form of a stiff leather case hinged at the back to open into two equal parts". According to The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language ( AHD ), the etymology of the word is the French porte-manteau , from porter , "to carry", and manteau , "cloak" (from Old French mantel , from Latin mantellum ). According to
600-538: A full-time channel called ITV1 HD , simulcasting the main ITV1 channel. The name was changed back to ITV HD on 14 January 2013. BBC One HD , a high-definition simulcast of BBC One, was made available on Freesat and other platforms on 3 November 2010. Channel 4 HD also became available on the platform on 19 April 2011 but was withdrawn on 22 February 2018. NHK World HD was added to Freesat on 9 May 2011; it shared its channel number with its standard definition counterpart and
675-427: A kind of bath), the attributive blends of English are mostly head-final and mostly endocentric . As an example of an exocentric attributive blend, Fruitopia may metaphorically take the buyer to a fruity utopia (and not a utopian fruit); however, it is not a utopia but a drink. Coordinate blends (also called associative or portmanteau blends) combine two words having equal status, and have two heads. Thus brunch
750-586: A managed service with an Electronic Programme Guide and interactive features similar to the Freeview service launched three years earlier. Unlike Freeview, however, these features are only available on approved receivers manufactured under licence from Freesat. The initial plan was to launch the service in early 2006. This was postponed to Autumn 2007 as approval from the BBC Trust was only received in April 2007. However,
825-1021: A multi-switch. On a multi-switch the Saorsat LNB needs to be connected to vertical 0 kHz port only. The other 3 input ports are left unused. Even with the narrow beam, reception is available in the western parts of Scotland, England and Wales with an LNBF on an 80 cm (32") dish pointed at Eutelsat 9E. Saorsat only broadcasts channels from public broadcasters (7 TV and all radio services from RTÉ + Oireachtas TV and TG4). Virgin Media One , Virgin Media Two , Virgin Media Three , Virgin Media Four , Challenge TV , Sky News , UCB Ireland and Radio Maria Ireland which are available on Saorview are not broadcast on Saorsat. Saorsat channels may be sorted in various ways depending on device as it does not use LCNs. Therefore
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#1732868970907900-499: A satellite from which transmission covers a much larger area than just the UK and content licensing means that they had to be encrypted). As a result, a few Freesat viewers (who cannot receive free-to-view, encrypted content) were moved to regional variations not corresponding to their actual location. Other available regions may be chosen by putting a different postcode into the box for the preferred television region. BBC English Regional content
975-497: A second carrier will be used to carry material on the second Terrestrial PSB mux. The second DTT mux is running with no services on many sites and there is a second DVB-S2 carrier in the same part of the Ku band for Internet Services using SR 50000 with adaptive modulation and FEC. Any DVB-S2 HD satellite receiver can in theory be used to receive Saorsat as the Ka band LNBF converts to a regular IF in
1050-527: A third party, with Freesat operating the conditional access system that would underpin it. The plan is to use the upcoming launch of G2 spec receivers to add support for Digital Rights Management and, where technically possible, on existing receivers. On 29 November 2011, a beta trial for the subscription-based on demand movie service BoxOffice365 was added to the Freesat EPG. On 11 March 2013, BoxOffice365 withdrew from Freesat. The Freetime guide also features
1125-481: A total blend, each of the words creating the blend is reduced to a mere splinter. Some linguists limit blends to these (perhaps with additional conditions): for example, Ingo Plag considers "proper blends" to be total blends that semantically are coordinate, the remainder being "shortened compounds". Commonly for English blends, the beginning of one word is followed by the end of another: Much less commonly in English,
1200-474: Is frankenword , an autological word exemplifying the phenomenon it describes, blending " Frankenstein " and "word". Freesat Freesat is a British free-to-air satellite television service, first formed as a joint venture between the BBC and ITV plc and now owned by Everyone TV (itself owned by all of the four UK public service broadcasters , BBC , ITV , Channel 4 and Channel 5 ). The service
1275-477: Is a Japanese blend that has entered the English language. The Vietnamese language also encourages blend words formed from Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary . For example, the term Việt Cộng is derived from the first syllables of "Việt Nam" (Vietnam) and "Cộng sản" (communist). Many corporate brand names , trademarks, and initiatives, as well as names of corporations and organizations themselves, are blends. For example, Wiktionary , one of Misplaced Pages 's sister projects,
1350-489: Is a blend of wiki and dictionary . The word portmanteau was introduced in this sense by Lewis Carroll in the book Through the Looking-Glass (1871), where Humpty Dumpty explains to Alice the coinage of unusual words used in " Jabberwocky ". Slithy means "slimy and lithe" and mimsy means "miserable and flimsy". Humpty Dumpty explains to Alice the practice of combining words in various ways, comparing it to
1425-411: Is available for Humax increased to a 30-day catch-up service from the original 7-day service but with a larger ITV ident/logo in the top left of the screen, Manhattan, and some Sagemcom devices, however it is not available on 2nd Generation Humax devices to viewers using DG and TD postcodes. It is not clear why this is the case. In 2010, Freesat also indicated an intent to launch a receiver featuring
1500-440: Is both phonological and orthographic, but with no other shortening: The overlap may be both phonological and orthographic, and with some additional shortening to at least one of the ingredients: Such an overlap may be discontinuous: These are also termed imperfect blends. It can occur with three components: The phonological overlap need not also be orthographic: If the phonological but non-orthographic overlap encompasses
1575-590: Is made available through retailers and which is advertised in a leaflet included with Freesat receivers. A suitable dish may also be installed by the user or a non-Freesat-affiliated installer. While Freesat systems work in Ireland, official branded Freesat receivers are not widely or officially marketed in the country. On 23 October 2008, several Irish retail chains, including Maplin , Tesco Ireland and PowerCity began offering modified Freesat systems from Grundig and Alba that had their Freesat branding replaced with
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#17328689709071650-692: Is neither a breakfasty lunch nor a lunchtime breakfast but instead some hybrid of breakfast and lunch; Oxbridge is equally Oxford and Cambridge universities. This too parallels (conventional, non-blend) compounds: an actor–director is equally an actor and a director. Two kinds of coordinate blends are particularly conspicuous: those that combine (near‑) synonyms: and those that combine (near‑) opposites: Blending can also apply to roots rather than words, for instance in Israeli Hebrew : "There are two possible etymological analyses for Israeli Hebrew כספר kaspár 'bank clerk, teller'. The first
1725-525: Is no other current satellite solution with a spot covering only Ireland. Strictly speaking the spot covers a large part of Wales , South West England and the Hebrides of Scotland , but the frequency and polarisation reuse scheme means that no matter how big a dish is used, interference from a similar spot over northern France would prevent reception much beyond terrestrial overspill into Wales. Reception over all of Northern Ireland may be possible. At least
1800-664: Is not a complete morpheme , but instead a mere splinter or leftover word fragment. For instance, starfish is a compound, not a blend, of star and fish , as it includes both words in full. However, if it were called a " stish " or a " starsh ", it would be a blend. Furthermore, when blends are formed by shortening established compounds or phrases, they can be considered clipped compounds , such as romcom for romantic comedy . Blends of two or more words may be classified from each of three viewpoints: morphotactic, morphonological, and morphosemantic. Blends may be classified morphotactically into two kinds: total and partial . In
1875-502: Is positioned to receive these services will be capable of receiving Freesat, with the addition of a suitable receiver (or Television with the receiver built-in). Provided that the LNB has sufficient outputs, a single dish may be used to receive multiple services (i.e. Sky and Freesat). However, a dish with an LNB for the Sky Q service cannot be used with most types of Freesat receivers because Sky Q uses
1950-452: Is similar to a contraction . On the one hand, mainstream blends tend to be formed at a particular historical moment followed by a rapid rise in popularity. Contractions, on the other hand, are formed by the gradual drifting together of words over time due to them commonly appearing together in sequence, such as do not naturally becoming don't (phonologically, / d uː n ɒ t / becoming / d oʊ n t / ). A blend also differs from
2025-405: Is that it consists of (Hebrew>) Israeli כסף késef 'money' and the ( International /Hebrew>) Israeli agentive suffix ר- -ár . The second is that it is a quasi- portmanteau word which blends כסף késef 'money' and (Hebrew>) Israeli ספר √spr 'count'. Israeli Hebrew כספר kaspár started as a brand name but soon entered the common language. Even if the second analysis is the correct one,
2100-511: Is the LF7700 (discontinued mid-2010), with screen sizes of 32", 37", 42" and 47". Sony has released two televisions with Freesat receivers, the W5810 and Z5800 series, available from sizes 32" up to 52" and in 100 Hz and 200 Hz alternatives. The service makes use of the same group of Astra satellites at 28.2°E as the Sky subscription satellite service. This means that a satellite dish which
2175-468: The 2012 Summer Paralympics in high definition from the following day; the three channels also share their EPG slots. On 14 February 2013, RT HD was added to Freesat, sharing its channel number with its standard definition simulcast. On 26 March 2013, BBC HD was replaced by a high-definition simulcast of BBC Two . On 13 June 2013, an HD stream of the BBC Red Button was temporarily made available on
2250-520: The OED Online , the etymology of the word is the "officer who carries the mantle of a person in a high position (1507 in Middle French), case or bag for carrying clothing (1547), clothes rack (1640)". In modern French, a porte-manteau is a clothes valet , a coat-tree or similar article of furniture for hanging up jackets, hats, umbrellas and the like. An occasional synonym for "portmanteau word"
2325-601: The YouView service (then called 'Project Canvas') and said that the video on-demand services 4oD (now All 4 ) and Demand 5 were under consideration On 28 July 2011, the BBC Trust approved proposals to introduce the listing of pay content delivered on-demand via broadband. The trust will allow the BBC to continue to play a part in Freesat as the plans did not represent a significant change to
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2400-547: The digital terrestrial television (DTT) Freeview platform, and the free-to-air services on the IPTV and DTT YouView platform from EE TV and TalkTalk TV , the cable Virgin TV platform and the satellite Sky UK platform. In February 2021, it was announced that, subject to regulatory approval, Freesat was to merge its operation with Digital UK (now Everyone TV), the joint venture of BBC, ITV, Channel 4 and Channel 5, which manages
2475-468: The 950 MHz to 2,100 MHz band. If the receiver does not have a setting for the Ka band LNBF Lo, then a "fake" frequency 10.765 vertical rather than the real 20.185 may be entered when using the Inverto LNB with local oscillator of 21.2. To receive Freesat / Sky or other services alongside Saorsat, a dual- or multi-feed type dish or two dishes are needed with either one or more DiSEqC switches or
2550-882: The All4 catch-up service. However, Channel 4 HD returned to Freesat on 8 December 2021. Channel 5 HD and S4C HD continue to broadcast on Freesat, along with all the Channel 4 SD (standard definition) channels including Channel 4 SD, Film 4, E4, 4Seven and the +1 channels. In April 2022, QVC launched its HD service on Freesat, followed by ITV2 HD , ITV3 HD and ITV4 HD in November 2022, and in February 2023, BBC completed its upgrade to HD of BBC Parliament , BBC Red Button and BBC Alba , and all its regional services (removing access to regional services for SD-only receivers). On 9 January 2024, BBC closed all SD channels broadcasting by satellite, and on
2625-859: The Astra 2D satellite since launching on the Sky platform some years earlier, also made their channels free-to-air. On 18 November 2008, Channel 5 commenced broadcasting a single channel via Freesat, eventually adding its ancillary services 5USA and 5* (now known as 5STAR) three years later in December 2011. It later added Channel 5 HD to Freesat following the removal of BBC Three (BBC iii) as an SD and HD TV channel (when it moved to online and BBC iPlayer only). Viva moved from free-to-view to free-to-air on satellite on 19 March 2013 before launching on Freesat on 2 April 2013. On 2 April 2013, all seven of Box Television 's channels left Sky's subscription package, with six becoming free-to-air on satellite; on 15 April four of
2700-505: The EPG. On 16 July 2013, the BBC announced they would be launching five new HD channels in early 2014. The five channels (HD simulcasts of BBC Three, BBC Four, CBBC, CBeebies and BBC News) were in fact launched early – on 10 December 2013. BBC Three and BBC Three HD have been rebranded as BBC iii and are now only available on the BBC iPlayer, but in HD, if your television is HD-ready and can be connected to
2775-606: The FTA satellite option to the Department of Communications in mid-June 2010 for approval. RTÉ publicly announced at an Oireachtas Joint Committee on Communications discussion in mid July 2010 that a free-to-air satellite service, called Saorsat, would be offered to complement the terrestrial DTT service. The satellite option is a narrow-band satellite operating in the Ka band as opposed to the normal DTH Ku band (which Sky and Freesat use), with
2850-538: The Freesat on-demand services, offering catch-up programming from UKTV's channels, including Dave , Yesterday , Really and Drama . In March 2019, Channel 5's Demand 5 app provided catch-up for Channel 5 , 5 STAR , 5 USA , 5 SELECT , 5 Spike and Paramount Network was replaced on Freesat by My5, with a change in the user interface, a selection of programmes from partner channels, BLAZE , BET , PBS America , Real Stories, Spark and Together , and some programmes shown online exclusively or ahead of broadcast. At
2925-653: The HTML5 version of 4oD. Demand 5 arrived on Freesat on 6 August 2013. In December 2015, Freesat announced the availability of an application for the Netflix subscription TV streaming service on the Humax HDR-1000S, HDR-1010S, HDR-1100S and HB-1000S Freetime receivers. Netflix is expected to be available on other Freetime receivers in the future. In January 2016, Saorview , the Irish free TV service, announced it would be launching an online catch-up and on-demand TV service using
3000-573: The Humax HDR-1000S. In September 2018, Freesat announced that Arris International would produce Freesat's 3rd generation set-top box. The new boxes, which support 4K, were eventually released in February 2020 by CommScope , who purchased Arris International in 2019. Following the initial launch, Panasonic introduced three plasma televisions with integrated HD Freesat receivers. At the end of October 2008, Panasonic brought out two more sizes which are 32" and 37". In April 2009, LG launched four LCD TVs with built-in Freesat receivers. The LG series
3075-558: The RTÉ submission to Oireachtas committee the proposed RTÉ NL operated Saorsat is expected to be a copy of Saorview. As of 28 May 2011 the test loop used the same total bitrate as the terrestrial DTT mux. A dual feed dish (with Ku and Ka LNBFs) or a separate second boxed Cassegrain "dish" is required with a Diseqc switch and HD DVB-S2 tuner to have Freesat and Saorsat on the same set-box or IDTV receiver. RTÉ has made it clear that Saorview/Saorsat will not carry television services from outside
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3150-499: The Republic of Ireland and that people in Ireland should seek other digital services to view additional channels other than what is offered. In contrast, the Irish government has already signed an agreement to permit retransmission of BBC channels. Testing started in May 2011 on KA-SAT 9E, 20.185 GHz DVB-S2 SR25000 FEC 1/2 with pre-recorded material. The parameters are: It is likely
3225-613: The approval previously given in 2007. There was no need for a Public Value Test or for further regulatory process. Under the plans, some pay content, such as films, would be added to the Freesat EPG alongside the existing free-to-air content. However, there would be no adult material or live-streamed sports coverage. Freesat itself will not supply any of the on-demand content but will allow third parties to do so through its EPG. Some content will also be made available through existing channels using an on-screen prompt that would take viewers to an on-demand environment. Pay-TV sales would be handled by
3300-461: The basis that programming is broadcast solely to Irish audiences (i.e. some 4.5 million people) and not to approximately 100 million people within the Astra footprint. The Board of RTÉ approved the Saorsat approach developed by RTÉNL from early 2010 to enable the 1-2% of Irish households not covered by Saorview to access free-to-air digital television services. RTÉ submitted a revised DTT plan including
3375-502: The beginning of one word may be followed by the beginning of another: Some linguists do not regard beginning+beginning concatenations as blends, instead calling them complex clippings, clipping compounds or clipped compounds . Unusually in English, the end of one word may be followed by the end of another: A splinter of one word may replace part of another, as in three coined by Lewis Carroll in " Jabberwocky ": They are sometimes termed intercalative blends; these words are among
3450-485: The broadcast, streaming and EPG of Freeview. In July 2021, Digital UK acquired Freesat from its two shareholders, the BBC and ITV and the merger was completed. In January 2023, Digital UK changed its name to Everyone TV. The BBC and ITV, the two biggest free-to-air broadcasters in the UK, make their services available digitally through three routes: free-to-air via digital terrestrial and digital satellite, and subscription-only via digital cable. On digital terrestrial ,
3525-422: The channels have always been available free-to-air with the appropriate equipment. In 2007 Freeview was available to only 73% of the population. After analogue TV services were replaced in the digital switchover , this increased to 98.5% for the public service channels and 90% for the full 'Freeview' service. To provide more widespread coverage and a larger number of channels, a digital satellite alternative
3600-419: The channels – The Box , Kerrang! TV , Kiss TV and Smash Hits – were added to the Freesat EPG. This was followed by Heat and Magic on 29 April. The free-to-air channels can be received using any standard satellite ( DVB-S ) receiver, although those not licensed by Freesat will need to be re-tuned manually if/when channel frequencies are changed. (See next section.) The Freesat project aims to provide
3675-589: The channels. Similarly, to use the Videoguard encryption, the broadcasters needed to pay a fee to NDS Group . In May 2003, the BBC moved most of its channels from the Astra 2A satellite to Astra 2D , which has a footprint that focuses more tightly on the UK. This move allowed the BBC to stop encrypting its broadcasts while continuing to meet its rights obligations. It dropped the encryption two months later. Two months later, ITV, whose channels had already been located on
3750-655: The commercial version of the Freetime software, including EPG roll-back and remote recording, with Freesat providing a fully managed service. In September 2016, the BBC closed the MHEG version of the BBC iPlayer (V2) used on some older connected TVs and receivers (manufactured between 2008 and 2014). Freesat Freetime equipment using the HbbTV version was unaffected. The BBC recommended that consumers should purchase replacement receivers to continue to receive iPlayer. In October 2016, STV Player
3825-586: The final syllable ר- -ár apparently facilitated nativization since it was regarded as the Hebrew suffix ר- -år (probably of Persian pedigree), which usually refers to craftsmen and professionals, for instance as in Mendele Mocher Sforim 's coinage סמרטוטר smartutár 'rag-dealer'." Blending may occur with an error in lexical selection , the process by which a speaker uses his semantic knowledge to choose words. Lewis Carroll's explanation, which gave rise to
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#17328689709073900-572: The first time 100% coverage of free-to-air public service television services in the Republic of Ireland and to provide full national back-up coverage on satellite in the event of an emergency or catastrophic failure of the DTT system. Approval for the revised National DTT plan and Saorsat satellite service was announced by the Minister for Communications at the end of July 2010. RTÉ did not confirm that Saorsat would broadcast from KA-SAT until February 2012. There
3975-503: The following day, ITV closed the SD channels, ITV3, ITV4 and ITVBe, although the +1 versions of ITV3 and ITV4 remained available on SD-only receivers. Some channels (notably BBC One and ITV) are transmitted in regional variations and the appropriate services are selected by the Freesat receiver from the user's postcode. In March 2010, ITV altered several of their regions from free-to-air transmission to free-to-view (because they were moved to
4050-403: The ingredients is the head and the other is attributive. A porta-light is a portable light, not a 'light-emitting' or light portability; light is the head. A snobject is a snobbery-satisfying object and not an objective or other kind of snob; object is the head. As is also true for (conventional, non-blend) attributive compounds (among which bathroom , for example, is a kind of room, not
4125-460: The internet either directly (using an Ethernet cable) or via wi-fi or via your computer online. You now have to pay a licence fee to receive all BBC TV channels legally on all devices. Channel 4 pulled its 4HD service from Freesat on 22 February 2018, along with its catch-up on-demand All4 service. It claimed that Freesat had significantly increased Channel 4's fee for the Freesat platform, with Freesat claiming that they had not increased their fee for
4200-420: The launch of the service, there were two types of Freesat receivers available —standard definition-only receivers and high definition-capable receivers. As of July 2010, there were eleven companies licensed to produce Freesat boxes and televisions. Humax launched a Freesat recorder, Freesat+ , which became available to the public in November 2008. On 17 October 2012, Humax released the first Freetime receiver,
4275-442: The launch. In addition some channels from other broadcasters such as Chello Zone , CSC Media Group , Al Jazeera English , Zee Live , Zee News , RIA Novosti and Euronews were included on the channel list. BBC HD was the only high-definition channel available on Freesat from launch day, with ITV HD added as a "red-button" interactive service from 7 June 2008. On 2 April 2010 ITV HD changed from an interactive service to
4350-490: The morphemes or phonemes stay in the same position within the syllable. Some languages, like Japanese , encourage the shortening and merging of borrowed foreign words (as in gairaigo ), because they are long or difficult to pronounce in the target language. For example, karaoke , a combination of the Japanese word kara (meaning empty ) and the clipped form oke of the English loanword "orchestra" (J. ōkesutora , オーケストラ ),
4425-495: The original "portmanteaus" for which this meaning of the word was created. In a partial blend, one entire word is concatenated with a splinter from another. Some linguists do not recognize these as blends. An entire word may be followed by a splinter: A splinter may be followed by an entire word: An entire word may replace part of another: These have also been called sandwich words, and classed among intercalative blends. (When two words are combined in their entirety,
4500-406: The platform. On 8 November 2022, Freesat added ITV2 HD, ITV3 HD and ITV4 HD, followed by ITVBe HD on 12 December 2023. The HD channels replaced the SD channels on their previous channel numbers. The BBC began to roll out a beta version of BBC iPlayer for Freesat devices in early 2010. BBC iPlayer is an internet-based service with around 2500 hours of television being available on demand. ITVX
4575-529: The range of apps available on Freesat 4K boxes. On 13 June 2021, GB News launched in HD on channel 216. On 11 October 2021, That's TV Gold launched on Freesat channel 178, broadcasting classic TV entertainment, music and films from the 1960s to today, 24 hours per day. On 8 December 2021, the high-definition version of Channel 4 re-joined the Freesat lineup (it had left in February 2018) and Channel 4's music channels, Box Hits , The Box , Kiss , Magic and Kerrang! , also started broadcasting again on
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#17328689709074650-453: The result is considered a compound word rather than a blend. For example, bagpipe is a compound, not a blend, of bag and pipe. ) Morphologically, blends fall into two kinds: overlapping and non-overlapping . Overlapping blends are those for which the ingredients' consonants, vowels or even syllables overlap to some extent. The overlap can be of different kinds. These are also called haplologic blends. There may be an overlap that
4725-493: The service IDs are listed instead. SIDs 5106, 5119 and 5120 are test services which may not be visible on some receivers. Portmanteau In linguistics , a blend —also known as a blend word , lexical blend , or portmanteau —is a word formed by combining the meanings, and parts of the sounds, of two or more words together. English examples include smog , coined by blending smoke and fog , as well as motel , from motor ( motorist ) and hotel . A blend
4800-404: The service was further delayed and was officially launched on 6 May 2008. The service launched officially on 6 May 2008. From the launch, Freesat advertised all national television channels from the BBC and ITV as being available on the platform (excluding ITV2 +1), as well as all national BBC radio networks. Channel 4 also managed to make most of its channels free-to-air in preparation for
4875-480: The then-common type of luggage , which opens into two equal parts: You see it's like a portmanteau—there are two meanings packed up into one word. In his introduction to his 1876 poem The Hunting of the Snark , Carroll again uses portmanteau when discussing lexical selection: Humpty Dumpty's theory, of two meanings packed into one word like a portmanteau, seems to me the right explanation for all. For instance, take
4950-462: The two words "fuming" and "furious". Make up your mind that you will say both words, but leave it unsettled which you will say first … if you have the rarest of gifts, a perfectly balanced mind, you will say "frumious". In then-contemporary English, a portmanteau was a suitcase that opened into two equal sections. According to the OED Online , a portmanteau is a "case or bag for carrying clothing and other belongings when travelling; (originally) one of
5025-406: The use of 'portmanteau' for such combinations, was: Humpty Dumpty's theory, of two meanings packed into one word like a portmanteau, seems to me the right explanation for all. For instance, take the two words "fuming" and "furious." Make up your mind that you will say both words ... you will say "frumious." The errors are based on similarity of meanings, rather than phonological similarities, and
5100-542: The whole of the shorter ingredient, as in then the effect depends on orthography alone. (They are also called orthographic blends. ) An orthographic overlap need not also be phonological: For some linguists, an overlap is a condition for a blend. Non-overlapping blends (also called substitution blends) have no overlap, whether phonological or orthographic: Morphosemantically, blends fall into two kinds: attributive and coordinate . Attributive blends (also called syntactic or telescope blends) are those in which one of
5175-611: Was added to Freesat 4K boxes to provide streaming access to live and catch-up BBC radio and podcast services. On 30 November 2020, Court TV joined the Freesat EPG as channel 177, 12 weeks after first launching on satellite for the UK. On 17 September 2020, Sky Arts Launched on Freesat channel 147 as a result of the channel itself going free-to-air, offering 24 hours a day of programmes dedicated to highbrow arts , including theatrical performances, movies, documentaries and music (such as opera performances and classical and jazz sessions). On 16 December 2020, Amazon Prime Video joined
5250-422: Was felt necessary. Initially, both the BBC's and ITV's channels were encrypted since the original Astra satellites used for Sky broadcast to most of Europe but the broadcasters' rights for premium content such as films and sports typically covered the UK only. The use of encryption meant that anyone wishing to view the channels had to purchase equipment from Sky and pay for a free-to-view viewing card to decrypt
5325-711: Was formed as a memorandum in 2007 and has been marketed since 6 May 2008. Freesat offers a satellite alternative to the Freeview service on digital terrestrial television , with a broadly similar selection of channels available without subscription for users purchasing a receiver. The service also makes use of the additional capacity available on satellite broadcasting to offer a selection of 60 (as of December 2023 ) high-definition channels from broadcasters including BBC, ITV, Channel 4, Channel 5, Sky Mix , Arirang TV , Bloomberg , Daystar , Discovery Networks , France 24 , NHK , and TRT World . Freesat's main competitors are
5400-617: Was made available to Freesat viewers. The online live streaming and catch-up service operated by STV shows ITV programmes and content from its own archive. All4 (formerly 4OD) was added to the [Humax] Freesat service soon after its launch online; however, due to fee increases at the start of 2018, Channel 4 have withdrawn the All4 on-demand service from all boxes that carry the Freesat Freetime service, from 22 February 2018 as well as taking Channel 4HD from all HD-capable Freesat devices. In September 2018, catch-up service UKTV Play joined
5475-472: Was never capable of providing 100% population coverage in Ireland. Prior to the digital switchover, ATT population coverage amounted to 98% for RTÉ One and RTÉ Two , 95% for TG4 and 85% for TV3 . Saorview DTT faces a similar difficulty. Broadcasting the channels unencrypted from the Astra 2 satellites at 28° East was not considered an option due to its large footprint covering the UK, France and many other countries. Irish broadcasters acquire rights on
5550-458: Was previously only available in SD, whereas Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland programmes had also been available in HD on BBC One only. As of March 2023, all BBC services, including English regions, are available in HD with regional services now unavailable in SD. The SD “Nightlight” services for viewers with non-HD equipment has closed on 8 January 2024. On 24 November 2020, the BBC Sounds app
5625-423: Was therefore only listed on high-definition receivers, which were unable to access the standard definition channel via the EPG. (The SD channel ceased transmission on 1 October 2011.) On 23 July 2012, the BBC added 24 temporary channels to cover the 2012 Summer Olympics ; the channels share their EPG slot with their standard definition counterpart. On 29 August 2012, Channel 4 added three temporary channels covering
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