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109-503: Santry ( Irish : Seantrabh , meaning 'Old tribe') is a suburb on the northside of Dublin , Ireland, bordering Coolock , Glasnevin , Kilmore and Ballymun . It straddles the boundary of Dublin City Council and Fingal County Council jurisdictions. The character of the area has changed in the last 100 years, from a district centred on a large estate, and later a small village, to a modern, rather dispersed, mixed-use suburb. Much of

218-540: A unique dialect of Irish developed before falling out of use in the early 20th century. With a writing system , Ogham , dating back to at least the 4th century AD, which was gradually replaced by Latin script since the 5th century AD, Irish has one of the oldest vernacular literatures in Western Europe . On the island, the language has three major dialects: Connacht , Munster and Ulster Irish . All three have distinctions in their speech and orthography . There

327-586: A Baronet (of Templeogue and Santry House) in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 27 December 1814. Lady Compton Domvile was involved in developing a model village in Santry around 1840 in a Swiss style for estate labourers. Ninian Niven is recorded as laying out the formal gardens at the house in 1857 for Compton Domvile and works likely carried on after his death. Works are also recorded as being carried out at

436-775: A Dublin merchant and alderman sometime in the early 1600s. The Barry's were originally an ancient Cork family although both his father and grandfather were wealthy Dublin merchants. A substantial house was already on the grounds by 1664 when it was taxed for eleven hearths. It would have originally been the Norman manorial settlement of Adam de Feypo . The house was built between 1703-09 by Henry Barry, 3rd Baron Barry of Santry and his wife Bridget Domvile, daughter of Sir Thomas Domvile, 1st Baronet , of Templeogue and granddaughter of William Domville . The house and estate were later inherited by their son Henry Barry, 4th Baron Barry of Santry and quadrant links and wings were added later to give

545-697: A bargaining chip during government formation in Northern Ireland, prompting protests from organisations and groups such as An Dream Dearg . Irish became an official language of the EU on 1 January 2007, meaning that MEPs with Irish fluency can now speak the language in the European Parliament and at committees, although in the case of the latter they have to give prior notice to a simultaneous interpreter in order to ensure that what they say can be interpreted into other languages. While an official language of

654-560: A better future for Ireland and all her citizens." The Strategy was produced on 21 December 2010 and will stay in action until 2030; it aims to target language vitality and revitalization of the Irish language. The 30-page document published by the Government of Ireland details the objectives it plans to work towards in an attempt to preserve and promote both the Irish language and the Gaeltacht. It

763-419: A campanile which carried an inscription which read "This house was restored to its original condition by Sir Charles C. W. Domvile Bart. The work commencing in the spring of 1857 and being completed in the spring of 1858." The house contained many important items of art and furniture including paintings by Dutch masters. Samuel Lewis, writing in 1837 notes the house was "ornamented with numerous family portraits,

872-761: A company of local yeomanry (government militia) from Santry village and were massacred. The bloodshed was so bad in this action that the area at the northern gateway to Santry Demesne (now near the Little Venice Restaurant) was known as "Bloody Hollows" for several years after. Later a Royal Irish Constabulary station was located on the site of the present-day restaurant. In recent decades, suburban housing estates have been built around Santry, including most recently some initially controversial developments within Santry Demesne. Hotels have also appeared. Santry Court (also referred to as Santry Park or Santry Woods)

981-472: A cultural and social force. Irish speakers often insisted on using the language in law courts (even when they knew English), and Irish was also common in commercial transactions. The language was heavily implicated in the "devotional revolution" which marked the standardisation of Catholic religious practice and was also widely used in a political context. Down to the time of the Great Famine and even afterwards,

1090-541: A degree course in the NUI federal system to pass the subject of Irish in the Leaving Certificate or GCE / GCSE examinations. Exemptions are made from this requirement for students who were born or completed primary education outside of Ireland, and students diagnosed with dyslexia . NUI Galway is required to appoint people who are competent in the Irish language, as long as they are also competent in all other aspects of

1199-536: A few smaller settlement clusters where development had already begun in places such as Larkhill, which would eventually grow into significant suburbs. The first phase of a housing programme for 1,500 homes over a five-year period was proposed, with construction beginning at Cabra West, Rutland Avenue, Donnycarney, Sarsfield Road, Crumlin, Ellenfield, Larkhill and Terenure. Additional homes would be constructed to these, and schools, shops, churches, libraries, and other amenities would be made available. A £7 million total budget

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1308-460: A fully recognised EU language for the first time in the state's history. Before Irish became an official language it was afforded the status of treaty language and only the highest-level documents of the EU were made available in Irish. The Irish language was carried abroad in the modern period by a vast diaspora , chiefly to Great Britain and North America, but also to Australia , New Zealand and Argentina . The first large movements began in

1417-453: A house provided by Archbishop Hugh Boulter . The School closed in 1840, and the building was renamed Santry Lodge . Much of modern Santry is made up of housing estates, which are a mixture of private and social housing, with most estates being made up of the former. Reflecting the area's roots, many of their names start with 'Shan', such as Shanliss, Shanowen, Shanglas, Shanboley, Shanvarna and Shangan (the latter having been encroached upon by

1526-574: A paper suggested that within a generation, non-Gaeltacht habitual users of Irish might typically be members of an urban, middle class, and highly educated minority. Parliamentary legislation is supposed to be available in both Irish and English but is frequently only available in English. This is notwithstanding that Article 25.4 of the Constitution of Ireland requires that an "official translation" of any law in one official language be provided immediately in

1635-554: A pass in Leaving Certificate Irish or English, and receive lessons in Irish during their two years of training. Official documents of the Irish government must be published in both Irish and English or Irish alone (in accordance with the Official Languages Act 2003, enforced by An Coimisinéir Teanga , the Irish language ombudsman). The National University of Ireland requires all students wishing to embark on

1744-611: A religious context. An Irish translation of the Old Testament by Leinsterman Muircheartach Ó Cíonga , commissioned by Bishop Bedell , was published after 1685 along with a translation of the New Testament. Otherwise, Anglicisation was seen as synonymous with 'civilising' the native Irish. Currently, modern day Irish speakers in the church are pushing for language revival. It has been estimated that there were around 800,000 monoglot Irish speakers in 1800, which dropped to 320,000 by

1853-482: A style similar to great English country houses of the period. The main front doorcase was also constructed with a segmental stone pediment and ornately carved Corinthian columns at the top of a long and shallow flight of grand stone steps. About 40 years after its initial construction the house was enlarged with flanking wings in the Palladian style constructed in the same manner as the main house. Both quadrant links to

1962-438: A valuable collection of historical and scriptural paintings by the best masters, and many valuable specimens of the fine arts". Most of the furniture and most valuable contents and paintings of the house were intentionally not recorded and secretly removed by Charles Domville and his servant Robert Roberts in the months and years prior to his bankruptcy in 1874 and moved to London or sold to London based brokers for onward sale in

2071-537: A wider meaning, including the Gaelic of Scotland and the Isle of Man , as well as of Ireland. When required by the context, these are distinguished as Gaeilge na hAlban , Gaeilge Mhanann and Gaeilge na hÉireann respectively. In English (including Hiberno-English ), the language is usually referred to as Irish , as well as Gaelic and Irish Gaelic . The term Irish Gaelic may be seen when English speakers discuss

2180-523: A ‘sketch’ plan as  required by the 1934 law. The Larkhill scheme was an addition to the ongoing Ellenfield project. Both were near the upcoming Associated Properties’ Wadelai development. A total of 537 homes were to be constructed in Larkhill. The total number of dwellings built in Larkhill, which was completed 1939, was slightly higher than anticipated. Larkhill construction was relatively modest, and an independent development with straightforward access to

2289-544: Is a demesne situated within Santry, in the administration of Fingal County Council and adjacent to Morton Stadium , the national athletics stadium. It contains a walled garden, a lake, monuments and has the Santry River going through it. The stadium was the venue for the European Cross Country Championships in 2009. Where the new Santry Demesne public park is situated, on part of the estate lands,

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2398-448: Is also An Caighdeán Oifigiúil , a standardised written form devised by a parliamentary commission in the 1950s. The traditional Irish alphabet , a variant of the Latin alphabet with 18 letters , has been succeeded by the standard Latin alphabet (albeit with 7–8 letters used primarily in loanwords ). Irish has constitutional status as the national and first official language of

2507-749: Is an anglicisation of the Irish placename Seantrabh ( IPA: [ˈʃanˠt̪ˠɾˠaw] , approximately SHAN-trav ) meaning "old tribe" with the name referenced as far back as 828 AD. The Great Book of Lecan refers to a tribe called the Almanii who inhabited the area, which may have been the source of the name. During the Viking invasions, Norse farmers are recorded as settling in the north Dublin area, which proved to be excellent farmland. These Norsemen were famous for their agricultural prowess, and crafts. They also brought new pastimes and strange Scandinavian phrases which are thought to survive to today further away from

2616-782: Is based in Lorcan Green. The Santry Forum, based in the Santry Community Resource Centre, off Coolock Lane, represents residents in the Santry and Whitehall area. Santry has long been the location of a number of businesses and industries, from Chrysler and the Talbot factory on Shanowen Road (which became the Garda Station), to IT companies and logistic service providers associated with nearby Dublin Airport. Businesses based here include Kellogg's. Industrial estates and business parks in

2725-511: Is divided into four separate phases with the intention of improving 9 main areas of action including: The general goal for this strategy was to increase the number of daily speakers from 83,000 to 250,000 by the end of its run. By 2022, the number of such speakers had fallen to 71,968. Before the partition of Ireland in 1921, Irish was recognised as a school subject and as "Celtic" in some third level institutions. Between 1921 and 1972, Northern Ireland had devolved government. During those years

2834-461: Is home to the Crowne Plaza hotel, several restaurants, multiple gymnasiums, a track and field stadium, several medical facilities, a go-karting/paint-balling arena, an AIB bank, an industrial estate, a skate park, several B&B's, several pubs, an outdoor 'Astro' soccer stadium and local primary and secondary schools. Santry is just a few minutes' drive from Dublin Airport. The Santry Sports Clinic

2943-730: Is located in Santry Demense and provides a wide range of mainly sports-related orthopaedic therapy. Santry is served by Holy Child National School (infant class boys, girls to 6th class) and Holy Child Boys National School in Larkhill, and Gaelscoil Cholmcille, and for second level: Margaret Aylward School, Whitehall House, St. Aidan's C.B.S. , Plunket College and Clonturk Community College. Our Lady of Mercy College in Beaumont, Maryfield College , Rosmini, Dominican College Griffith Avenue and Trinity Comprehensive School in Ballymun would also serve some of

3052-567: Is only in Gaeltacht areas that Irish continues to be spoken as a community vernacular to some extent. According to data compiled by the Department of Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht , Sport and Media , only 1/4 of households in Gaeltacht areas are fluent in Irish. The author of a detailed analysis of the survey, Donncha Ó hÉallaithe of the Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology , described

3161-534: Is said many of the archaeological artefacts were destroyed at this time including the statue of the horse on the lawn. In 1972, 10 acres of the original estate was sold to Trinity College Dublin by the Harris family for use as its sports grounds while 2 acres were sold to the Industrial Development Agency. In 2003 much of the grounds of the original house and estate were opened as a public park. Many of

3270-412: Is still spoken daily to some extent as a first language . These regions are known individually and collectively as the Gaeltacht (plural Gaeltachtaí ). While the fluent Irish speakers of these areas, whose numbers have been estimated at 20–30,000, are a minority of the total number of fluent Irish speakers, they represent a higher concentration of Irish speakers than other parts of the country and it

3379-589: Is the Christian Fellowship Church, off Coolock Lane. Santry is the base of a number of sports clubs such as the association football clubs St. Kevin's Boys Club established in 1959 who play in Shanowen Road, Ellenfield park, Albert College park, Coolgreena and off the Old Airport Road and Lorcan Celtic established in 1987 who play in Lorcan Green. Sporting Fingal F.C. played their home games at

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3488-709: The Fíor-Ghaeltacht (true Gaeltacht ), a term originally officially applied to areas where over 50% of the population spoke Irish. There are Gaeltacht regions in the following counties: Gweedore ( Gaoth Dobhair ), County Donegal, is the largest Gaeltacht parish in Ireland. Irish language summer colleges in the Gaeltacht are attended by tens of thousands of teenagers annually. Students live with Gaeltacht families, attend classes, participate in sports, go to céilithe and are obliged to speak Irish. All aspects of Irish culture and tradition are encouraged. The Act

3597-619: The Republic of Ireland , and is also an official language of Northern Ireland and among the official languages of the European Union . The public body Foras na Gaeilge is responsible for the promotion of the language throughout the island. Irish has no regulatory body but An Caighdeán Oifigiúil , the standard written form, is guided by a parliamentary service and new vocabulary by a voluntary committee with university input. In An Caighdeán Oifigiúil ("The Official [Written] Standard ")

3706-611: The 17th century, largely as a result of the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland , which saw many Irish sent to the West Indies . Irish emigration to the United States was well established by the 18th century, and was reinforced in the 1840s by thousands fleeing from the Famine . This flight also affected Britain. Up until that time most emigrants spoke Irish as their first language, though English

3815-473: The 1930s that demonstrated the extent of the issue and Dublin Corporation were aware that the slums were not being cleared as rapidly as they wished. In 1938, Dr Hernon, the city manager, disclosed a five-year plan that would result in an additional 12,000 dwellings built at a cost of about £7.5m. This was said to be roughly half of what had been suggested by the citizens housing council but it was believed that it

3924-712: The 1998 Good Friday Agreement , the language gradually received a degree of formal recognition in Northern Ireland from the United Kingdom, and then, in 2003, by the British government's ratification in respect of the language of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages . In the 2006 St Andrews Agreement the British government promised to enact legislation to promote the language and in 2022 it approved legislation to recognise Irish as an official language alongside English. The bill received royal assent on 6 December 2022. The Irish language has often been used as

4033-400: The 2021 census of Northern Ireland , 43,557 individuals stated they spoke Irish on a daily basis, 26,286 spoke it on a weekly basis, 47,153 spoke it less often than weekly, and 9,758 said they could speak Irish, but never spoke it. From 2006 to 2008, over 22,000 Irish Americans reported speaking Irish as their first language at home, with several times that number claiming "some knowledge" of

4142-403: The 6th century, used the Latin alphabet and is attested primarily in marginalia to Latin manuscripts. During this time, the Irish language absorbed some Latin words, some via Old Welsh , including ecclesiastical terms : examples are easpag (bishop) from episcopus , and Domhnach (Sunday, from dominica ). By the 10th century, Old Irish had evolved into Middle Irish , which

4251-493: The 90 volunteers in the garden, since 2013 there is also a bee apiary. A number of tree species in Santry include native trees such as oak, ash, beech and rowan, as well as the more exotic Spanish chestnuts, Californian redwood (Sequoias), Italian walnut, Lebanon cedar, Horse chestnut, Sweet chestnut, Beech, Evergreen Oak, and Chinese Pines. The house was built by the 3rd Lord Barry of Santry in 1703. Steps and wings were added by Henry Barry, 4th Baron Barry of Santry 1740–50, who

4360-563: The Act all detailing different aspects of the use of Irish in official documentation and communication. Included in these sections are subjects such as Irish language use in official courts, official publications, and placenames. The Act was recently amended in December 2019 in order to strengthen the already preexisting legislation. All changes made took into account data collected from online surveys and written submissions. The Official Languages Scheme

4469-538: The Domville family departed Ireland post-independence in 1921. It came into the possession of the State, which intended to repair it and use it as a mental asylum. This plan was shelved by the start of World War II ; the need to increase security around Dublin Airport meant it was used as an army depot, and part of the gardens as a firing range. There are many theories locally about what happened next but it appears as if soldiers of

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4578-463: The European Union , only co-decision regulations were available until 2022, due to a five-year derogation, requested by the Irish Government when negotiating the language's new official status. The Irish government had committed itself to train the necessary number of translators and interpreters and to bear the related costs. This derogation ultimately came to an end on 1 January 2022, making Irish

4687-538: The Irish army caused a fire and the house was severely damaged in 1947, followed by demolition shortly afterwards. In 1972, part of the demesne was sold to Trinity College Dublin , and was developed with sports grounds, as well as a book storage facility for its library system. As of 2010, the walled garden was leased to a community group to run as a Community Garden; the 4-acre plot is divided into three sections an ornamental section, heritage and kitchen garden. Several varieties of plants, vegetables and fruit are grown by

4796-536: The Irish language policy followed by Irish governments as a "complete and absolute disaster". The Irish Times , referring to his analysis published in the Irish language newspaper Foinse , quoted him as follows: "It is an absolute indictment of successive Irish Governments that at the foundation of the Irish State there were 250,000 fluent Irish speakers living in Irish-speaking or semi Irish-speaking areas, but

4905-523: The London, Paris and New York markets. Following this point a sale of the remaining contents of the house was held at the property over a period of ten days. Among the items sold was a portrait of Richard Wingfield, 1st Viscount Powerscourt (third creation) by painter Anthony Lee which was purchased by the 7th Viscount Powerscourt. Another notable item was a portrait of members of the Hellfire club made while on

5014-646: The Morton Stadium during their three seasons in the League of Ireland, from 2008 to 2011 when they disbanded. Clonliffe Harriers Athletic Club is based in the Morton Stadium in Santry, which they built in 1955. Trinity College has sports grounds on a former part of the Santry Demense off Santry Avenue; this includes facilities for rugby, soccer, Gaelic football, hurling and hockey pitches. Santry TaeKwon-Do meet in Astro Park. Greyhound racing and speedway took place at

5123-597: The Republic of Ireland ), new appointees to the Civil Service of the Republic of Ireland , including postal workers , tax collectors , agricultural inspectors, Garda Síochána (police), etc., were required to have some proficiency in Irish. By law, a Garda who was addressed in Irish had to respond in Irish as well. In 1974, in part through the actions of protest organisations like the Language Freedom Movement ,

5232-436: The Santry Demesne junction 17a - from Blanchardstown to Kilbarrack via Finglas 33 – From Balbriggan to Lower Abbey Street 41 – From Swords Manor to Lower Abbey Street 41b – From Rolestown to Lower Abbey Street 41c – From Swords Manor to Lower Abbey Street 104 – From Clontarf Road to DCU Although Santry isn’t served by rail, the upcoming MetroLink is planned to pass near Santry, with Ballymun and Northwood as

5341-527: The Santry River, which forms the boundary of the park today, was widened to create a small pond for the boating pleasure of Georgian ladies and gentlemen who resided at, and visited, the house. In 1912 King Victor Emmanuel of Italy presented the Domvilles with a gift of 16 foreign tree species. In 1972, part of the demesne was sold to Trinity College Dublin , and was developed with sports grounds, as well as

5450-602: The Santry Sports Stadium (not to be confused with the Morton Stadium.) The greyhound racing was operational from August 1945 until 1951 and the speedway operated from 1948 until 1951. The Greenfield Park Residents Association works on behalf of residents of the Greenfield Estate, which comprises Shanliss, Shanard, Shanowen, Oldtown and parts of Ballymun Road and Collins Avenue, and has a Residents Community Club on Shanliss Avenue. The Lorcan Estate Residents Association

5559-497: The area include Airways Industrial Estate, Furry Park Industrial Estate, Santry Hall Industrial Estate, Shanowen Road Business Park, St John's Court Office Park and Woodford Business Park. Public transport comprises a number of bus routes, operated by Dublin Bus and Go-Ahead Ireland 16 – From Ballinteer to Airport N4 - from The Point to Blanchardstown via Collins Ave 27b – From Harristown to Eden Quay – turns away from Santry at

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5668-731: The beginning of the following academic year. For a number of years there has been vigorous debate in political, academic and other circles about the failure of most students in English-medium schools to achieve competence in Irish, even after fourteen years of teaching as one of the three main subjects. The concomitant decline in the number of traditional native speakers has also been a cause of great concern. In 2007, filmmaker Manchán Magan found few Irish speakers in Dublin , and faced incredulity when trying to get by speaking only Irish in Dublin. He

5777-471: The bottom of North Great George's Street by David Norris after they had been donated to the Irish Georgian Society by the owner of the estate Robert (Pino) Harris. The main gates to the gardens were moved to the front gate of St. Brendan's Hospital, Dublin around 1940 where they remain as of 2024. The main gates of the demesne are now located at nearby Dardisdown Cemetery. A small bend in

5886-442: The buildings rapidly deteriorated from there with the remains finally demolished in 1959. Between 1957 and 1958, Morton Stadium was constructed within the grounds of the estate as Ireland's national athletics stadium. The area had earlier been leased to Clonliffe Harriers athletics club in 1956. In 1969, the estate was sold by the state to several different parties including the family of businessperson Robert (Pino) Harris. It

5995-465: The city. After this time, people began to refer to the area north of the River Tolka , including from Santry and north to Swords, Lusk, and beyond as " Fingal ", which translates as "fair-haired foreigner". The name was confined to songs, poems, folk memory and some antiquarian titles until a re-organization of local government in the 1990s set up Fingal and Fingal County Council. In the 12th century,

6104-410: The early parts of which were in the Irish language, these and other valuable contents were destroyed in a fire prior to his recording in 1941. He also noted that the archives of the estate were collected by Dublin Corporation prior to the fire. Other contents and garden items were purchased by various businesspeople and enthusiasts, the garden gates with gas lamps were at one stage proposed to be put at

6213-468: The end of the famine, and under 17,000 by 1911. Irish is recognised by the Constitution of Ireland as the national and first official language of Republic of Ireland (English being the other official language). Despite this, almost all government business and legislative debate is conducted in English. In 1938, the founder of Conradh na Gaeilge (Gaelic League), Douglas Hyde , was inaugurated as

6322-429: The estate passed to his nephew Sir Hugo Poë , who assumed the surname Domvile. The Swiss Cottages that are still associated in memory with Santry are largely no longer extant. The cottages were built in 1840 by Lady Domville who, after a visit to Switzerland, decided to build 11 Swiss-style cottages for the farm workers and estate staff. Unfortunately, 10 of the 11 cottages were demolished due to their dilapidation. While

6431-560: The estate with the house in the background. This was purchased by a Mr John Wardell of Thomas Street, Dublin and was later donated by his son to the National Gallery of Ireland in 1878. Writing in 1883, Benjamin Adams in 'A History of the Parish of Santry' notes it as "resembling on a minor scale Versailles Palace. It comprises a centre and two wings, the latter thrown forward and connected with

6540-545: The first President of Ireland . The record of his delivering his inaugural Declaration of Office in Roscommon Irish is one of only a few recordings of that dialect. In the 2016 census, 10.5% of respondents stated that they spoke Irish, either daily or weekly, while over 70,000 people (4.2%) speak it as a habitual daily means of communication. From the foundation of the Irish Free State in 1922 (see History of

6649-563: The follies and formal gardens on the estate still exist including the stone temple which was transported from the Domvile's other residence at Templeogue in 1858 and is now in situ at Luggala in County Wicklow . A fascimile temple is now in its place. The original phoenix folly also now forms a feature within the public park and is similar to the one contained in the Phoenix Park. The house

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6758-412: The growing area of neighbouring Ballymun during its redevelopment). There are also estates such as Magenta, Lorcan, as well as more recent developments such as Aulden Grange, Woodlawn, Oak, Larkhill, Knightswood and the apartment complexes of Northwood. By 1930, Dublin had experienced being the capital of the newly independent state for roughly a decade. The citizens housing council released two reports in

6867-606: The house a more contemporary Palladian appearance around 1734-60. Henry was sentenced to death for murdering one of his servants but ultimately the sentence was commuted to forfeiting his lands and banishment to England. The house was later inherited by his uncle Sir Compton Domvile, 2nd Baronet in 1751. Sir Compton made various unsuccessful attempts to revive the Barry baronetcy. He later in turn passed it to his nephew Charles Pocklington Domvile (1740-1810) on his death in 1768. The later Sir Compton Domvile, 1st Baronet had been made

6976-477: The house by William Connolly & sons in 1862 for Sir Charles Compton William Domvile, 2nd Baronet (1822 – 10 July 1884) and his wife Lady Margaret Domville likely to a design by the architect Sandham Symes. Charles went bankrupt in June 1874 and most of the high quality interior items were sold off at an auction at the house or sold privately beyond the reach of his creditors. The couple had no children and were

7085-500: The lands of Santry were confiscated from Nugent's aristocratic but Catholic offspring, the Barnewalls. The Protestant Barry family (originally from Cork) took charge of the estate and tenants and became the Lords of Santry where they remained in title for three or four generations. King Charles II made James Barry , then only a knight, Baron Barry of Santry (for services rendered). Santry

7194-698: The language family, is derived from the Old Irish term. Endonyms of the language in the various modern Irish dialects include: Gaeilge [ˈɡeːlʲɟə] in Galway, Gaeilg / Gaeilic / Gaeilig [ˈɡeːlʲəc] in Mayo and Ulster , Gaelainn / Gaoluinn [ˈɡeːl̪ˠən̠ʲ] in West/Cork, Kerry Munster , as well as Gaedhealaing in mid and East Kerry/Cork and Waterford Munster to reflect local pronunciation. Gaeilge also has

7303-410: The language was in use by all classes, Irish being an urban as well as a rural language. This linguistic dynamism was reflected in the efforts of certain public intellectuals to counter the decline of the language. At the end of the 19th century, they launched the Gaelic revival in an attempt to encourage the learning and use of Irish, although few adult learners mastered the language. The vehicle of

7412-425: The language. For most of recorded Irish history , Irish was the dominant language of the Irish people , who took it with them to other regions , such as Scotland and the Isle of Man , where Middle Irish gave rise to Scottish Gaelic and Manx . It was also, for a period, spoken widely across Canada , with an estimated 200,000–250,000 daily Canadian speakers of Irish in 1890. On the island of Newfoundland ,

7521-446: The last of Domvile and Barry families to live on the Santry estate with Lady Margaret dying in 1929. Details and photos of the house featured in the Georgian Society Records around 1914 indicating that at that time it was still widely admired. The house remained in the ownership of the wider Domvile family until the death in 1935 of Sir Compton Meade Domvile, 4th Baronet , when the estate passed to his nephew Sir Hugo Poë , who assumed

7630-406: The last remaining cottage still stands in Santry, it is not in its original conception and the building was adapted into an office block in 1984 and today houses a pharmacy. Morton Stadium now stands on the site of what were the gardens at the rear of the house. The only contemporary reminder of the Swiss Cottages is found in the name of a local pub, ‘The Swiss Cottage’. In 2019 The Swiss Cottage pub

7739-409: The later 18th and 19th century. The servants dormer attic rooms were internal with a corridor running around the circumference preventing the inner rooms being observed by visitors as they approached the house. The house also contained an organ gallery, constructed out of the old stable, while the male servants quarters were located opposite both to the rear of the house. The gardens also contained

7848-457: The main body by covered passages. The square of the front of the house is enclosed with iron gates, and in its midst is a pillar recording the pedigree and death of an Arab steed belonging to the present owner". The entrance hall at that time also had its ceiling covered with the coats of arms of 78 of families related or connected with the Domville owners. Among the important items noted in the house by Liam S Gógan were an early genealogical tree,

7957-414: The major thoroughfare, but local circulation was controlled to lessen through traffic. The houses that were built were a mixture of short terraces with different lengths. With the Larkhill development, it was a comparable experience. Within the confines of Larkhill Road is a development that is somewhat oblong and tear-shaped. At the peak of the Larkhill project along Glendun Road, a sizeable semicircular park

8066-563: The mid-18th century, English was becoming a language of the Catholic middle class, the Catholic Church and public intellectuals, especially in the east of the country. Increasingly, as the value of English became apparent, parents sanctioned the prohibition of Irish in schools. Increasing interest in emigrating to the United States and Canada was also a driver, as fluency in English allowed

8175-771: The name of the language is Gaeilge , from the South Connacht form, spelled Gaedhilge prior the spelling reform of 1948, which was originally the genitive of Gaedhealg , the form used in Classical Gaelic . The modern spelling results from the deletion of the silent ⟨dh⟩ in Gaedhilge . Older spellings include Gaoidhealg [ˈɡeːʝəlˠəɡ] in Classical Gaelic and Goídelc [ˈɡoiðʲelɡ] in Old Irish . Goidelic , used to refer to

8284-565: The nearest stations. Irish language Irish ( Standard Irish : Gaeilge ), also known as Irish Gaelic or simply Gaelic ( / ˈ ɡ eɪ l ɪ k / GAY -lik ), is a Celtic language of the Indo-European language family . It is a member of the Goidelic language group of the Insular Celtic sub branch of the family and is indigenous to the island of Ireland . It

8393-458: The neighbourhood of Santry was at the hands of Mac Gilla Mocholmog, chief of Fingal, who then established his base in Santry. About 1170, Hugh de Lacy, Lord of Meath granted Santry to one of his most trusted lieutenants, Adam de Feypo . In 1581, the lands and title of Santry were awarded to William Nugent who then lost it after falling out of favour with the Crown because of his religion. In 1620,

8502-463: The new immigrants to get jobs in areas other than farming. An estimated one quarter to one third of US immigrants during the Great Famine were Irish speakers. Irish was not marginal to Ireland's modernisation in the 19th century, as is often assumed. In the first half of the century there were still around three million people for whom Irish was the primary language, and their numbers alone made them

8611-639: The number now is between 20,000 and 30,000." In the 1920s, when the Irish Free State was founded, Irish was still a vernacular in some western coastal areas. In the 1930s, areas where more than 25% of the population spoke Irish were classified as Gaeltacht . Today, the strongest Gaeltacht areas, numerically and socially, are those of South Connemara , the west of the Dingle Peninsula , and northwest Donegal, where many residents still use Irish as their primary language. These areas are often referred to as

8720-438: The old village is gone and where there were once fields full of crops, and wild woodlands of all sorts, there are now housing estates, an athletics stadium , a shopping complex, industrial parks, and busy roads leading to Dublin Airport which is nearby. Trinity College Library has a depository at Santry which holds three million books. Santry is also the name of a civil parish in the ancient barony of Coolock . Santry

8829-498: The other official language, if not already passed in both official languages. In November 2016, RTÉ reported that over 2.3 million people worldwide were learning Irish through the Duolingo app. Irish president Michael D. Higgins officially honoured several volunteer translators for developing the Irish edition, and said the push for Irish language rights remains an "unfinished project". There are rural areas of Ireland where Irish

8938-466: The park today) was widened to create a small pond for the boating pleasure of Georgian ladies and gentlemen who resided at, and visited, the house. In 1912 King Victor Emmanuel of Italy presented the Barrys/Domvilles with a gift of 16 foreign tree species. The house fell into disrepair, initially at the turn of the 20th century as the estate proved not to be economically viable but ultimately after

9047-539: The political party holding power in the Stormont Parliament , the Ulster Unionist Party (UUP), was hostile to the language. The context of this hostility was the use of the language by nationalists. In broadcasting, there was an exclusion on the reporting of minority cultural issues, and Irish was excluded from radio and television for almost the first fifty years of the previous devolved government. After

9156-741: The population of Santry. Santry is part of the Whitehall-Larkhill-Santry Roman Catholic parish, served by the Church of the Holy Child, opened in 1944, and by Blessed Margaret Ball church opened in 1994 (named after one of the Dublin Martyrs). The Church of Ireland community are served by St. Pappan's Church , which is part of the Santry, Glasnevin (St. Mobhi's) and Finglas (St. Canice's) Grouping of Parishes, in Santry village (the former St. Pappin's or St. Pappan's Catholic church

9265-487: The relationship between the three Goidelic languages (Irish, Scottish Gaelic and Manx). Gaelic is a collective term for the Goidelic languages, and when the context is clear it may be used without qualification to refer to each language individually. When the context is specific but unclear, the term may be qualified, as Irish Gaelic, Scottish Gaelic or Manx Gaelic. Historically the name "Erse" ( / ɜːr s / URS )

9374-432: The requirement for entrance to the public service was changed to proficiency in just one official language. Nevertheless, Irish remains a required subject of study in all schools in the Republic of Ireland that receive public money (see Education in the Republic of Ireland ). Teachers in primary schools must also pass a compulsory examination called Scrúdú Cáilíochta sa Ghaeilge . As of 2005, Garda Síochána recruits need

9483-625: The revival was the Gaelic League ( Conradh na Gaeilge ), and particular emphasis was placed on the folk tradition, which in Irish is particularly rich. Efforts were also made to develop journalism and a modern literature. Although it has been noted that the Catholic Church played a role in the decline of the Irish language before the Gaelic Revival, the Protestant Church of Ireland also made only minor efforts to encourage use of Irish in

9592-458: The surname Domvile. In 1937, the house and grounds came under the stewardship of the state who later acquired it outright and intended to refurbish and extend the house for use as an asylum. These plans were later abandoned during World War II and the house was used as an army depot owing to its proximity to Dublin airport. The house was extensively damaged by a fire in 1947. The remaining farm buildings had their lead flashing removed in 1956 and

9701-658: The vacancy to which they are appointed. This requirement is laid down by the University College Galway Act, 1929 (Section 3). In 2016, the university faced controversy when it announced the planned appointment of a president who did not speak Irish. Misneach staged protests against this decision. The following year the university announced that Ciarán Ó hÓgartaigh , a fluent Irish speaker, would be its 13th president. He assumed office in January 2018; in June 2024, he announced he would be stepping down as president at

9810-414: The wings contained pilasters and blind niches. The wings were each respectively 2 storey and 5 bay structures with a matching 3 bay protruding breakfront. The ends of all rooves within the structure contain stone urns. The interior of the main house contained many notable early 18th century features including finely carved barley twist ballusters and corner fireplaces while other features were added during

9919-594: The work of such writers as Geoffrey Keating , is said to date from the 17th century, and was the medium of popular literature from that time on. From the 18th century on, the language lost ground in the east of the country. The reasons behind this shift were complex but came down to a number of factors: The change was characterised by diglossia (two languages being used by the same community in different social and economic situations) and transitional bilingualism (monoglot Irish-speaking grandparents with bilingual children and monoglot English-speaking grandchildren). By

10028-460: Was 1,873,997, representing 40% of respondents, but of these, 472,887 said they never spoke it and a further 551,993 said they only spoke it within the education system. Linguistic analyses of Irish speakers are therefore based primarily on the number of daily users in Ireland outside the education system, which in 2022 was 20,261 in the Gaeltacht and 51,707 outside it, totalling 71,968. In response to

10137-525: Was a member of the Hell Fire Club, and was convicted of the murder of a porter at an inn in Palmerstown in 1739. He received the death penalty but was reprieved and lost his title. After the death of Lord Barry of Santry in 1751, the estate was inherited by his uncle Sir Compton Domvile, 2nd Baronet . It remained with the Domvile family until the death in 1935 of Sir Compton Meade Domvile, 4th Baronet , when

10246-523: Was also sometimes used in Scots and then in English to refer to Irish; as well as Scottish Gaelic. Written Irish is first attested in Ogham inscriptions from the 4th century AD, a stage of the language known as Primitive Irish . These writings have been found throughout Ireland and the west coast of Great Britain. Primitive Irish underwent a change into Old Irish through the 5th century. Old Irish, dating from

10355-435: Was an enthusiastic target. The corporation came to the conclusion that 17,000 families needed to be relocated. The foundation of the five-year plan was the assumption that, 12,000 dwellings was the maximum that could be accomplished with the resources available, and in the city manager's judgment, it was impractical to commit to committing to 5,000 dwellings each year as indicated by the citizens housing council. There were only

10464-582: Was being developed, the St. Pappan's Parish Hall was used by the Catholic community for weekly mass. At one point, St. Pappan's Catholic Church in Ballymun, shared seats with St. Pappan's Church of Ireland, and they moved the seats between the churches between services. A more recent development is the Dublin Christian Life Church, in Schoolhouse Lane, a Chinese Christian community. Another new church

10573-521: Was created. It was also intended to add to the construction that had already been done along Larkhill and Ellenfield. Besides several local shops, Santry contains a substantial retail facility, the ' Omni Park Shopping Centre', which also features a cinema, IMC Santry (previously called the Omniplex Cinema), and several restaurants. There is also a retail park in Northwood, Gulliver's In addition, Santry

10682-458: Was demolished, and work commenced on a new apartment complex on the site. Originally built as a mill circa 1700, on the Santry River, to the northwest of Santry Demesne, on the old Ballymun Road, the Charter School was established in 1744 by The Incorporated Society for Promoting English Protestant Schools in Ireland, supported by Dublin Corporation and on land sourced from Luke Gardiner , with

10791-643: Was enacted 1 July 2019 and is an 18-page document that adheres to the guidelines of the Official Languages Act 2003 . The purpose of the Scheme is to provide services through the mediums of Irish and/or English. According to the Department of the Taoiseach, it is meant to "develop a sustainable economy and a successful society, to pursue Ireland's interests abroad, to implement the Government's Programme and to build

10900-547: Was establishing itself as the primary language. Irish speakers had first arrived in Australia in the late 18th century as convicts and soldiers, and many Irish-speaking settlers followed, particularly in the 1860s. New Zealand also received some of this influx. Argentina was the only non-English-speaking country to receive large numbers of Irish emigrants, and there were few Irish speakers among them. Santry Court The Santry estate appears to have been acquired by Richard Barry,

11009-419: Was just off Santry Avenue in Ballymun, built in 1846 during the famine times. Workers were paid in food and the land was provided by the Domville family of Santry Woods ; it is now a nursing home. This had replaced an earlier St. Pappan's Catholic church on Santry Avenue built in 1797). There is an old graveyard beside St. Pappan's and a parish hall. While Blessed Margaret's (a chapel of ease for Whitehall church)

11118-408: Was once a palatial old house and gardens, built in the 18th century. This was once the largest house in north County Dublin and people travelled from far and wide to be received by the owners, the Barry family. A number of hints of the house still exist in the park, including the house foundations, front steps, tree avenue and walled garden. A small bend in the Santry River (which forms the boundary of

11227-416: Was originally constructed in red brick with stone facings and was 9-bays wide with a pedimented breakfront containing 3 bays. It was 2 storeys over a raised basement with a 3rd storey contained in a dormered attic behind the parapet and stone balustrade which was likely added at a later date The dormered windows contain alternating segmental and triangular pediments. The windows and doors were tall and narrow in

11336-465: Was passed 14 July 2003 with the main purpose of improving the number and quality of public services delivered in Irish by the government and other public bodies. Compliance with the Act is monitored by the An Coimisinéir Teanga (Irish Language Commissioner) which was established in 2004 and any complaints or concerns pertaining to the Act are brought to them. There are 35 sections included in

11445-438: Was planned. These ideas were important and were believed to have a significant impact on the city but there was no overarching plan in place. There was no clear vision for the city and no idea of the ideal type of urban setting. There were no agents of development other than the corporation, and no system was proposed to mediate the complicated connection between public and private actors. By 1943, Dublin corporation had only created

11554-678: Was spoken throughout Ireland, Isle of Man and parts of Scotland . It is the language of a large corpus of literature, including the Ulster Cycle . From the 12th century, Middle Irish began to evolve into modern Irish in Ireland, into Scottish Gaelic in Scotland, and into the Manx language in the Isle of Man . Early Modern Irish , dating from the 13th century, was the basis of the literary language of both Ireland and Gaelic-speaking Scotland. Modern Irish, sometimes called Late Modern Irish, as attested in

11663-547: Was the majority of the population's first language until the 19th century, when English gradually became dominant, particularly in the last decades of the century, in what is sometimes characterised as a result of linguistic imperialism . Today, Irish is still commonly spoken as a first language in Ireland's Gaeltacht regions, in which 2% of Ireland's population lived in 2022. The total number of people (aged 3 and over) in Ireland who declared they could speak Irish in April 2022

11772-489: Was the scene of violence in the early months of the Irish Rebellion of 1641 , when a punitive expedition of Parliamentarians led by Sir Charles Coote mistakenly massacred a group of local farm labourers, who were sleeping in the fields there. Coote had assumed they were rebels preparing to attack Dublin. In the Irish Rebellion of 1798 , United Irishmen from all over Fingal marched south towards Dublin city but were met by

11881-442: Was unable to accomplish some everyday tasks, as portrayed in his documentary No Béarla . There is, however, a growing body of Irish speakers in urban areas, particularly in Dublin. Many have been educated in schools in which Irish is the language of instruction. Such schools are known as Gaelscoileanna at primary level. These Irish-medium schools report some better outcomes for students than English-medium schools. In 2009,

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