84-1324: Sanlam is a South African financial services group headquartered in Bellville, Western Cape , South Africa . Sanlam is one of the largest insurance company in Africa . It is listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange, the Namibian Stock Exchange and the A2X . Established in 1918 as a life insurance company, Sanlam Group has developed into a diversified financial services business. Its five business clusters comprise Sanlam Personal Finance, Sanlam Emerging Markets, Sanlam Investments, Sanlam Corporate and Santam . The group's areas of expertise include insurance (life and general), financial planning, retirement annuities, trusts, wills, short-term insurance, asset management, risk management and capital market activities, investment and wealth. The group operates in South Africa, Namibia , Botswana , Eswatini , Zimbabwe , Mauritius , Malawi , Zambia , Tanzania , Rwanda , Uganda , Kenya , Ghana , Nigeria , Morocco , Mozambique , India , Malaysia and
168-455: A sustainable procurement approach, whereby government procurement is used to advance social policy objectives. So-called "BEE deals" – transactions aiming to increase black ownership of large businesses – have been conducted on a large scale, with BEE transactions concluded between 1994 and 2005 valued at between R150 billion and R285 billion. The government has subscribed to an explicit policy of black economic empowerment since 1994, but BEE
252-465: A 10% shareholding in Sanlam in what was to become one of the most far-reaching black empowerment transactions in South Africa to date. In December 2013, the initial 10-year contractual period of the transaction with Ubuntu-Botho ended, with a final total of 66.5 million deferred shares qualifying for conversion to ordinary shares. The deal created value of about R15 billion, making it arguably one of
336-492: A 26% interest in the enlarged Capital Legacy Group that includes the Sanlam Trust business following completion of the transaction. The merged entity will be managed by Capital Legacy. Sanlam has since 1993 contributed to broad-based black economic empowerment (B-BBEE) through the group’s partnership with Ubuntu-Botho Investments. The Ubuntu-Botho B-BBEE partnership resulted in a broad-based black empowerment consortium buying
420-528: A broad definition of BEE: It is an integrated and coherent socio-economic process. It is located within the context of the country’s national transformation programme, namely the RDP. It is aimed at redressing the imbalances of the past by seeking to substantially and equitably transfer and confer the ownership, management and control of South Africa’s financial and economic resources to the majority of its citizens. It seeks to ensure broader and meaningful participation in
504-466: A broader and deeper scope than mere black ownership of business. BEE was seen as proceeding along three main lines: in addition to "direct empowerment" (now including managerial as well as ownership control), BEE would also explicitly encompass human resource development ( employment equity and skills development) and "indirect empowerment" (procurement policies, enterprise development, and socioeconomic development ). Codes of Good Practice to complement
588-409: A coat of arms on 18 June 1947. It later altered the arms, three times, before settling on the final version in 1979. The shield was divided into twelve horizontal bars of red and gold, representing the original village name of "Twaalfmyl". A black vertical band ("pale") down the centre displayed two silver hawk's bells, between which was a small blue shield displaying a golden sheaf of wheat. The crest
672-508: A condition of those contracts. Finally, in some sectors, the award by government of operating licenses and concessions (such as concessions to export) is conditional on the licensed entity meeting certain BBBEE criteria – for example, in terms of the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act , entities are eligible for mining licenses only if they are 26% black-owned. The generic BBBEE scorecard
756-411: A constituency any more. In 1953 it regained constituency status and JFW Haak won. Haak retained this until 1970, when Louis Pienaar took over from him. In 1975 AT van der Merwe took over from him. Bellville was a municipality from 1940 to 1996, and was given the status of a city on 7 September 1979. In April 1982 P. W. Botha received honorary citizenship of the city. The municipal council assumed
840-531: A different, more lenient scorecard. Moreover, Exempted Micro-Enterprises (including businesses with total annual revenue below R10 million and all start-ups in their first year) are automatically given Level 4 BBBEE status. And, at the same time, primarily black-owned entities falling into either of these two categories automatically qualify for Level 1 (100% black-owned) or Level 2 (>51% black-owned) status. The BBBEE Act defines black persons as " Africans , Coloureds and Indians ," who, as of an amendment to
924-404: A form of tokenism whereby entities improve their BEE status by appointing black directors, managers, employees, or suppliers, who are, in practice, discouraged or inhibited from substantially participating in or benefitting from the enterprise. Several large companies have been investigated for BEE fronting, including Netcare and MTN . The BBBEE Commission has increasingly raised concern about
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#17328920237301008-545: A form of unjust or unconstitutional racial discrimination or " reverse racism " against whites. Some critics argue that BEE deters investment in South Africa. Although BEE is not technically compulsory (unless the business wishes to seek certain contracts or benefits, or to be listed on the JSE ), critics argue that BEE compliance increases the cost of doing business in South Africa, among other reasons because businesses may hire consultants and lawyers to help them navigate
1092-462: A major cause of political corruption in South Africa , with government contracts improperly awarded, at inflated prices, to politically connected " tenderpreneurs ," sometimes to the detriment of quality and service delivery. These concerns have received increased attention following revelations of state capture during the presidency of Jacob Zuma . There were, for example, allegations that BEE-related corruption had taken place at Bosasa and in
1176-514: A master trust that caters to 80% of the intended beneficiaries, with Ubuntu-Botho benefitting from the other 20%. The corporate office of the Sanlam Group is responsible for centralised functions that include strategic direction, group financial and risk management, group marketing and communications, group human resources and information technology, group sustainability management, corporate social investment and general group services. In addition,
1260-528: A presence in the Middle East. The US$ 375 million deal will significantly expand the group's African footprint. Former CEO, Dr Johan van Zyl, joined the Sanlam Limited and Sanlam Life Insurance Limited Boards as a non-executive director and representative of Ubuntu-Botho Investment Holdings, Sanlam's black economic empowerment partner as of 18 January 2016. A new business cluster known as Sanlam Corporate
1344-496: A separate company, Sanlam Ltd, was installed as the parent company of the Sanlam group of businesses. The group was also restructured into several independent businesses within a federal business structure. The group has consistently grown its local as well as an international footprint – it now has a presence in 33 African countries also India, Malaysia, the UK and Ireland , the USA, Australia and
1428-581: Is RoGEV. Ian Kirk was appointed as group chief executive and executive director of Sanlam Limited and Sanlam Life Insurance Limited from 1 July 2015. This follows the retirement of former Group Chief Executive Dr Johan van Zyl from this position, as well as from the boards of Sanlam Limited and Sanlam Life Insurance Ltd. In November 2015 Sanlam announced that the group had agreed to buy a 30 percent stake in Morocco-based Saham Finances, which operates in 26 countries predominantly across Africa with
1512-504: Is a suburb of Cape Town , South Africa , and is part of the city's Northern Suburbs region. Having formerly been an independent city , it was later incorporated into the City of Cape Town Metropolitan Municipality , which is located in the Western Cape province of South Africa . The suburb is an industrial and commercial node, a university town , and a major transportation hub within
1596-494: Is also served by a network of metropolitan routes linking it to surrounding suburbs including the M10 to Cape Town International Airport in the south, M16 to Durbanville in the north and Tygerberg Hospital in the south, M23 to Stellenbosch in the south-east, M25 to Brackenfell in the east, M31 to Durbanville, M73 to Brackenfell, M124 to Durbanville and the M171 to Delft in
1680-572: Is as follows: The most recent versions of the codes identify ownership, skills development, and supplier development as priority elements. There are sector-specific codes defining targets specifically applicable to the agriculture, finance, defence, ICT, transport, property, forestry, construction, tourism, and media, advertising and communication sectors. The legislation's requirements for small businesses are less onerous. For example, Qualifying Small Enterprises (businesses with total annual revenue between R10 million and R50 million) are scored on
1764-507: Is black empowerment when it seems to benefit not the vast majority but an elite that tends to be recycled?" He also warned that, combined with widespread "dehumanising poverty," the system could build popular resentment against the ruling classes and between different sections of society. Pieter Groenewald , leader of opposition party the Freedom Front Plus , has called BEE an acronym for "black elite enrichment"; and John Steenhuisen ,
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#17328920237301848-535: Is responsible for Sanlam’s financial business services (life insurance, general insurance, banking, retail credit, health, bancassurance, asset management and specialist general insurance products) in emerging markets outside South Africa: Credit and banking: Investment management: General insurance: Jointly responsible in partnership with Santam for managing general insurance business through: Sanlam has an effective 60% interest in Santam, which in turn operates through
1932-458: Is situated in the northern suburbs of Cape Town , forming the central part of the suburban region, between the low-lying Cape Flats to the south and the rolling hills of Tygerberg to the north. It lies at an average altitude of about 80 m (262 ft) above sea level, with the altitude gradually rising towards the north where the suburb of Welgemoed on the slopes of the Tygerberg Hill lies at
2016-722: Is that the policy has been co-opted by members of South Africa's political elite, mostly within the governing ANC, for the purpose of self-enrichment. From an early stage of BEE, analysts, extrapolating from the concept of a "patriotic black bourgeoisie," noted the likely contribution of BEE to the growth of a black capitalist class with close links to the ANC. Perhaps most prominently, several politically connected ANC stalwarts – notably Saki Macozoma , Tokyo Sexwale , Cyril Ramaphosa , and Patrice Motsepe – gained substantial wealth and influence in key sectors such as mining and finance through BEE deals. More broadly, BEE has been thought to increase
2100-608: The African National Congress (ANC) came to power in 1994 , the new government's priorities included redressing apartheid 's legacy of economic exclusion. Under apartheid, legislation and practice had restricted the access of non-Whites to job opportunities, capital , business and property ownership, and other forms of economic advancement, leaving vast racial inequalities in wealth and income. The new Constitution , finalised in 1996, emphasised protections against unfair discrimination and against disadvantage arising from
2184-779: The Telkom communications tower dominating the skyline. The suburbs north of the N1 highway include the most wealthy and developed parts of the town, spreading north to the border with Durbanville and up the Tygerberg Hill which overlooks the Cape Town metropolitan area. The suburbs south of the CBD tend to be either solely industrial or solely residential and are included in one of Bellville’s lowest income brackets. The suburbs east and west of Bellville tend to be mostly quiet and established residential areas, with
2268-731: The UK , and has business interests in the US , Australia , Burundi , Lesotho and the Philippines . It has a stake in micro-insurance specialists, UK-based Micro-Ensure Holdings Limited, which has a footprint across Africa and India servicing more than 10 million enrolled clients. Its 2018 acquisition of SAHAM Finances has made it Africa’s biggest non-banking financial services player and has given it exposure to Morocco , Angola , Algeria , Tunisia , Niger , Mali , Senegal , Guinea , Burkina Faso , Cote D’Ivoire , Togo , Benin , Cameroon , Gabon , Republic of
2352-701: The University of Stellenbosch Medical School , but now the adjacent Tygerberg Hospital houses the medical school. Other hospitals in Bellville are: Mediclinic International Louis Leipoldt and Melomed. The Cape Peninsula University of Technology , University of the Western Cape , University of Stellenbosch Business School and Northlink College are also situated in Bellville. D.F. Malan High School , Bellville High School , Westcliff School of Skills, The Settlers High School and Stellenberg High School are located in
2436-480: The ANC in 1997 agreed that: Though such instances may be an exception to the norm, experience in other countries has taught us that, without vigilance, elements of these new capitalist classes can become witting or unwitting tools of monopoly interests, or parasites who thrive on corruption in public office. However, in the overall, the rising black bourgeoisie and middle strata are objectively important motive forces of transformation whose interests coincide with at least
2520-491: The BBBEE Act were gazetted in two phases in 2005, setting out standardised criteria for measuring compliance with BBBEE indicators on a "scorecard"; the codes have been amended occasionally since then. At the centre of the implementation of the BBBEE Act is the "scorecard" according to which the compliance of individual businesses is measured. The Codes of Good Practice set out specific criteria (known as "targets") under each of
2604-511: The Bible Society of South, with most of these companies headquartered in the Tyger Valley commercial node. Many provincial and local government departments maintain regional branches or other offices in Bellville such as Eskom , Department of Water and Sanitation (Western Cape), Water and Sanitation Department (City of Cape Town) and Electricity Services (City of Cape Town). Bellville
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2688-523: The Congo , Madagascar , Lebanon and Saudi Arabia . The S uid- A frikaanse N asionale T rust en A ssuransie M aatskappy Beperk (South African National Trust and Assurance Company Limited), Santam , was registered on 28 March 1918. It was then decided to convert the life assurance department into a separate company, and the S uid- A frikaanse N asionale L ewens A ssuransie M aatskappy Beperk (South African National Life Assurance Company Limited), Sanlam,
2772-526: The Mining Charter in 2002, both given regulatory status under the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act . The Mining Charter, in particular, embraced principles later codified under BBBEE, identifying seven "pillars" of BEE (only one of which was ownership) and setting out a BEE "scorecard" for businesses. At the 51st National Conference of the ANC in December 2002, President Thabo Mbeki committed
2856-622: The N1, heading south towards Mitchells Plain . The R101 starts at the intersection with the M30 and runs north-east towards Brackenfell as Old Paarl Road. The R102 runs through the centre of Bellville from Parow in the west to Kuilsrivier in the south-east as Voortrekker Road (in Bellville Central) and Strand Road. The R302 is a major artery between Bellville and Durbanville , running north from Bellville Central as Durban Road, Willie van Schoor Avenue and Durbanville Avenue. Bellville
2940-538: The Northern Line, serving Bellville, Kuilsrivier , Eersterivier , Stellenbosch (via Stellenbosch branch line), Somerset West and Strand . Bellville is also a major hub for Transnet Freight Rail containing a major container terminal, Belcon, directly south of the CBD, officially opened by Transnet in 2010. The container terminal, which serves as a dry port is connected to the Port of Cape Town via rail, as well as
3024-549: The Philippines. In 2018, Sanlam concluded its $ 1.1 billion acquisition of SAHAM Finances. Additionally, the group announced details of its R11 billion BEE deal, which will see it increasing its direct black shareholding to 18% and black economic ownership to 35%. In December 2021, The Sanlam Group entered into discussions with Allianz for the acquisition of the entire group in Africa except South Africa. Discussions are conducted between
3108-647: The Sanlam group operations are managed through five operating clusters: The largest business in the Sanlam Group of companies, with 11,406 employees and assets worth R 472,328 million under management. Strategic business development consists of the following diversified financial services: Sanlam Trust (estate and trust services), Multi-Data (electronic money-transfer activities), Sanlam Healthcare Management (medical scheme administration services), Sanlam Personal Loans (70%) (personal loans joint venture), Reality (loyalty programme) and Anglo African Finance (55%) (trade and bridging finance). The Sanlam Emerging Markets cluster
3192-585: The absence of organised sources of capital, many of the black participants relied on highly-geared financing structures and special-purpose vehicles . Several BEE deals thus collapsed during the Asian financial crisis of the late-1990s. According to estimates, Black control of business had risen to about 10% of shares on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange by 1998, but, following the financial crisis, fell dramatically to between 1% and 3.8% by 2000. Meanwhile,
3276-469: The act in 2013, are South African citizens by birth or descent or were naturalised as South African citizens prior to 27 April 1994 (or would have been eligible for naturalisation prior to that date). This definition excluded ethnically Chinese citizens from becoming beneficiaries of the legislation. The government argued that, although Chinese people had been subject to discrimination under apartheid, that discrimination had been applied inconsistently and
3360-458: The act, promulgated in 2001, outlined a point system by which preference is allocated in the evaluation of public tenders – in addition to the competitiveness of a bid's price, "points" were given for the bidder's contribution to black economic empowerment. Shortly after the passage of the act, the first industry-specific BEE charters were published – the Petroleum and Liquid Fuels Charter in 2000 and
3444-471: The apartheid era with little capital and limited access to the same – may, by increasing the indebtedness of BEE beneficiaries, "encourage a willingness to cut legal corners and lapse into criminality." Detractors argue, therefore, not only that BEE beneficiaries are a small elite, but also that they tend to be a politically connected elite, comprising especially the friends and family of government and ANC officials. Critics also argue that BEE has thus become
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3528-567: The area. Primary Schools are: Bellpark, Bellville, Bellville-North, Boston, Eversdal, Excelsior, Kenridge, Mimosa, Totius, Belville Islamic Primary School, Vredelust and Welgemoed. The Bellville Velodrome is located in the Tyger Valley area of Bellville. The Bellville Velodrome has an indoor cycling track and is next to the Bellville athletics track that used to host the annual MTBS athletics competition. Bellville Mall, Tygervalley Shopping centre and Willow Bridge are shopping centres in Bellville. The last two shopping centres were built on
3612-484: The central concerns leading to the reform of BEE as a "broad-based" programme in the early 2000s – remains one of the major criticisms levied against the policy. At the advent of the policy, and especially during the Mbeki presidency, the ANC was explicitly committed to promoting the development of a "patriotic black bourgeoisie " whose rise could initiate broader transformation in the economy. The 50th National Conference of
3696-577: The complexity of the codes and other regulations. In 2018, for example, as a condition for increasing investment in South Africa, the European Union requested a relaxation of BEE ownership rules, calling the targets unfairly onerous. Like the rest of South Africa's affirmative action policies, BEE – and the fact that all white citizens "feel marginalised" by it – has been linked to a brain drain of qualified workers from South Africa. However, one study notes that corporate brain drain from South Africa
3780-497: The controversial Vrede Dairy Project . At the Zondo Commission , former Bosasa executive Angelo Agrizzi implicated BEE verification agency Empowerdex in corruption, and it was later confirmed that Gupta -owned companies, implicated in substantial corruption, had secured Eskom contracts using fraudulent BEE certificates. Minister of Finance Enoch Godongwana said in 2022 that increased corruption in government procurement
3864-474: The earlier ANC RDP policy framework, on which the government policy was based. The ANC document viewed BEE initiatives as a means to "deracialise business ownership and control." As suggested by this phrase, early stages of BEE focused on promoting black ownership of large businesses. So-called BEE transactions aimed to diversify the demographics of company shareholders. However, White-owned companies entered into these transactions only voluntarily. Moreover, in
3948-463: The economy by black people to achieve sustainable development and prosperity. The Commission also proposed the passage of focused BEE legislation and the adoption of an integrated national strategy on BEE, comprising a set of simplified and coordinated guidelines and regulations applicable across the economy, to be implemented by an oversight body reporting to the cabinet. On some views, the Commission
4032-551: The economy by black people. A form of affirmative action , it is intended especially to redress the inequalities created by apartheid . The policy provides incentives – especially preferential treatment in government procurement processes – to businesses which contribute to black economic empowerment according to several measurable criteria, including through partial or majority black ownership, hiring black employees, and contracting with black-owned suppliers. The preferential procurement aspect of BEE has been viewed as paradigmatic of
4116-512: The economy. The notion of a BEE elite adds to this the further accusation that BEE ownership transactions themselves disproportionately involve one small group of black businessmen, with insufficient opportunities afforded to the black population at large. Anthea Jeffrey of the Institute of Race Relations has claimed that the group of beneficiaries amounts to about 15% of the black population. The shift to broad-based BEE has led to an increase in
4200-578: The exception of Stikland, an industrial area situated in the far east of Bellville. The 2011 census listed the following areas as suburbs under the main place of Bellville: Bellville is a subhub for the Metrorail Western Cape with the Northern Line (Cape Town-Wellington) trains serving Bellville , Parow , Goodwood , Cape Town , Brackenfell , Kraaifontein , Paarl and Wellington . The smaller Bellville-Strand Line branches off from
4284-449: The extent of the practice. In 2021, Commissioner Zodwa Ntuli said that fronting was so widespread that improved measured performance against BEE objectives might not correlate with actual improvement in the economic situation of black people. She also called for a more stringent government response to those found guilty of fronting, which is punishable by fines, blacklisting, and up to ten years' imprisonment. A notable criticism of BBBEE
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#17328920237304368-447: The following businesses: Sanlam reported a 22% growth in new business volumes to R100 billion in the six months to June 2015, compared to the same period in 2014. The net result from financial services climbed by 5% in the first half of 2014, and by 11% when certain one-time factors are excluded. The annualized RoGEV per share of 13% exceeded the aim of 12.1%. The group's principal performance target for measuring shareholder value creation
4452-578: The government to drawing up a "Transformation Charter" involving a consolidated and clarified strategy on BEE. The BBBEE Act passed in 2003, under the custodianship of the Department of Trade and Industry , and commenced in 2004. The Act's stated objectives were to facilitate broad-based black economic empowerment by: During this period, under President Mbeki, the government's approach to BEE became "increasingly focused and assertive," and it became unambiguously committed to maximalist or broad-based BEE, with
4536-581: The greater Cape Town metropolitan area. The residential suburb of Bellville lies approximately 23 kilometres (14.3 mi) north-east of Cape Town and 38 kilometres (23.6 mi) south-west of Paarl set amongst the Tygerberg Hills with views over the Cape Fold Mountains . Vehicle registrations in Bellville start with CY which also covers the Tygerberg areas of Durbanville , Parow and Goodwood . It
4620-531: The grounds that used to be a quarry and a jail . Other sports an entertainment includes Bellville library, Bellville swimming pool , Cool Runnings, and PP Smit Sport fields Bellville is one of the main business nodes in the Greater Cape Town metropolitan area, home to the headquarters of major corporations such as insurance giant, Sanlam and its subsidiary Santam , Metropolitan , Pioneer Foods , Cipla South Africa , Medi-Rite , Footgear, Afrimat and
4704-439: The group's headquarters in Bellville and Munich . In February 2023, South African wills and estates administrator Capital Legacy and Sanlam announced that they would joining forces by creating a wills, estates and trusts business together. The transaction, which is subject to regulatory approval, will see Sanlam Life Insurance Limited (Sanlam Life) sell its trust business, Sanlam Trust, to Capital Legacy and Sanlam Life acquiring
4788-567: The hawk's bells with church bells. In this form, the arms were registered at the Bureau of Heraldry in February 1980. The registered blazon was : Barry of twelve Gules and Or, on a pale Sable three church bells Argent. Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment Black Economic Empowerment ( BEE ) is a policy of the South African government which aims to facilitate broader participation in
4872-414: The highest altitude of 310 m (1017 ft). The town borders Durbanville to the north, Parow to the west, Brackenfell to the east, Kuilsrivier to the southeast and Belhar to the south. The central business district of Bellville, also known as Bellville Central, situated along Voortrekker Road, is the traditional commercial hub of the town and contains several high-rise buildings and structures, with
4956-568: The immediate interests of the majority. They are, in this sense and in this phase, part of the motive forces of fundamental change. However, critics contend that, over two decades later, the beneficiaries of BEE, and of most BEE transactions, still comprise only a very small elite of South African society, with the vast majority of black South Africans receiving few benefits from the policy, and indeed with little progress in reducing overall poverty and inequality levels in South Africa in general. Archbishop Desmond Tutu expressed this view, asking, "What
5040-437: The importance or perceived importance of political connections to gaining state contracts and other business incentives, with the extent of inter-linkages between the state and business providing "the conditions for the possible emergence of a corrupt and nepotistic governance system." Moreover, some have suggested that the highly leveraged arrangements used to finance many BEE endeavours – necessary because most black people left
5124-439: The leader of the opposition Democratic Alliance , has argued that BEE encourages the development of oligarchy at the expense of economic equality. A common accusation is that, despite the shift to BBBEE, BEE remains primarily geared towards ownership transactions, increasing black shareholding and directorships – and the wealth of their holders – without necessarily increasing the substantive control of black South Africans over
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#17328920237305208-589: The main golf course in the town, lying on the slopes of the northern suburb of Welgemoed and the Golf Village Tygervalley, a driving range in Tyger Valley. The town was a constituency in the Cape Peninsula, Cape Town, Cape Province in the South African House of Assembly starting in 1933. The first elected member was FHP Creswell (b. 13 November 1866, d. 28 August 1948). In 1939 it was not
5292-466: The most successful transactions of its kind in South African history. In 2014, an agreement was reached to extend the partnership with Ubuntu-Botho into the future. In 2018, Sanlam announced details of BEE transactions, which will increase its direct black shareholding to 18% and black economic ownership to 35%. The Group will sell 5% of its issued shares to new and existing B-BBEE shareholders, creating
5376-668: The northern outskirts of Bellville, Door de Kraal Dam in the north of Bellville and Rosendal Dam in the north of Bellville. In addition, the Tygerberg Nature Reserve is set above Bellville on the Tygerberg Hills to the north-west and offers scenic views across the Greater Cape Town metropolitan area. Golf is also one of the main recreational activities performed in Bellville with the Bellville Golf Club being
5460-430: The number of BEE deals involving large black-owned consortia , which some commentators have suggested may have increased the scope of beneficiaries under those deals. However, with little detailed public information available about the composition of the relevant consortia, this claim has been difficult to verify. On other, non-ownership metrics, there has been positive transformation since 1994, but critics argue that
5544-556: The pace of change has been inadequate. The Institute of Race Relations found that the number of black South Africans employed as managers had increased by 176.3% between 2001 and 2017 (compared to 32.1% population growth in that group over the same period). Yet in 2021, the Commission for Employment Equity found that white people remained dramatically over-represented in the top levels of the private sector: they filled 67.8% of top management positions, 58% of senior management positions, and 43.2% of all professionally qualified positions. As of
5628-511: The promotion of black empowerment in areas other than ownership was pursued piecemeal, especially through a series of laws including the 1998 Skills Development Act and 1998 Employment Equity Act. Amid dissatisfaction with the progress of existing initiatives, in May 1998 the Black Business Council appointed future President Cyril Ramaphosa to chair a BEE Commission. The Commission proposed
5712-697: The purposes of the BBBEE Act, as well as the Employment Equity Act. Some criticisms of BEE – particularly those about its economic effects – are difficult to disentangle from broader criticisms of South Africa's broader employment equity or affirmative action programme. This is because BEE is closely tied with that broader programme, implying affirmative action both explicitly and insofar as it provides private-sector entities with strong incentives to pursue affirmative action internally. General criticisms of affirmative action are therefore also relevant. The "narrow base of empowerment" effected by BEE – one of
5796-462: The rest of South Africa by road and rail and acts as a break-of-bulk point for container trucks transporting goods to and from the Port of Cape Town. The N1 is the major freeway that runs through Bellville, roughly running SW to NE from Cape Town to Paarl , separating Bellville Central from its northern suburbs. The R300 (Kuils River Freeway) in the east of Bellville starts at an interchange with
5880-422: The same time, in business between private entities, it is often attractive for entities to contract with entities which themselves have high BBBEE ratings, because this may boost their own BBBEE score (in the preferential procurement category of the scorecard). Entities which have won state contracts (or mining licenses) are also often required to meet certain BBBEE obligations in selecting their private suppliers, as
5964-460: The same. This was complemented by a 1997 Green Paper on Public Procurement Reform, which called for affirmative action measures in government procurement processes. The central socioeconomic policy framework of Nelson Mandela 's government was the Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP), which did not specifically refer to "black economic empowerment". However, the term was used in
6048-419: The second quarter of 2021, the unemployment rate for white South Africans, at 8.6%, remained significantly lower than that for blacks (38.2%), coloureds (28.5%), and Indians and Asians (19.5%). The government defines "BEE fronting" as occurring whenever entities deliberately misrepresent facts about their BEE compliance. However, the phrase is most commonly used in reference to so-called "window-dressing,"
6132-416: The seven elements or pillars of BBBEE, which correspond to the seven categories on the scorecard. Each entity is measured against the scorecard to determine its BBBEE score (out of 105), which in turn is used to determine its BBBEE level. The level is published in a BBBEE certificate issued to the entity and valid for one year. BBBEE certificates are essential to securing certain incentives or contracts with
6216-569: The south. The town is also served internally by metropolitan routes including the M11 (provides a bypass to the south of Bellville Central), M30 , M121 and M189 . Bellville contains several public parks and recreational dams within its neighbourhoods most notably Jack Muller Danie Uys Park in Boston , north of the town centre where the Parkrun Bellville takes place every Saturday, Majik Forest on
6300-522: The state or with other private entities. Bids by private entities for government procurement contracts are typically evaluated in terms of a 90/10 or 80/20 point system: the competitiveness of the price of the bid is evaluated 90 or 80 points, while the remaining 10 or 20 points are awarded for the bidder's BBBEE rating. A BBBEE rating can therefore determine the outcome of closely contested bids. Some state entities also set out minimum BBBEE criteria which entities must meet in order to qualify to submit bids. At
6384-514: Was a black eagle, and the motto Prendre sa belle . Some time later, the blue shield was removed, and the wheatsheaf was placed directly on the black pale. In 1957, the wheatsheaf was replaced with a third hawk's bell. This version of the arms, re-drawn by Ivan Mitford-Barberton , was registered with the Cape Provincial Administration in February 1959. The final version of the arms, as amended by Cornelis Pama in 1979, replaced
6468-481: Was created early in 2016. The unit will be headed by the former CEO of Munich Re sub-Saharan Africa, Junior John Ngulube and will offer corporate clients life insurance, general insurance, investments, health insurance, retirement, financial planning and advice. In February 2023, Capital Legacy and Sanlam announced that they would be joining forces by creating an even more compelling wills, estates and trusts business together. Bellville, Western Cape Bellville
6552-465: Was founded as "12 Mile Post" ( Afrikaans : "12-Myl-Pos") because it is located 12 miles (20 km) from Cape Town city centre. It was first known as "Hardekraaltjie". Founded as a railway station on the line from Cape Town to Stellenbosch and Strand , it was renamed Bellville in 1861 after the surveyor-general Charles Bell . The Karl Bremer Hospital functioned as the Academic Hospital for
6636-412: Was influential in bolstering support for the broader approach ultimately taken by the government to BEE. This is what sociologist Roger Southall called the "maximalist" (now the "broad-based") approach to BEE, envisaging a more dramatic transformation of the South African economy, with redistributive objectives going beyond black ownership. According to Southall, a major force behind this shift in strategy
6720-659: Was less clearcut than that experienced by other non-white groups. For example, although Chinese people were treated as coloured under some legislation, from 1984 they were exempt from the discriminatory provisions of the Group Areas Act . In 2008, arbitrating a legal challenge by the Chinese Association of South Africa, the Pretoria High Court ruled that the South African Chinese community were "black" for
6804-420: Was one of the most significant challenges facing BEE. Critics have questioned the appropriateness and fairness of the policy's use of racial classifications , themselves inherited from the apartheid era. This broad family of criticisms encompasses a range of views, including that using race markers further entrenches their power; that race is a suboptimal proxy for economic disadvantage; and that BEE constitutes
6888-411: Was registered on 8 June 1918. Sanlam, the subsidiary, later became the spearhead of the operation, while Santam remained focused on short-term insurance. In 1998 Sanlam demutualised, listing on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) Ltd and the Namibian Stock Exchange . This changed Sanlam from a mutual entity into a public company with a share capital, namely Sanlam Life Insurance Ltd. At the same time
6972-625: Was relaunched as the more comprehensive, and less ownership-focused, Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment ( BBBEE ) programme around the time of the passage of the BBBEE legislation in 2003. However, although earlier initiatives were governed by different legislation and sets of arrangements, the underlying principles and policy are very similar, and BBBEE is often still referred to as "BEE" in common parlance. In June 2021, President Cyril Ramaphosa announced that South Africa's BEE strategy and legislation would be reviewed, especially to ensure that they are not exploited for corrupt purposes. When
7056-522: Was the growing popular perception that BEE had thus far worked to benefit only a tiny black elite, a criticism prominently voiced by the influential Congress of South African Trade Unions . The stage for the expanded BBBEE strategy was set by the Preferential Procurement Act of 2000, which sanctioned preferential treatment for historically disadvantaged groups in the distribution of state procurement contracts. The regulations accompanying
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