Misplaced Pages

#807192

42-1345: San Rocco (Italian, ' Saint Roch '), may refer to: Places in Italy [ edit ] San Rocco di Piegara , frazione of Roverè Veronese, Verona, Veneto, Italy San Rocco al Porto , commune in Province of Lodi, Lombardy, Italy Churches in Italy [ edit ] San Rocco, Capranica , region of Lazio San Rocco, Castel del Monte , region of Abruzzo San Rocco, Circello , province of Benevento, region of Campania San Rocco, Lendinara , province of Rovigo, region of Veneto San Rocco, Moliterno , province of Potenza, region of Basilicata San Rocco, Montemurro , province of Potenza, region of Basilicata San Rocco, Piacenza , region of Emilia-Romagna San Rocco, Pisa , region of Tuscany San Rocco, Potenza , region of Basilicata San Rocco, Rome , region of Lazio San Rocco, Venice , region of Veneto Fortifications in Malta [ edit ] San Rocco Battery San Rocco Redoubt Fort Saint Rocco See also [ edit ] Rocco Oratorio di San Rocco (disambiguation) San Roque (disambiguation) São Roque (disambiguation) Topics referred to by

84-456: A " bachelor's degree ". This sense of baccalarius or baccalaureus is first attested at the University of Paris in the 13th century in the system of degrees established under the auspices of Pope Gregory IX as applied to scholars still in statu pupillari . There were two classes of baccalarii : the baccalarii cursores , theological candidates passed for admission to

126-708: A cardinal of the general scandal that would result if the widely venerated San Rocco were impugned as an impostor. Sixtus did not pursue the matter but left it to later popes to proceed with the canonization process. His successor, Pope Gregory XIV (1590–1591), added Roch of Montpellier, who had already been memorialized in the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass for two centuries, to the Catholic Church Martyrology , thereby fixing August 16 as his universal feast day. Numerous brotherhoods have been instituted in his honour. He

168-454: A ceiling canvas (1564). It is known for certain that the body of Roch was carried from Voghera, instead of Montpellier as previously thought, to Venice in 1485. Pope Alexander VI (1492–1503) built a church and a hospital in his honour. Pope Paul III (1534–1549) instituted a confraternity of St. Roch. This was raised to an archconfraternity in 1556 by Pope Paul IV ; it still thrives today. Roch had not been officially recognized as yet as

210-517: A dog from the statue of San Roque coming to life to serve as a guardian of a protagonist blind girl. A 2012 film “The Drop” a gritty thriller about a bartender and his hardened employer. The stray dog in the movie was named after St. Rocco after the main character visits a Catholic Church to pray and sees a statue of Saint Roch in the church. 1945 Italian landmark film "Open City" mentions in passing that statues of St. Roch as "more in demand" than those of St Anthony nowadays. Bachelors A bachelor

252-410: A form of martyrdom." Roch's status as a pilgrim who suffered the plague is paramount in his iconography. "The sight of Roch scarred by the plague yet alive and healthy must have been an emotionally-charged image of a promised cure. Here was literal proof that one could survive the plague, a saint who had triumphed over the disease in his own flesh." F. T. Prince published a long monologue from

294-460: A medieval priest who tends to plague victims is named Father Roche. Saint Roch's dog is sometimes conflated with the folk saint Saint Guinefort , the holy greyhound . Croatian celebrations around the saint are depicted in Miroslav Krleža 's 1932 novel The Return of Philip Latinowicz . A 2012 Philippine fantasy teleserye , Aso ni San Roque (literally Saint Roch's Dog ), depicts

336-403: A red cross on his breast that grew as he did, he early began to manifest strict asceticism and great devoutness; on days when his "devout mother fasted twice in the week, and the blessed child Rocke abstained him twice also when his mother fasted in the week and would suck his mother but once that day." On the death of his parents in his twentieth year he distributed all his worldly goods among

378-435: A rich iconography of the plague, its victims and its protective saints was soon developed, in which the iconography of Roche finds its historical place: previously the topos did not exist. In contrast, however, St. Roch of Montpellier cannot be dismissed based on the dates of a specific plague event. In medieval times, the term "plague" was used to indicate a whole array of illnesses and epidemics. The first literary account

420-511: A saint, however. In 1590 the Venetian ambassador at Rome reported back to the Serenissima that he had been repeatedly urged to present the witnesses and documentation of the life and miracles of San Rocco, already deeply entrenched in the Venetian life, because Pope Sixtus V "is strong in his opinion either to canonize him or else to remove him from the ranks of the saints;" the ambassador had warned

462-447: Is a man who is not and never has been married. A bachelor is first attested as the 12th-century bacheler : a knight bachelor , a knight too young or poor to gather vassals under his own banner . The Old French bacheler presumably derives from Provençal bacalar and Italian baccalare , but the ultimate source of the word is uncertain. The proposed Medieval Latin * baccalaris ("vassal", "field hand")

SECTION 10

#1732863213808

504-896: Is also the patron saint of the towns of Arboleas and Albanchez , in Almeria , southern Spain, and Deba , in the Basque Country . Saint Roch is known as " São Roque " in Portuguese, as " Sant Roc " in Catalan, as " San Roque " in Spanish (including in former colonies of the Spanish colonial empire such as the Philippines ), as " San Rocco " in Italian and as " Sveti Rok " in Slovenian and Croatian. The chronology of

546-453: Is an undated Acta that is labelled, by comparison with the longer, elaborated accounts that were to follow, Acta Breviora , which relies almost entirely on standardized hagiographic topoi to celebrate and promote the cult of Roch. The story that when the Council of Constance was threatened with plague in 1414, public processions and prayers for the intercession of Roch were ordered, and

588-450: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Saint Roch Roch (lived c. 1348 – 15/16 August 1376/79; traditionally c. 1295 – 16 August 1327), also called Rock in English, was a Majorcan Catholic confessor whose death is commemorated on 16 August and 9 September in Italy; he was especially invoked against the plague . He has

630-603: Is only attested late enough that it may have derived from the vernacular languages, rather than from the southern French and northern Spanish Latin baccalaria . Alternatively, it has been derived from Latin baculum ("a stick"), in reference to the wooden sticks used by knights in training. From the 14th century, the term "bachelor" was also used for a junior member of a guild (otherwise known as "yeomen") or university and then for low-level ecclesiastics, as young monks and recently appointed canons . As an inferior grade of scholarship, it came to refer to one holding

672-531: Is to wit, that who that calleth meekly to S. Rocke he shall not be hurt with any hurt of pestilence The townspeople recognized him as well by his birthmark ; he was soon canonized in the popular mind, and a great church erected in veneration. The date (1327) asserted by Francesco Diedo for Roch's death would precede the traumatic advent of the Black Death in Europe (1347–49) after long centuries of absence, for which

714-600: Is usually represented in the garb of a pilgrim, often lifting his tunic to demonstrate the plague sore, or bubo , in his thigh, and accompanied by a dog carrying a loaf in its mouth. The Third Order of Saint Francis , by tradition, claims him as a member and includes his feast on its own calendar of saints , observing it on August 17. The Catholic Church in Croatia , Bosnia and Herzegovina , Serbia and Montenegro venerates him as sveti Roko . Eponymous churches are numerous (cf. Crkva sv. Roka  [ hr ] ) including

756-574: The gender-neutral term " single " (first recorded 1964). In England and Wales, the term "bachelor" remained the official term used for the purpose of marriage registration until 2005, when it was abolished in favor of "single." Bachelors have been subject to penal laws in many countries, most notably in Ancient Sparta and Rome . At Sparta, men unmarried after a certain age were subject to various penalties ( Ancient Greek : ἀτιμία , atimía ): they were forbidden to watch women's gymnastics; during

798-521: The sign of the cross and the touch of his hand . At Rome, according to the Golden Legend, he preserved the "cardinal of Angleria in Lombardy" by making the mark of the cross on his forehead, which miraculously remained. Ministering at Piacenza at the hospital of Nostra Signora di Betlemme , he himself finally fell ill. He withdrew into the forest, where he made himself a hut of boughs and leaves, which

840-441: The town hall until kissed by a "virgin". In a 1912 Pittsburgh Press article, there was a suggestion that local bachelors should wear a special pin that identified them as such, or a black necktie to symbolize that "....they [bachelors] should be in perpetual mourning because they are so foolish as to stay unmarried and deprive themselves of the comforts of a wife and home." The idea of a tax on bachelors has existed throughout

882-449: The 1785 Tax on Servants, and the 1798 Income Tax. A study that was conducted by professor Charles Waehler at the University of Akron in Ohio on non-married heterosexual males deduced that once non-married men hit middle age, they will be less likely to marry and remain unattached later into their lives. The study concluded that there is only a 1-in-6 chance that men older than 40 will leave

SECTION 20

#1732863213808

924-456: The Black Death into perspective of God's secure and benevolent plan for humankind." The plague votives functioned both to request intercessory aid from plague saints and to provide catharsis for a population that had just witnessed the profound bodily destruction of the plague. Showing plague saints such as Roch and Sebastian invoked the memory of the human suffering experienced by Christ during

966-501: The Black Death, especially the Italian plague epidemic of 1477–79, new images of Christian martyrs and saints appeared and Roch gained new fame and popularity. The religious art of the time emphasized the importance of the saint to plague-ridden Christians. The new plague-related images of Roch were drawn from a variety of sources. Plague texts dating from ancient and classical times, as well as Christian, scientific and folk beliefs, all contributed to this emerging visual tradition. Some of

1008-798: The Church of St. Roch in Petrovaradin in Serbia . In India, there is a Church in Kerala in the name of Saint Roch under the Thrissur Archdiocese called St. Rocky's Church Pootharakkal . There is a huge statue of the saint about 24 feet in height (the first and only one in Asia). There is a special holy mass and Novena every Thursday. Roch received renewed attention and veneration during the COVID-19 pandemic . Following

1050-460: The Passion. In the art of Roch after 1477, the saint displayed the wounds of his martyrdom without evidence of pain or suffering. Roch actively lifted his clothing to display the plague bubo on his thigh. This display of his plague bubo showed that "he welcomed his disease as a divinely sent opportunity to imitate the sufferings of Christ... [his] patient endurance [of the physical suffering of plague was]

1092-577: The Saint's life is uncertain and full of legendary elements. According to his Acta and his vita in the Golden Legend , he was born at Montpellier , at that time "upon the border of France," as the Golden Legend has it, the son of the noble governor of that city. His birth was accounted a miracle, for his noble mother had been barren until she prayed to the Virgin Mary . Miraculously marked from birth with

1134-556: The Victorian era, the term " confirmed bachelor " denoted a man who desired to remain single. By the later 19th century, the term "bachelor" had acquired the general sense of "unmarried man". The expression bachelor party is recorded 1882. In 1895, a feminine equivalent "bachelor-girl" was coined, replaced in US English by " bachelorette " by the mid-1930s. This terminology is now generally seen as antiquated, and has been largely replaced by

1176-846: The centuries. Bachelors in Rome fell under the Lex Julia of 18 BC and the Lex Papia Poppaea of AD 9: these lay heavy fines on unmarried or childless people while providing certain privileges to those with several children. In 1695, a law known as the Marriage Duty Act was imposed on single males over 25 years old by the English Crown to help generate income for the Nine Years' War . In Britain , taxes occasionally fell heavier on bachelors than other persons: examples include 6 & 7 Will. III,

1218-402: The confidence in which renaissance worshipers sought to access supernatural aid in overcoming the ravages of the plague. The very abundance of means by which people invoked the aid of the celestial court is essential in understanding Renaissance responses to the disease. Rather than depression or resignation, people "possessed a confidence that put even an apocalyptic disaster of the magnitude of

1260-578: The designation of Rollox in Glasgow , Scotland , said to be a corruption of Roch's Loch, which referred to a small loch once near a chapel dedicated to Roch in 1506. It is also the name of a football club, St Roch's in Glasgow. He is a patron saint of dogs, invalids, falsely accused people, bachelors , and several other things. He is the patron saint of Dolo (near Venice ) and Parma , as well as Casamassima , Cisterna di Latina and Palagiano (Italy). He

1302-491: The divinity course, and the baccalarii dispositi , who had completed the course and were entitled to proceed to the higher degrees. In the Victorian era , the term " eligible bachelor " was used in the context of upper class matchmaking , denoting a young man who was not only unmarried and eligible for marriage, but also considered "eligible" in financial and social terms for the prospective bride under discussion. Also in

San Rocco - Misplaced Pages Continue

1344-555: The most popular symbols of plague were swords, darts, and most especially arrows. There was also a prevalence of memento mori themes, dark clouds, and astrological signs (signa magna) such as comets, which were often referenced by physicians and writers of plague tracts as causes of plague. The physical symptoms of plague – a raised arm, a tilted head, or a collapsed body – began to symbolize plague in post-Black Death paintings. Plague saints offered hope and healing before, during, and after times of plague. A specific style of painting,

1386-468: The outbreak ceased, is provided by Francesco Diedo, the Venetian governor of Brescia , in his Vita Sancti Rochi , 1478. The cult of Roch gained momentum during the bubonic plague that passed through northern Italy in 1477–79. His popularity, originally in central and northern Italy and at Montpellier, spread through Spain, France, Lebanon , the Low Countries , Argentina, Brazil, and Germany, where he

1428-437: The perspective of Saint Roch's dog entitled 'His Dog and Pilgrim' in his 1983 collection Later On . The breaking of a statue of Saint Roch is a crucial incident in the 1934 novel Clochemerle by Gabriel Chevallier . In Albert Camus ' 1947 novel The Plague , worshippers in the cathedral of Oran are seen gathered around the statue of Saint Roch. In the 1992 science fiction novel Doomsday Book by Connie Willis ,

1470-506: The plague votive, was considered a talisman for warding off the plague. It portrayed a particular saint as an intercessor between God and the person or persons who commissioned the painting – usually a town, government, lay confraternity, or religious order to atone for the "collective guilt" of the community. Rather than a society depressed and resigned to repeated epidemics, these votives represent people taking positive steps to regain control over their environment. Paintings of Roch represent

1512-480: The poor, entered the Franciscan Third Order , and set out as a mendicant pilgrim for Rome, although his father on his deathbed had designated him governor of Montpellier. Coming into Italy during an epidemic of plague , he was very diligent in tending the sick in the public hospitals at Acquapendente , Cesena , Rimini , Novara , and Rome, and is said to have effected many miraculous cures by prayer and

1554-415: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title San Rocco . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=San_Rocco&oldid=1257318153 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

1596-483: The single life, and that after the age 45, the odds fall to 1-in-20. In certain Gulf Arab countries, "bachelor" can refer to men who are single as well as immigrant men married to a spouse residing in their country of origin (due to the high added cost of sponsoring a spouse onsite). The term bachelorette is sometimes used to refer to a woman who has never been married. The traditional female equivalent to bachelor

1638-409: The winter, they were made to march naked through the agora singing a song about their dishonor; and they were not provided with the traditional respect due to the elderly. Some Athenian laws were similar. Over time, some punishments developed into no more than a teasing game. In some parts of Germany, for instance, men who were still unmarried by their 30th birthday were made to sweep the stairs of

1680-443: Was arrested at Voghera as a spy (by orders of his own uncle) and thrown into prison, where he languished five years and died on 16 August 1327, without revealing his name. After his death, according to the Golden Legend ; anon an angel brought from heaven a table divinely written with letters of gold into the prison, which he laid under the head of S. Rocke. And in that table was written that God had granted to him his prayer, that

1722-407: Was miraculously supplied with water by a spring that arose in the place; he would have perished had not a dog belonging to a nobleman named Gothard Palastrelli supplied him with bread and licked his wounds, healing them. Count Gottardo Pallastrelli, following his hunting dog that carried the bread, discovered Roch and brought him home to recover. On his way back to return incognito to Montpellier, he

San Rocco - Misplaced Pages Continue

1764-599: Was often interpolated into the roster of the Fourteen Holy Helpers , whose veneration spread in the wake of the Black Death . The 16th-century Scuola Grande di San Rocco and the adjacent church of San Rocco were dedicated to him by a confraternity at Venice , where his body was said to have been surreptitiously translated and was triumphantly inaugurated in 1485; the Scuola Grande is famous for its sequence of paintings by Tintoretto , who painted Roch in glory in

#807192