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33-521: The predecessor to the party, the "Samogitians Were, Are and Will Be" Initiative Group ( Samogitian : Žemaitē bova, īr ė būs , Lithuanian : Žemaičiai buvo, yra ir bus ) was founded on 5 July 2007 by five founding members - including former Order and Justice Member of the Seimas Egidijus Skarbalius  [ lt ] and Guinness World Record holder for the strongest beard Antanas Kontrimas  [ lt ] . The founding of

66-558: A federal state , the party struggled with registration in the Ministry of Justice, as this was interpreted as refusing to recognize the territorial integrity of the state. The party's demands include recognition of Samogitia as a separate nation, and recognition of the Samogitian language as a separate language. The party's first chairman, Egidijus Skarbalius, described it as a centrist party which seeks to balance free-market economics and

99-594: A jebentas! – "can't be!" (Lith. negali būti! ) and many more. Samogitian is divided into three major dialects: Northern Samogitian (spoken in Telšiai and Kretinga regions), Western Samogitian (was spoken in the region around Klaipėda , now nearly extinct, – after 1945, many people were expelled and new ones came to this region) and Southern Samogitian (spoken in Varniai , Kelmė , Tauragė and Raseiniai regions). Historically, these are classified by their pronunciation of

132-506: A political party. In 2008, the Ministry of Justice refused to register the party claiming that there were not enough participants at its inaugural meeting, but also that the programme failed to explicitly recognize Lithuania's territorial integrity and indivisibility and the fact that the Lithuanian language is the national language. After repeated demands to the ministry, it finally registered

165-408: A result. The party's new chairman, Stasys Gaižauskas, was questioned on the party's potential dissolution due to lacking activity and membership, but denied that such a move is being considered. It once again participated in the 2023 municipal elections , but made the worst showing in its history, with only 741 votes. The party is considered moribund and inactive. The party decided to participate in

198-601: A very rich system of participles, which are derived from all tenses with distinct active and passive forms, and several gerund forms. Nouns and other declinable words are declined in eight cases: nominative , genitive , dative , accusative , instrumental , locative ( inessive ), vocative and illative . The earliest writings in Samogitian dialect appear in the 19th century. Famous authors writing in Samogitian: There are no written grammar books in Samogitian because it

231-548: Is an Eastern Baltic language spoken primarily in Samogitia . It has preserved many features of the extinct Curonian language , such as specific phonological traits and vocabulary. Samogitian differs significantly from standard Lithuanian in phonetics, morphology, syntax, and lexis, with unique archaic features not found in other Lithuanian dialects. This difference often causes speakers of Aukštaitian dialects to not be able to understand speakers of Samogitian. The use of Samogitian

264-500: Is currently in decline, with limited presence in media and education. Efforts are being made to preserve the language, including local initiatives and cultural societies. The Samogitian language, heavily influenced by Curonian , originated from the East Baltic proto-Samogitian dialect which was close to Aukštaitian dialects . During the 5th century, Proto-Samogitians migrated from the lowlands of central Lithuania, near Kaunas , into

297-745: Is different from standard Lithuanian. Dual is preserved perfectly while in standard Lithuanian it has been completely lost. The differences between nominals are considerable too. The fifth noun declension has almost completely merged with the third declension. The plural and some singular cases of the fourth declension have endings of the first declension (e.g.: singular nominative sūnos , plural nom. sūnā , in standard Lithuanian: sg. nom. sūnus , pl. nom. sūnūs ). The neuter of adjectives has been pushed out by adverbs (except for šėlt 'warm', šalt 'cold', karšt 'hot') in Samogitian. Neuter pronouns were replaced by masculine. The second declension of adjectives has almost merged with

330-552: Is mobile but often retracted at the end of words, and is also characterised by pitch accent . Samogitian has a broken tone like the Latvian and Danish languages. The circumflex of standard Lithuanian is replaced by an acute tone in Samogitian. It has five noun and three adjective declensions . Noun declensions are different from standard Lithuanian (see the next section). There are only two verb conjugations. All verbs have present , past , past iterative and future tenses of

363-432: Is no new literature in Samogitian either, as authors prefer standard Lithuanian for its accessibility to a larger audience. Out of those people who speak Samogitian, only a few can understand its written form. Migration of Samogitian speakers to other parts of the country and migration into Samogitia have reduced contact between Samogitian speakers, and therefore the level of fluency of those speakers. There are attempts by

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396-459: Is verb conjugation . The past iterative tense is formed differently from Lithuanian (e.g., in Lithuanian the past iterative tense , meaning that action which was done in the past repeatedly, is made by removing the ending -ti and adding -davo ( mirti – mirdavo , pūti – pūdavo ), while in Samogitian, the word liuob is added instead before the word). The second verb conjugation merged with

429-528: The 2024 Lithuanian parliamentary election in a coalition together with the Lithuanian Christian Democracy Party . The Samogitian Party wants Samogitia to be established as an autonomous region above the municipalities of Lithuania . In this region, Samogitian language would have official status and be protected, and Samogitians would have the right to declare their ethnic nationality. As this would, de facto , transform Lithuania into

462-603: The Dubysa and Jūra basins, as well as into the Samogitian Upland . They displaced or assimilated the local, Curonian-speaking Baltic populations. Further north, they displaced or assimilated the indigenous Semigallian -speaking peoples. Assimilation of Curonians and Semigallians gave birth to the three Samogitian subdialects. In the 13th century, Žemaitija became a part of the Baltic confederation called Lietuva (Lithuania), which

495-535: The Lithuanian word Duona, "bread". They are referred to as Dounininkai (from Douna ), Donininkai (from Dona ) and Dūnininkai (from Dūna ). The Samogitian language is rapidly declining: it is not used in the local school system and there is only one quarterly magazine and no television broadcasts in Samogitian. There are some radio broadcasts in Samogitian (in Klaipėda and Telšiai ). Local newspapers and broadcast stations use standard Lithuanian instead. There

528-471: The Samogitian Cultural Society to stem the loss of the dialect. The council of Telšiai city put marks with Samogitian names for the city at the roads leading to the city, while the council of Skuodas claim to use the language during the sessions. A new system for writing Samogitian was created. The first use of a unique writing system for Samogitian was in the interwar period , however it

561-467: The indicative mood , subjunctive (or conditional ) and imperative moods (both without distinction of tenses) and infinitive . The formation of past iterative is different from standard Lithuanian. There are three numbers in Samogitian: singular , plural and dual . Dual is almost extinct in standard Lithuanian. The third person of all three numbers is common. Samogitian as the standard Lithuanian has

594-464: The pro-Russian organization and internet portal "Be United" ( Lithuanian : Būkime vieningi ), which called for a restoration of the Kingdom of Lithuania . Samogitian language Samogitian ( endonym : žemaitiu kalba or sometimes žemaitiu rokunda , žemaitiu šnekta or žemaitiu ruoda ; Lithuanian : žemaičių tarmė, žemaičių kalba ), often considered a dialect of Lithuanian ,

627-421: The social safety net . The party also pledges to protect 'family values'. The party's candidates in municipal elections are often known for unorthodox campaign promises, such as promising to create a dub of The Simpsons and Teletubbies in the Samogitian dialect. In 2012, as members of the "World Samogitian Gathering" ( Lithuanian : Pasaulio Žemaičių sueiga ), the party endorsed a resolution written by

660-520: The Samogitian Cultural Society discourages these conventions and recommends using the letters with macrons above instead. The use of double letters is accepted in cases where computer fonts do not have Samogitian letters; in such cases y is used instead of Samogitian ī, the same as in standard Lithuanian, while other long letters are written as double letters. The apostrophe might be used to denote palatalization in some cases; in others i

693-691: The dialect, in particular phonetics. The earliest writings in the Samogitian language appeared in the 19th century. Samogitian and its subdialects preserved many features of the Curonian language, for example: as well as various other features not listed here. The earliest writings in Samogitian language appeared in the 16th century ( Catechism of Martynas Mažvydas has been written mostly in south Samogtian dialect), more in 18th century (starting with "Ziwatas Pona Yr Diewa Musu Jezusa Christusa" written in 1759 in north Samogitian dialect). ( ɤ ) ė may be retracted in some sub-dialects to form ( ɤ ) represented by

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726-476: The first declension, with only singular nominative case endings staying separate. The formation of pronominals is also different from standard Lithuanian. Samogitian also has many words and figures of speech that are altogether different from typically Lithuanian ones, e.g., kiuocis – basket (Lith. krepšys , Latvian ķocis ), tevs – thin (Lith. plonas, tęvas , Latvian tievs ), rebas – ribs (Lith. šonkauliai , Latvian ribas ),

759-404: The first in Samogitian. The plural reflexive ending is -muos instead of expected -mies which is in standard Lithuanian ( -mės ) and other dialects. Samogitian preserved a lot of relics of athematic conjugation which did not survive in standard Lithuanian. The intonation in the future tense third person is the same as in the infinitive, in standard Lithuanian it shifts. The subjunctive conjugation

792-426: The group which they had spent on their documents. The initiative group attempted to organize projects in defense of Samogitian ethnicity, such as registering all Samogitians worldwide into a common registry, and promoting the pseudohistorical book "Samogitia" by amateur historian Charles Pichel , which presents an unfounded history of a supposed "Sun Dynasty" of Samogitia. In late 2007, the group decided to establish

825-455: The initiative group was spurred by planned reforms to the administrative system of Lithuania which, according to the group, would erase the definition of Samogitia from law, as well as the group's failed attempts to define their ethnicity as Samogitian in their birth certificates . The group also demanded the Minister of Justice , Petras Baguška  [ lt ] , to return 30 litas to

858-618: The letter õ. Tėkrus → tõkrus, lėngvus → lõngvus, tėn → tõn. The vowel can be realized as close-mid central [ɘ] or close-mid back [ɤ], depending on the speaker. The Samogitian language is highly inflected like standard Lithuanian , in which the relationships between parts of speech and their roles in a sentence are expressed by numerous flexions. There are two grammatical genders in Samogitian – feminine and masculine. Relics of historical neuter are almost fully extinct while in standard Lithuanian some isolated forms remain. Those forms are replaced by masculine ones in Samogitian. Samogitian stress

891-524: The party distanced themselves from him. However, he remained a member of the party. In the election, he received 5.94% of the vote in the Gargždai constituency and finished fifth. The party retained its three council seats in Klaipėda District Municipality in the 2015 municipal elections , but failed to win any new seats. It did not contest the 2019 municipal elections and lost its seats as

924-564: The party in February 2009. In 2009, the party claimed to have 1100 members. Several local branches of the party were established, including one in London , established in May 2009. It took part at the 2009 European Parliament election and received 6,961 votes (1.23% of the total). The party's vice-chairman, businessman and lawyer Arvydas Norvydas was put forth as a candidate in the presidential election in

957-528: The same year, but cancelled his bid due to sickness. In the 2011 municipal elections , the party won three seats (out of 27) in the council of the Klaipėda District Municipality and entered a coalition with Order and Justice . Egidijus Skarbalius, the party's chairman, was elected as the Vice-Mayor to Mayor Sigitas Karbauskas  [ lt ] . However, this coalition was short-lived and

990-789: Was considered to be a dialect of Lithuanian , but there were some attempts to standardise its written form. Among those who have tried are Stasys Anglickis  [ lt ] , Pranas Genys  [ lt ] , Sofija Kymantaitė-Čiurlionienė , B. Jurgutis , Juozas Pabrėža  [ lt ] . Today, Samogitian has a standardised writing system but it still remains a spoken language, as nearly everyone writes in their native speech. Samogitian differs from Standard Lithuanian in phonetics , lexicon , syntax and morphology . Phonetic differences from standard Lithuanian are varied, each Samogitian subdialect (West, North and South) has different reflections. Standard Lithuanian → Samogitian The main difference between Samogitian and standard Lithuanian

1023-524: Was formed by Mindaugas . Lithuania conquered the coast of the Baltic Sea from the Livonian order . The coast was populated by Curonians , but became a part of Samogitia . From the 13th century onwards, Samogitians settled within the former Curonian lands, and intermarried with the population over the next three hundred years. The Curonians were assimilated by the 16th century. Its dying language has influenced

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1056-570: Was neglected during the Soviet period, so only elderly people knew how to write in Samogitian at the time Lithuania regained independence. The Samogitian Cultural Society renewed the system to make it more usable. The writing system uses similar letters to standard Lithuanian, but with the following differences: As previously it was difficult to add these new characters to typesets, some older Samogitian texts use double letters instead of macrons to indicate long vowels, for example aa for ā and ee for ē; now

1089-692: Was overthrown by a coalition of the Social Democratic Party and the Homeland Union after defections from the Order and Justice group in September. Egidijus Skarbalius chose to participate in the 2012 parliamentary election as a candidate for the Way of Courage party. As he had not informed the party nor was the party in a cooperation agreement with Way of Courage, he was removed from his position as chairman and

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