7-691: Samantan Nair , also known as Samanthan Nair or just Samantan (meaning "equal to" or "deemed to be"), was a generic term applied to dignify a group of sub-clans among the ruling elites ( Naduvazhi ) and feudal lords ( Jenmimar ) of the Nair community in Kerala . Robin Jeffrey , an anthropologist , described the Samantans as, "A matrilineal caste ranking between Nairs and Kshatriyas " Naduvazhi Naduvazhi ( IAST : nātuvāḻi ; lit. ' The ruler of
14-640: The Zamorins of Calicut . In these instances, although they were obeisant to the rajah they held a higher ritual rank than the Zamorin as a consequence of their longer history of government; they also had more power than the vassal chiefs. The naduvazhi families each saw themselves as a distinct caste in the same manner as did the rajahs; they did not recognise other naduvazhi families as being equal to them. The naduvazhi maintained criminal and civil order and could demand military service from all Nairs below him. There
21-522: The land ' ) were feudatory Nair princes who ruled over microstates that are now administrative parts of Kerala , India . They constituted the aristocratic class of Nairs within the Hindu caste system and were either kings themselves or nobility in the service of the kings of Kerala. Prior to the British reorganisation of the area now known as Kerala, it was divided into around ten feudal states. Each of these
28-456: The opinion that as with all other Kings of Malabar (Kerala), the Cochin Raja and Venadu Swarupam was also of Nair origin. Mateer states: "There seems reason to believe that the whole of the kings of Malabar also, notwithstanding the pretensions set up for them of late by their dependents, belong to the same great body, and are homogeneous with the mass of the people called Nairs. Sometimes
35-409: The reorganisation. The person who governed the nad was known as the naduvazhi . It was an inherited role, originally bestowed by a king, and of a lower ritual rank than the royal lineages. Although Nair families, they generally used the title of Samantan and were treated as vassals. However, some naduvazhi were feudatory chiefs, former kings whose territory had been taken over by, for example,
42-418: Was governed by a rajah (king) and was subdivided into organisational units known as nads . In turn, the nads were divided into dēsams , which anthropologist Kathleen Gough considers to be villages. However, the early 20th-century historian Kavalam Panikkar states that the dēsams were themselves divided into amsas , and that these were the villages. He believes that generally only the amsas survived
49-513: Was usually a permanent force of between 500 and 1000 men available and these were called upon by the rajah when required. All fighting was usually suspended during the monsoon period of May to September, when movement around the country was almost impossible. Beaten roads and wheeled vehicle transport were rare until mid 18th century. Naduvazhis of Kerala used different titles. Historians, including Robin Jeffry, Faucett and Samuel Mateer, are of
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