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35-526: The Sam Rayburn Library and Museum is a public research center, library, and museum at 800 West Sam Rayburn Drive in Bonham, Texas . It was built in 1957 as a working library and research center for Sam Rayburn (1882-1961), the influential United States Congressman who holds the record as the longest-serving Speaker of the United States House of Representatives . The building, designed by Roscoe DeWitt ,

70-526: A Superior Court and Sheriff (as an officer of the court ), both located in a designated "shire town". Bennington County, Vermont has two shire towns; the court for "North Shire" is in the shire town Manchester , and the Sheriff for the county and court for "South Shire" are in the shire town Bennington. In 2024, Connecticut , which had not defined their counties for anything but statistical, historical and weather warning purposes since 1960, along with ending

105-657: A 2,500 year old Grecian urn given by the Greek Palace Guard to Rayburn for assisting the Kingdom of Greece during the Greek Civil War . Outside of the building is a bronze statue of Rayburn that was dedicated in 1990. [REDACTED] Media related to Sam Rayburn Library and Museum at Wikimedia Commons Bonham, Texas Bonham is a city and is the county seat of Fannin County, Texas , United States. The population

140-410: A county seat may be an independent city surrounded by, but not part of, the county of which it is the administrative center; for example, Fairfax City is both the county seat of Fairfax County, Virginia and completely surrounded by Fairfax County, but the city is politically independent of the county. When the county seat is in the independent city, government offices such as the courthouse may be in

175-646: A county was the magistrate , who oversaw both the day-to-day operations of the county as well as civil and criminal cases. The current number of counties mostly resembled that of the later years of the Qing dynasty . Changes of location and names of counties in Chinese history have been a major field of research in Chinese historical geography, especially from the 1960s to the 1980s. There are 1,355 counties in Mainland China out of

210-542: A prisoner-of-war camp for German soldiers. Parts of the camp, approximately 0.5 miles north of US 82, can still be visited today. According to the U.S. Census Bureau , Bonham has a total area of 9.8 square miles (25.3 km ), all land. Bonham's climate is characterized by hot, humid summers and mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Bonham has a humid subtropical climate , abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps. As of

245-568: A total of 2,851 county-level divisions. In Taiwan , the first counties were first established in 1661 by the Kingdom of Tungning . The later ruler Qing empire inherited this type of administrative divisions. With the increase of Han Chinese population in Taiwan, the number of counties also grew by time. By the end of Qing era, there were 11 counties in Taiwan. Protestant missionaries in China first romanized

280-593: Is a section of Middle Township , an incorporated municipality. In some states, often those that were among the original Thirteen Colonies , county seats include or formerly included "Court House" as part of their name, such as Spotsylvania Courthouse, Virginia . Most counties have only one county seat. However, some counties in Alabama , Arkansas , Georgia , Iowa , Kentucky , Massachusetts , Mississippi , Missouri , New Hampshire , New York , and Vermont have two or more county seats, usually located on opposite sides of

315-687: Is the most prominent example of Classical Revival architecture in Fannin County , expressly evoking the Classical architecture of Washington, DC . The library is now operated as part of the Dolph Briscoe Center for American History , part of the University of Texas at Austin . The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005. In 1957 Rayburn dedicated the library in

350-532: The 2020 United States census , there were 10,408 people, 2,963 households, and 1,696 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,067.1 inhabitants per square mile (412.0/km ). There were 3,400 housing units. There were 2,963 households, out of which 28.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.3% were married couples living together, 15.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37% were non-families. 32.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 32.3% had someone who

385-530: The Grant administration but was later transferred to the U.S. Capitol on the orders of Theodore Roosevelt who complained about the noise that the chandelier caused. In the west wing are two galleries, the H.G. Dulaney Gallery and the Rostrum Gallery. These galleries feature items from Rayburn's life, from his early childhood to his days as Speaker. The Dulaney Gallery's centerpiece is a white fireplace mantle that

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420-723: The People's Republic of China . Xian have existed since the Warring States period and were set up nationwide by the Qin dynasty . The number of counties in China proper gradually increased from dynasty to dynasty. As Qin Shi Huang reorganized the counties after his unification, there were about 1,000. Under the Eastern Han dynasty , the number of counties increased to above 1,000. About 1400 existed when

455-539: The Sui dynasty abolished the commandery level (郡 jùn), which was the level just above counties, and demoted some commanderies to counties. In Imperial China, the county was a significant administrative unit because it marked the lowest level of the imperial bureaucratic structure; in other words, it was the lowest level that the government reached. Government below the county level was often undertaken through informal non-bureaucratic means, varying between dynasties. The head of

490-515: The United States , a county is an administrative or political subdivision of a state that consists of a geographic area with specific boundaries and usually some level of governmental authority. The city, town, or populated place that houses county government is known as the seat of its county. Generally, the county legislature, county courthouse, sheriff's department headquarters, hall of records, jail and correctional facility are located in

525-411: The provinces of Ontario , Quebec , New Brunswick , Prince Edward Island , and Nova Scotia have counties as an administrative division of government below the provincial level, and thus county seats. In the provinces of Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia the term "shire town" is used in place of county seat. County seats in China are the administrative centers of the counties in

560-576: The 1770s to the present day. The library building has a steel and concrete framework with solid brick walls and is faced with gleaming white Georgia marble and looks like many Classical-style buildings in Washington, D.C. such as the White House and the Lincoln Memorial . It is set on a base of Texas red granite. In its original 1957 configuration the main lobby, made of black Italian marble, featured

595-652: The Class D Texas-Oklahoma League (1911–1914, 1921–1922) and the Independent Southwestern League (1898). Bonham teams featured a different moniker each season. Baseball Hall of Fame member Kid Nichols was Manager of the 1914 Bonham Sliders. During the Second World War , a training camp and an aviation school for the United States Army Air Forces were in the vicinity of Bonham, as was

630-583: The House of Representatives for permanent display in this museum. The east wing is composed of the reading room where researchers and locals can read Rayburn's personal books and access the complete run of the published proceedings of the United States Congress from the First Continental Congress of 1774 to the present. Rayburn's gifts and honors are also displayed in the reading room, including

665-575: The city began to grow, and by 1885 there were six churches, three colleges, two public schools, three weekly newspapers, a sawmill, two grain mills, a power plant, and about 2,300 inhabitants. 1890 saw the addition of streetcars, an ice plant, and the opening of the Texas Power and Light Company, the area's utility provider. In 1925 the city was connected to natural gas lines. In 1898, 1911–1914 and 1921–1922, Bonham hosted minor league baseball . The Bonham Boosters and other Bonham teams played as members of

700-488: The county seat is the entire county. Ellicott City , the county seat of Howard County, Maryland , is the largest unincorporated county seat in the United States, followed by Towson , the county seat of Baltimore County, Maryland . Likewise, some county seats may not be incorporated in their own right, but are located within incorporated municipalities. For example, Cape May Court House, New Jersey , though unincorporated,

735-491: The county seat, though some functions (such as highway maintenance, which usually requires a large garage for vehicles, along with asphalt and salt storage facilities) may also be located or conducted in other parts of the county, especially if it is geographically large. A county seat is usually an incorporated municipality . The exceptions include the county seats of counties that have no incorporated municipalities within their borders, such as Arlington County, Virginia , where

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770-420: The county. Examples include Harrison County, Mississippi , which has both Biloxi and Gulfport as county seats, and Hinds County, Mississippi , which has both Raymond and the state capital of Jackson . The practice of multiple county seat towns dates from the days when travel was difficult. There have been few efforts to eliminate the two-seat arrangement, since a county seat is a source of civic pride for

805-611: The independent city under an agreement, such as in Albemarle , or may in be enclaves of the county surrounded by the independent city, such as in Fairfax . Others, such as Prince William , have the courthouse in an enclave surrounded by the independent city and have the county government, the Board of Supervisors, in a different part of the county, far from the county seat. The following counties have their county seat in an independent city: Bedford

840-479: The original white marble rostrum that stood in the House of Representatives from 1857 until 1950 with a bronze statue of Rayburn standing behind it. The rostrum was moved to the main exhibit room in the 2012 renovation of the library. An exact replica of Rayburn's office is in the library. The furniture in this office was actually in the Speaker's Office in Washington, D.C. from 1907 to 1957. The fireplace immediately behind

875-515: The speaker's desk was originally installed in the House of Representatives in 1857, where it remained for ninety-two years until its removal during the U.S. Capitol renovation project in 1949-50. This office served as Rayburn's official office from 1957 to 1961 whenever he returned home to Bonham to serve his constituents. The chandelier in Rayburn's office was originally installed in the White House during

910-764: The state's area, has no borough government or borough seat. One borough, the Lake and Peninsula Borough , has its borough seat located in another borough, namely King Salmon in Bristol Bay Borough . In Louisiana , which is divided into parishes rather than counties, county seats are referred to as "parish seats". In New England , counties have served mainly as dividing lines for the states' judicial systems. Rhode Island has no county level of government and thus no county seats, and Massachusetts has dissolved many but not all of its county governments. In Vermont , Massachusetts , and Maine county government consists only of

945-444: The style of a presidential library to preserve his memory, library collection, honors, and mementos. Former president Harry Truman was the guest of honor at the dedication ceremony. While other Speakers of the House have public or university libraries named in dedication to them this library is unique in that the library is solely dedicated to being a library about Rayburn's life as well as being an archival library about Congress from

980-565: The summer of 1837, and the settlement was named "Bois D'Arc". The Congress of the Republic of Texas named the city Bloomington in 1843, but renamed it Bonham in honor of James Butler Bonham , a defender of the Alamo . On February 2, 1848, Bonham was incorporated as a city. A 1936 statue of Bonham by Texas sculptor Allie Tennant is on the courthouse grounds. After connecting to the Texas and Pacific Railway

1015-570: The term as hien . When Taiwan became a Japanese colony in 1895, the hierarchy of divisions also incorporated into the Japanese system in the period when Taiwan was under Japanese rule. By September 1945, Taiwan was divided into 8 prefectures ( 州 and 廳 ), which remained after the Republic of China took over. There are 13 county seats in Taiwan, which function as county-administered cities , urban townships , or rural townships . In most of

1050-416: The towns involved, along with providing employment opportunities. There are 33 counties with multiple county seats in 11 states: Alaska is divided into boroughs rather than counties; the county seat in these case is referred to as the "borough seat"; this includes six consolidated city-borough governments (one of which is styled as a "municipality"). The Unorganized Borough, Alaska , which covers 49% of

1085-607: The use of county seats in particular, will fully transition with the permission of the United States Census Bureau to a system of councils of government for the purposes of boundary definition and as county equivalents. Two counties in South Dakota , Oglala Lakota and Todd , have their county seat and government services centered in a neighboring county. Their county-level services are provided by Fall River County and Tripp County , respectively. In Virginia ,

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1120-674: Was $ 52,334. Males had a median income of $ 26,035 versus $ 21,897 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 24,874. About 14.9% of the population were below the poverty line. The city is served by the Bonham Independent School District . The city's high school is Bonham High School . Grayson County College operated a branch campus in Bonham until 2012. Highways in the Bonham area include U.S. Route 82 , Texas State Highway 78 , Texas State Highway 56 , and Texas State Highway 121 . County seat In Canada ,

1155-604: Was 10,408 at the 2020 census. James Bonham (the city's namesake) sought the aid of James Fannin (the county's namesake) at the Battle of the Alamo . Bonham is part of the Texoma region in northern Texas and southern Oklahoma. One of Texas's oldest cities, Bonham dates to 1837, when Bailey Inglish built a two-story blockhouse named Fort Inglish about 2 miles (3 km) from the current downtown. Inglish and other acquaintances settled there in

1190-406: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.4 and the average family size was 3.05. In the city, the population was spread out, with 21% under the age of 19, 9% from 20 to 24, 31% from 25 to 44, 23.5% from 45 to 64, and 15.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. The median income for a household in the city was $ 43,793, and the median income for a family

1225-521: Was installed originally in the Adams Room of the White House but removed during the White House renovation in the late 1940s. The Rostrum Gallery contains the white marble Speaker's rostrum that stood on the dais of the House of Representatives from 1857 until 1950. When the House was renovated in 1950, the rostrum was removed from the Capitol Building. It was presented to Sam Rayburn by his colleagues in

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