Radegund ( Latin : Radegundis ; also spelled Rhadegund, Radegonde, or Radigund ; c. 520 – 13 August 587) was a Thuringian princess and Frankish queen, who founded the Abbey of the Holy Cross at Poitiers . She is the patroness saint of several churches in France and England and of Jesus College, Cambridge (whose full name is "The College of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Saint John the Evangelist and the glorious Virgin Saint Radegund , near Cambridge").
22-813: Radegund was born about 520 to Bertachar , one of the three kings of the German land Thuringia . Radegund's uncle, Hermanfrid , killed Bertachar in battle, and took Radegund into his household. After allying with the Frankish King Theuderic , Hermanfrid defeated his other brother Baderic . However, having crushed his brothers and seized control of Thuringia, Hermanfrid reneged on his agreement with Theuderic to share sovereignty. In 531, Theuderic returned to Thuringia with his brother Clotaire I (also known as Chlothar). Together they defeated Hermanfrid and conquered his kingdom. Clotaire I also took charge of Radegund, taking her back to Merovingian Gaul with him. He sent
44-648: A chapel in Old St Paul's Cathedral , as well as in Gloucester , Lichfield , and Exeter Cathedrals . St. Radegund's Abbey , near Dover, was founded in her honour in 1191, and Longleat Priory in Wiltshire was also dedicated to her. She is also a patron saint of Jesus College, Cambridge , which was founded on the site of the 12th century Priory of Saint Mary and Saint Radegund . The St Radegund public house in Cambridge
66-473: A biography of Radegund , Queen, founder of Holy Cross, and saint. Scholars have noticed a marked difference in perspective between an earlier life of Radegund composed by Venantius Fortunatus , written from a close friend's perspective, and Baudonivia's, written from the perspective of a nun of Radegund's own convent. Baudonivia wrote her Vita Radegundis , a biography of the Frankish queen Radegund , founder of
88-610: A personal level, whereas Baudonivia presented Radegund as a role model. Venantius focuses on the humble life of Radegund, dedicated to caring for the poor, those suffering from leprosy, and the most derelict. Having become a tenacious penitent, she lived in a state of sanctity. That of Baudovinia tells a completely different story, giving the image of an indomitable woman with great mental autonomy who also reserved her inexhaustible energy for recreational or culinary activities, and spent her time not only in prayer and penance, but also in intense political activity, kept quiet by Venantius. In
110-535: A saint in the Catholic Church. Two hagiographies of her were produced by her friends Baudovinia and Venantius Fortunatus. Fortunatus specifies that she was "from the Thuringian region", a daughter of King Bertachar and a granddaughter of King Bisinus. Baudovinia Baudonivia (fl. c. 600) was a nun and hagiographer at the convent of Holy Cross of Poitiers . Very little is known about her. She wrote
132-432: A vegan diet, refusing all animal products. She ate nothing but legumes and green vegetables : neither fruit nor fish nor eggs. Radegund also abstained from wine, mead and beer. During Lent she abstained from bread, oil, and salt, and only drank a little water. She acted against the advice of others who warned her that her extreme ascetism might make her ill. She bound her neck and arms with three iron circlets; her flesh
154-664: Is named in her honour. St Rhadagund's Holiday and Conference Centre on the Isle of Wight is also named after her. There are many places named Sainte-Radegonde in France . Austria has two locations named after Saint Radegund. Sankt Radegund in Upper Austria is a municipality in the district of Braunau am Inn , situated at the western rim of the Innviertel region, where the Salzach river forms
176-481: The Rule for Virgins of Caesarius of Arles —which Radegund had received from his niece, Caesaria —the nuns were required to be able to read and write, and to devote several hours of the day to reading the scriptures and copying manuscripts, as well as traditional tasks such as weaving and needlework. This Rule strictly enclosed women, to the point that nuns of Sainte-Croix were unable to attend Radegund's funeral. Her abbey
198-484: The Holy Cross abbey, at the request of the other nuns at Holy Cross. Baudonivia wrote her life of Radegund sometime between 599 and 614 at Chelles Abbey , using a previous vita by Venantius Fortunatus and her own recollections of Radegund from her youth. She regarded her work as similar to half of a diptych . Baudonivia created a portrait of a devout yet politically shrewd woman who used her worldly power to sustain
220-541: The attention of modern readers to the rebellion of the nuns at Poitiers after the death of Radegund, during which, for a period of two years, they refused to accept a new abbess who had been appointed by the male hierarchy. She is typically depicted "with royal robes, crown, and sceptre" and nearby there are "wolves and wild beasts" which are tame in her presence. Also: "Crosier and book. Field of oats. White headdress, tunic with fleurs-de-lys, mantle with castles." Five English parish churches are dedicated to her, and she had
242-655: The border to the German state of Bavaria . Saint Radegund is also the namesake of Sankt Radegund bei Graz , a municipality in the district of Graz-Umgebung in the Austrian state of Styria . Close to the ruins of the castle Mühlburg which can be dated back to 704 above the village of Mühlberg in Thuringia in Germany, the foundations of a chapel dedicated to St Radegund can be visited. Bertachar Bertachar (or Berthachar )
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#1732891198645264-483: The child to his villa of Athies in Picardy for several years, before marrying her in 540. Radegund was one of Clotaire I's six wives or concubines (the other five being Guntheuca who was the widow of his brother Chlodomer, Chunsina, Ingund , Ingund's sister Aregund and Wuldetrada the widow of Clotaire's grand-nephew Theudebald). She had no children with him. Radegund was noted for her almsgiving. By 545 Radegund's brother
286-503: The famous Vexilla Regis , considered to be one of the most significant Christian hymns ever written, which is still sung for services on Good Friday , Palm Sunday , as well as the Exaltation of the Holy Cross . Radegund was a close friend of Junian of Maire ; Junian and Radegund are said to have died on the same day, 13 August 587. Radegund was known for her ascetic behaviour and has been described as an "extreme ascetic". She followed
308-489: The monastery. Her work has been characterized as faithful to the picture painted by Venantius Fortunatus, but more significantly influenced by the ideology of Caesarius of Arles 's Regula Virginum with the clear purpose of providing a model of sanctity for the nuns of her generation. The work is focused on the later stages of Radegund's life, when Radegund lived in a cell near Poitiers . The book also includes miracles attributed to Radegund's intercession. Scholars have noted
330-588: The thematic differences between the respective biographies of Venantius Fortunatus and Baudonivia. According to Professor Lynda L. Coon, Fortunatus depicts Radegund emphasizes her asceticism, while Baudonivia stresses her role as astute politician, her administrative achievements, and her traveling to collect relics and, most importantly, her efforts to gain a fragment of the True Cross from Byzantine Emperor Justin II . Fortunatus wrote his part as someone who knew Radegund on
352-417: The voice of Radegund, De Excidio Thoringiae and Ad Artachin . While it has been proposed that Venantius wrote them, recent historians see her as the author. Another biography was written by the nun Baudovinia following a rebellion at the abbey described by Gregory of Tours. Radegund's funeral, which Venantius Fortunatus and Gregory of Tours attended, was three days after her death. She was buried in what
374-663: Was a king of Thuringia from about 510 until about 525, co-ruling with his brothers Hermanfrid and Baderic . Bertachar was probably not a Thuringian himself. Frankish sources, such as Venantius Fortunatus , make the three brothers sons of King Bisinus . They are sometimes considered as sons of Bisinus' wife Menia , or else as sons of Basina , who is called a wife of Bisinus by the Frankish historian Gregory of Tours . Many scholars, however, reject Bisinus' marriage to Basina as ahistorical, leaving Menia as his only known wife. Bertachar's rule probably began between 507 and 511. He
396-486: Was badly cut because of this. On one occasion she heated a brass cross and pressed it on her body. The poet Venantius Fortunatus and the bishop, hagiographer , and historian, Gregory of Tours , were close friends with Radegund and wrote extensively about her. She wrote Latin poems to Fortunatus on tablets that have been lost. The three of them seem to have been close and Fortunatus' relations with Radegund seem to have been based on friendship. There are two poems written in
418-450: Was murdered by his brother Hermanfrid, who later murdered Baderic to become sole ruler of Thuringia. This assassination may have taken place as early as 525. Bertachar had at least one daughter and, depending on the source, one or several sons. His sons are unnamed. His daughter, Radegund , married the Frankish king Chlothar I and founded Holy Cross Abbey in Poitiers. She is revered as
440-483: Was named for the relic of the True Cross that Radegund obtained from the Byzantine Emperor Justin II . Although the bishop Maroveus of Poitiers refused to install it in the abbey, at Radegund's request king Sigebert I sent Eufronius of Tours to Poitiers to perform the ceremony. To celebrate the relic and its installation into Sainte-Croix, Venantius Fortunatus composed a series of hymns, including
462-463: Was the last surviving male member of the Thuringian royal family. Clotaire had him murdered. Radegund fled the court and sought the protection of the Church, persuading Medardus , the bishop of Noyon, to ordain her as a deaconess ; she founded the monastery of Sainte-Croix in Poitiers c. 560 , where she cared for the infirm. Radegund was widely believed to have the gift of healing. Living under
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#1732891198645484-498: Was to become the Church of St. Radegonde in Poitiers. Her tomb can still be found in the crypt of that church, which remains the center of devotion to her. In the 1260s a church decoration program included stained-glass windows depicting Radegund's life. These were later largely destroyed by Huguenots . In her book Woman Under Monasticism: Chapters on Saint-Lore and Convent Life between A.D. 500 and A.D. 1500 (1896) Lina Eckenstein drew
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