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39-597: Saint Mark Parish may refer to: Saint Mark Parish, Dominica Saint Mark Parish, Grenada [REDACTED] Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles about distinct geographical locations with the same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saint_Mark_Parish&oldid=1121713105 " Categories : Place name disambiguation pages Civil parishes in

78-828: A comparison with Christ in his tomb, and Christ as king. Mark the Evangelist can be depicted as a man with a halter around his neck and as rescuing Christian slaves from Saracens . Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria Autocephaly recognized by some autocephalous Churches de jure : Autocephaly and canonicity recognized by Constantinople and 3 other autocephalous Churches: Spiritual independence recognized by Georgian Orthodox Church: Semi-Autonomous: The Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria and all Africa ( Ancient Greek : Πατριαρχεῖον Ἀλεξανδρείας καὶ πάσης Ἀφρικῆς , romanized :  Patriarkheîon Alexandreías ke pásīs Afrikês , lit.   'The Patriarchate of Alexandria and all Africa'), also known as

117-888: A priest for the Latin rite and sent a representative to the Fourth Lateran Council. The first recorded sign of schism was the Bishop of Rome's appointing a titular Latin Patriarch of Alexandria in 1310. In the 19th century Orthodoxy in Africa began to grow again. One thing that changed this in the 19th century was the Orthodox diaspora. People from Greece , Syria and Lebanon , in particular, went to different parts of Africa, and some established Orthodox Churches. Many Greeks also settled in Alexandria from

156-505: A result of mission initiatives by Western Christians; Roman Catholic, Protestant and especially in the 20th century adherents to Western-origin Christian bodies that do not fit into this old dichotomy. These Western-initiated churches were, however, very often tied to Western culture. The Greek missions to African outposts followed Greek-speaking settlers, as with the missions to America and Australia, and still provide cultural links to Greece and

195-497: A winged lion. Mark the Evangelist attributes are the lion in the desert ; he can be depicted as a bishop on a throne decorated with lions; as a man helping Venetian sailors. He is often depicted holding a book with pax tibi Marce written on it or holding a palm and book. Other depictions of Mark show him as a man with a book or scroll, accompanied by a winged lion. The lion might also be associated with Jesus' Resurrection because lions were believed to sleep with open eyes, thus

234-663: Is also believed to have been among the servants at the Marriage at Cana who poured out the water that Jesus turned to wine ( John 2 :1–11). According to the Coptic tradition, Mark was born in Cyrene , a city in the Pentapolis of North Africa (now Libya ). This tradition adds that Mark returned to Pentapolis later in life, after being sent by Paul to Colossae ( Colossians 4:10; Philemon 24.) Some, however, think these actually refer to Mark

273-580: Is distinguished from Mark the Evangelist, John Mark is celebrated on September 27 (as in the Roman Martyrology ) and Mark the Evangelist on April 25. Mark is remembered in the Church of England and in much of the Anglican Communion, with a Festival on 25 April . Mark the Evangelist is most often depicted writing or holding his gospel. In Christian tradition, Mark the Evangelist is symbolized by

312-512: Is honoured as the founder of Christianity in Africa . According to Eusebius, Mark was succeeded by Anianus as the bishop of Alexandria in the eighth year of Nero (62/63), probably, but not definitely, due to his coming death. Later Coptic tradition says that he was martyred in 68. Modern Bible scholars (i.e. most critical scholars) have concluded that the Gospel of Mark was written by an anonymous author rather than by Mark. For instance,

351-687: Is observed on April 25 by the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Churches. For those Churches still using the Julian calendar , April 25 according to it aligns with May 8 on the Gregorian calendar until the year 2099. The Coptic Orthodox Church observes the Feast of St Mark on Parmouti 30 according to the Coptic calendar which always aligns with April 25 on the Julian calendar or May 8 on the Gregorian calendar . Where John Mark

390-658: Is rejected by the Russian Orthodox Church and several other Orthodox churches. This was done after Theodore II announced support for the OCU. The Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church noted that it remains in communion with clerics of the Alexandria church who reject Theodore II's decision. In 2016, the Holy Synod of the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria voted to reinstate the female diaconate ; in

429-642: The Ascension of Jesus , Mark travelled to Alexandria and founded the Church of Alexandria , having already been in Egypt for 4-5 years. The Coptic Orthodox Church , the Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria , and the Coptic Catholic Church all trace their origins to this original community. Aspects of the Coptic liturgy can be traced back to Mark himself. He became the first bishop of Alexandria and he

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468-696: The Coptic Orthodox Church , signing a joint declaration allowing intermarriage and setting the stage for improved relations between the two ancient patriarchates. His efforts were ended as the result of a helicopter crash on September 11, 2004, in the Aegean Sea near Greece , killing him and several other clergy, including Bishop Nectarios of Madagascar , another bishop with a profound missionary vision. The metropolitans and bishops of this expanding church remain overwhelmingly of Greek or Cypriot origin. Today, some 300,000 Eastern Orthodox Christians constitute

507-736: The Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople after the schism that followed the Council of Chalcedon in 451. Mark the Evangelist is considered the founder of the See, and the Patriarchate's emblem is the Lion of Saint Mark . The head bishop of the Patriarchate of Alexandria is the Pope and Patriarch of Alexandria and all Africa , currently Theodore II of Alexandria . His full title is " His Most Divine Beatitude

546-769: The Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria , is an autocephalous patriarchate that is part of the Eastern Orthodox Church . Its seat is in Alexandria and it has canonical responsibility for the entire African continent. It is commonly called the Greek or Eastern Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria to distinguish it from the Coptic Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria . Members of the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate were once referred to as " Melkites " by non-Chalcedonian Christians because they remained in communion with

585-437: The 1840s and Orthodoxy began to flourish there again, and schools and printing presses were established. For a while there was some confusion, especially outside Egypt. As happened in other places, Orthodox immigrants would establish an ethnic "community", which would try to provide a church, school, sporting and cultural associations. They would try to get a priest for the community in the place they had emigrated from, and there

624-776: The 1930s, Daniel William Alexander visited first Uganda, and later Kenya . Spartas, however, also made contact with Fr Nikodemos Sarikas, a missionary priest in Tanganyika , and through him made contact with the Greek Patriarch of Alexandria . In 1946 the African Orthodox groups in Kenya and Uganda were received into the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria. In the 1950s, however, the Orthodox Church in Kenya suffered severe oppression at

663-676: The 9th century, beginning with the Ecumenical patriarchate in Constantinople , where the offices existed hierarchically in three pentads. There are ecclesiastical offices, for both the clergy and lay people. However, the offices for lay people acquired greater validity and dissemination during the Ottoman period whence they were gradually disseminated to the other ancient Patriarchates of the East. The offices are awarded by "patriarchal esteem and intention" as

702-515: The Caribbean Parish name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Saint Mark According to William Lane (1974), an "unbroken tradition" identifies Mark the Evangelist with John Mark , and John Mark as the cousin of Barnabas . However, Hippolytus of Rome , in On

741-555: The Cousin of Barnabas ), and serving with him in Rome (2 Timothy 4:11); from Pentapolis he made his way to Alexandria . When Mark returned to Alexandria, the pagans of the city resented his efforts to turn the Alexandrians away from the worship of their traditional gods . In AD 68, they placed a rope around his neck and dragged him through the streets until he was dead. The Feast of St Mark

780-722: The Eastern Roman Emperor and in communion with the Patriarchs in Rome, Antioch, Constantinople, and Jerusalem. A healthy correspondence of Eulogius of Alexandria with Gregory the Great of Rome is evident from the fourteen books of Gregory's letters called the Registrum. After the Arab conquest of Egypt in the 7th century – which permanently separated the region from the Byzantine Empire –

819-610: The Evangelist in the office of Bishop of Alexandria, who founded the church in the 1st century, and therefore marked the beginning of Christianity in Africa . It is one of the five ancient patriarchates of the early church , called the Pentarchy . The seat of the patriarchate is the Cathedral of the Annunciation, also known as the Cathedral of Evangelismos , in Alexandria. The history of

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858-533: The Evangelist with John Mark , as well as that he was one of the Seventy Disciples sent out by Jesus (Luke 10:1), as Hippolytus confirmed. Coptic tradition also holds that Mark the Evangelist hosted the disciples in his house after Jesus's death, that the resurrected Jesus came to Mark's house ( John 20 ), and that the Holy Spirit descended on the disciples at Pentecost in the same house. Furthermore, Mark

897-793: The Greek Chalcedonians became an isolated minority in the region, even among Christians, and the church has remained small for centuries. These Alexandrian Christians remained in ecclesiastical communion with the Patriarch of Constantinople, who likewise recorded their names and also the Pope of Rome in his diptychs. During the Crusades, they also gave no hint of schism with Rome, since the Greek Patriarch of Alexandria administered holy communion to Latin merchants and prisoners and allowed Latin priests to use their own ritual books. Patriarch Nicholas I ordained

936-693: The Greek patriarchy in Egypt . African-initiated churches interested in the various forms of Orthodoxy, but finding it difficult to make contact with historic Orthodoxy in the parts of Africa where they lived, sought further afield. In the 1920s some of them made contact with the so-called African Orthodox Church in the USA (not a part of the canonical community of Eastern Orthodox Churches), notably Daniel William Alexander in South Africa , and Ruben Spartas Mukasa in Uganda . In

975-520: The Orthodox Christian faith in Arab nations and throughout Africa , raising up native clergy and encouraging the use of local languages in the liturgical life of the church. Particularly sensitive to the nature of Christian expansion into Muslim countries, he worked to promote mutual understanding and respect between Orthodox Christians and Muslims. He also worked to improve ecumenical relations with

1014-712: The Patriarchate of Alexandria in Egypt , the highest number since the Roman Empire . The current primate of the Greek Church of Alexandria is Theodoros II , Pope and Patriarch of Alexandria and all Africa. On 27 December 2019 the Russian Orthodox Church officially cut ties with the Eastern Orthodox Patriarchate in Alexandria over the latter's recognition of the Orthodox Church of Ukraine , which

1053-487: The Patriarchate of Alexandria includes some of the greatest and most renowned fathers of the Church , especially the histories of Athanasius and Cyril , who were patriarchs of Alexandria at the ecumenical councils of Nicaea and Ephesus respectively. In the schism that was created by the political and Christological controversies at the Council of Chalcedon in 451, the Church of Alexandria split in two. The majority of

1092-688: The Pope and Patriarch of the Great City of Alexandria , Libya , Pentapolis , Ethiopia , all the land of Egypt , and all Africa , Father of Fathers, Shepherd of Shepherds, Prelate of Prelates, thirteenth of the Apostles , and Judge of the Œcumene ". Like the Coptic Orthodox Pope of Alexandria and the Coptic Catholic Patriarch of Alexandria , he claims to have succeeded the Apostle Mark

1131-550: The Seventy Apostles , distinguishes Mark the Evangelist ( 2 Timothy 4 :11), John Mark ( Acts 12 :12, 25; 13:5, 13; 15:37), and Mark the cousin of Barnabas ( Colossians 4 :10; Philemon 24). According to Hippolytus, they all belonged to the "Seventy Disciples" who were sent out by Jesus to disseminate the gospel ( Luke 10:1ff.) in Judea . According to Eusebius of Caesarea , Herod Agrippa I , in his first year of reign over

1170-412: The author of the Gospel of Mark knew very little about the geography of the region (having apparently never visited it), "was very far from being a peasant or a fisherman", was unacquainted with Jewish customs (unlikely for someone from Palestine), and was probably "a Hellenized Jew who lived outside of Palestine". Mitchell Reddish does concede that the name of the author might have been Mark (making

1209-743: The following year, it ordained six female subdeacons in the Democratic Republic of Congo . In 2024 the Patriarchate ordained its first female deacon, Angelic Molen, in Zimbabwe , making her the first female deacon in the Eastern Orthodox Church. The institution of the Offikialoi has its roots in the Hierarchy of the Byzantine Empire and primarily came into the ecclesiastical world around

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1248-618: The gospel possibly homonymous), but the identity of this Mark is unknown. Similarly, "Francis Moloney suggests the author was someone named Mark, though maybe not any of the Marks mentioned in the New Testament". The Routledge Encyclopedia of the Historical Jesus takes the same approach: the author was named Mark, but scholars are undecided who this Mark was. The four canonical gospels are anonymous and most researchers agree that none of them

1287-414: The hands of the British colonial authorities during the Mau Mau Uprising . Most of the clergy were put in concentration camps, and churches and schools were closed. Only the Cathedral in Nairobi (which had a largely Greek membership) remained open. Archbishop Makarios III of Cyprus preached an anti-colonialist sermon at the cathedral on his way home from exile, and this led to friendship between him and

1326-470: The leader of the anti-colonial struggle in Kenya, Jomo Kenyatta . After Kenya became independent in 1963 the situation eased, and the Greek-speaking Church of Cyprus helped to get the presence of the Greek Orthodox Church in Kenya once more, building a seminary and sending missionary teachers. In recent years, a considerable missionary effort was enacted by Pope Petros VII . During his seven years as patriarch (1997–2004), he worked tirelessly to spread

1365-454: The native (i.e., Coptic ) population did not accede to the Council of Chalcedon, adhering instead to the Miaphysite Christology of the Oriental Orthodox communion, and became known as the Coptic Orthodox Church . A small portion of the Church of Alexandria followed Chalcedonian Christology, and this is called the Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria, since it used Greek as its liturgical language . These Greek Chalcedonian believers were loyal to

1404-470: The second year of Emperor Claudius (AD 42). Somewhere on the way, Peter encountered Mark and took him as travel companion and interpreter. Mark the Evangelist wrote down the sermons of Peter, thus composing the Gospel according to Mark, before he left for Alexandria in the third year of Claudius (AD 43). According to the Acts 15:39, Mark went to Cyprus with Barnabas after the Council of Jerusalem. According to tradition, in AD 49, about 16 years after

1443-412: The whole of Judea (AD 41), killed James, son of Zebedee and arrested Peter , planning to kill him after the Passover . Peter was saved miraculously by angels , and escaped out of the realm of Herod (Acts 12:1–19). Peter went to Antioch , then through Asia Minor (visiting the churches in Pontus , Galatia , Cappadocia , Asia , and Bithynia , as mentioned in 1 Peter 1 :1), and arrived in Rome in

1482-420: Was some confusion about which bishops were responsible for these priests. Eventually, in the 1920s it was agreed that all Orthodox churches in Africa would be under the jurisdiction of the Patriarchate of Alexandria , and so Africa has managed to avoid the jurisdictional confusion that has prevailed in places like America and Australia . In Africa south of the Sahara most of the growth in Christianity began as

1521-449: Was written by eyewitnesses. Evidence for Mark the Evangelist's authorship of the Gospel of Mark that bears his name originates with Papias ( c.  60  – c.  130 AD ). Scholars of the Trinity Evangelical Divinity School are "almost certain" that Papias is referencing John Mark . Modern mainstream Bible scholars find Papias's information difficult to interpret. The Coptic Church accords with identifying Mark

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