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23-510: Saint Hedwig may refer to: Saint Hedwig of Silesia , 13th-century saint Saint Jadwiga of Poland , 14th-century saint also known as Hedwig Saint Hedwig, Texas , a town in the United States Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Saint Hedwig . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change

46-685: A Benedictine abbey at the site of the battle in Legnickie Pole , settled with monks coming from Opatovice in Bohemia . Hedwig and Henry had lived very pious lives, and Hedwig had great zeal for her faith. She had supported her husband in donating the Augustinian provostry at Nowogród Bobrzański ( Naumburg ) and the commandery of the Knights Templar at Oleśnica Mała ( Klein Oels ). Hedwig always helped

69-497: A long period of dynastic struggle, intrigue, and national weakness. By this time Silesia had been divided into sixteen minuscule principalities and was finally annexed by Bohemia . Civil wars followed which encouraged foreign intervention. Boleslaus IV (1146–1173) submitted (1157) as vassal of Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor . The disputes, however, continued. Duke Bolesław I the Tall and his younger brother Mieszko I Tanglefoot divided

92-534: A member of the Bavarian comital House of Andechs , was Duchess of Silesia from 1201 and of Greater Poland from 1231 as well as High Duchess consort of Poland from 1232 until 1238. She was canonized by the Catholic Church in 1267 by Pope Clement IV. The daughter of Count Berthold IV of Andechs , margrave of Carniola and Istria and his second wife Agnes of Wettin , she was born at Andechs Castle in

115-586: The Duchy of Bavaria . Her elder sister, Agnes , married King Philip II of France (annulled in 1200) and her sister Gertrude (killed in 1213) married King Andrew II of Hungary , while the youngest Matilda, (Mechtild) became abbess at the Benedictine Abbey of Kitzingen in Franconia , where Hedwig also received her education. Hedwig's brother was Bishop Ekbert of Bamberg , Count of Andechs-Meranien. Another brother

138-473: The Polish kingdom would be better divided into four hereditary principalities for each of his four sons as a kind of family federation. One became Duke of Greater Poland (around Gniezno ), another Silesia , another Lesser Poland (around Kraków ), another, half-heathen Masovia . The rising local magnates, dowered with estates, preferred provincial princes. But the division of loyalties among these princes brought on

161-763: The Prussian king Frederick the Great , having conquered and annexed the bulk of Silesia in the First Silesian War , had St. Hedwig in Berlin built for the Catholic Upper Silesian immigrants, since 1930 the cathedral of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Berlin . After the expulsion of almost all Germans from Silesia , German Silesians carried Hedwig's veneration to all over remaining Germany. In March 2020

184-661: The Roman Catholic Diocese of Görlitz . Her feast day is celebrated on the General Roman Calendar on 16 October. The Order of Saint Paul the First Hermit , who count her as a great benefactor, celebrate it on 8 June. A 17th-century legend has it that Hedwig, while on a pilgrimage to Rome , stopped at Bad Zell in Austria , where she had healing waters spring up at a source which today still bears her name. In 1773

207-585: The religious habit of a lay sister , but she did not take vows. She invited numerous German religious people from the Holy Roman Empire into the Silesian lands, as well as German settlers who founded numerous cities, towns and villages in the course of the Ostsiedlung , while cultivating barren parts of Silesia for agriculture. Hedwig and Henry had several daughters, though only one surviving son, Henry II

230-437: The 1138 Testament of Bolesław III Krzywousty . Upon his death in 1238, Henry was buried at a Cistercian monastery of nuns, Trzebnica Abbey ( Kloster Trebnitz ), which he had established in 1202 at Hedwig's request. Hedwig accepted the death of her beloved husband with faith. She said: "Would you oppose the will of God? Our lives are His." The widow moved into the monastery, which was led by her daughter Gertrude, assuming

253-540: The Duchy of Opole and Racibórz and the Duchy of Opole was recreated for Casimir and his brother Bolko I , contemporaneously with the establishment of the duchies of Cieszyn and Bytom on former Racibórz territory. In 1327 King John the Blind of Bohemia reasserted his influence over the Duchy of Opole in an attempt to stabilise the situation. The Duchy underwent various future territorial changes, becoming increasingly small until

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276-489: The Opole lands reverted to his still living father Bolesław and were briefly incorporated into the Duchy of Wrocław. Bolesław himself however died shortly afterwards and in 1202 Opole was taken by his brother Duke Mieszko I Tanglefoot of Racibórz, who merged it with his duchy, creating the united Upper Silesian Duchy of Opole and Racibórz . After the death of Mieszko's grandson Duke Władysław Opolski in 1281, his sons again divided

299-629: The Pious , who succeeded his father as Duke of Silesia and Polish High Duke. The widow, however, had to witness the killing of her son, vainly awaiting the support of Emperor Frederick II , during the Mongol invasion of Poland at the Battle of Legnica ( Wahlstatt ) in 1241. The hopes for a re-united Poland were lost, and even Silesia fragmented into numerous Piast duchies under Henry II's sons. Hedwig and her daughter-in-law, Henry II's widow Anna of Bohemia , established

322-706: The Upper Silesian Duchy of Opole . In 1206 Henry and his cousin Duke Władysław III Spindleshanks of Greater Poland agreed to swap the Silesian Lubusz Land against the Kalisz region, which met with fierce protest by Władysław's III nephew Władysław Odonic . When Henry went to Gąsawa in 1227 to meet his Piast cousins, he narrowly saved his life, while High Duke Leszek I the White was killed by

345-560: The discovery of Hedwig's remains, that had been missing for centuries, was reported. The remains were found in her sanctuary in Trzebnica , in a silver casket bearing a lead tablet with an inscription confirming Hedwig's identity. Hedwig glasses are named after Hedwig of Silesia. Hedwig and Henry I had seven children: Duchy of Opole Duke Bolesław III Wrymouth had restored Polish fortunes to some extent but having endured terrific internal strife, he decreed in his will (1138) that

368-545: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saint_Hedwig&oldid=1140547552 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Hedwig of Silesia Hedwig of Silesia (also Hedwig of Andechs ( German : Heilige Hedwig von Andechs , Polish : Święta Jadwiga Śląska , Latin : Hedvigis ; 1174 – 15 October 1243),

391-714: The men of the Pomerelian Duke Swietopelk II , instigated by Władysław Odonic. The next year Henry's ally Władysław III Spindleshanks succeeded Leszek I as High Duke ; however as he was still contested by his nephew in Greater Poland, he made Henry his governor at Kraków , whereby the Silesian duke once again became entangled in the dispute over the Seniorate Province . In 1229 he was captured and arrested at Płock Castle by rivaling Duke Konrad I of Masovia . Hedwig proceeded to Płock pleading for Henry and

414-568: The mid-15th century, when it would start to expand again, resulting in the recreation of the Duchy of Opole and Racibórz under Duke Jan II the Good in 1521. Jan however died without issue in 1532 and the Opole line of the Piasts became extinct, whereafter Opole and Racibórz as feudal fiefdoms reverted to the sovereignty of the Bohemian Crown. It would then fall to Margrave George of Brandenburg-Ansbach from

437-593: The poor, the widows and the orphans, founded several hospitals for the sick and the lepers and donated all her fortune to the Church . She allowed no one to leave her uncomforted, and one time she spent ten weeks teaching the Our Father to a poor woman. According to legend, she went barefoot even in winter, and when she was urged by the Bishop of Wrocław to wear shoes, she carried them in her hands. On 15 October 1243, Hedwig died and

460-554: The territory among themselves into the two duchies of Wrocław and Racibórz . Bolesław originally had the intention to bequest the Duchy of Wrocław as a whole to his son of his second marriage Henry I the Bearded , which caused the protest of his eldest son Jarosław . After a long-term dispute in 1172 the Duchy of Opole was formed with Jarosław becoming the first duke . In turn he was obliged to an ecclesiastical career and became Bishop of Wrocław in 1198. When Duke Jarosław died in 1201,

483-569: Was Berthold , Archbishop of Kalocsa and Patriarch of Aquileia , while her brother Henry, Margrave of Istria was the first lord of Carniola . Through her sister Gertrude, she was the aunt of Elizabeth of Hungary . At the age of twelve, Hedwig married Henry I the Bearded , son and heir of the Piast duke Boleslaus the Tall of Silesia . As soon as Henry succeeded his father in 1201, he had to struggle with his Piast relatives, at first with his uncle Duke Mieszko IV Tanglefoot who immediately seized

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506-662: Was able to have him released. Her actions promoted the reign of her husband: upon the death of the Polish High Duke Władysław III Spindleshanks in 1231, Henry also became Duke of Greater Poland and the next year prevailed as High Duke at Kraków. He thereby was the first of the Silesian Piast descendants of Władysław II the Exile to gain the rule over Silesia and the Seniorate Province in accord with

529-584: Was buried in Trzebnica Abbey with her husband, while relics of her are preserved at Andechs Abbey and St. Hedwig's Cathedral in Berlin . Hedwig was canonized in 1267 by Pope Clement IV , a supporter of the Cistercian order, at the suggestion of her grandson Prince-Archbishop Władysław of Salzburg . She is the patroness saint of Silesia , of Andechs , and of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Wrocław and

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