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46-535: The bridge was constructed in 1927 as a concrete T-beam structure, and opened in 1928. The original bridge was replaced with the current deck in 1997. Transport Canada estimated the bridge's traffic at 66,635 vehicles annually in 2006. The Vanceboro - St. Croix Border Crossing connects the towns of Vanceboro, Maine and St. Croix, New Brunswick on the Canada–United States border . The Canadian government has at times called this crossing McAdam , named for

92-700: A 1994 federal government reorganization, Transport Canada had a wide range of operational responsibilities including the Canadian Coast Guard , the Saint Lawrence Seaway , airports and seaports, as well as Via Rail and CN Rail . Significant cuts to Transport Canada at that time resulted in CN Rail being privatized, the coast guard being transferred to Fisheries and Oceans , and the seaway and various ports and airports being transferred to local operating authorities. Transport Canada emerged from this process as

138-637: A death, the Act authorizes the Minister of Transport to commission inquiries into causes of death occurring on a ship. The Act establishes the responsibilities and powers of the Ministers to prevent marine pollution. The Minister of Transport is authorized to direct the activities of a ship reasonably expected to discharge a pollutant or that has discharged a pollutant. The Minister is further empowered to regulate oil handling facilities . The Minister of Fisheries and Oceans

184-475: A department focused on policy and regulation rather than transportation operations. In 2004, Transport Canada introduced non-passenger screening to enhance both airport and civil aviation security. Transport Canada's headquarters are located in Ottawa at Place de Ville , Tower C. Transport Canada also has regional headquarters in: Transport Canada is responsible for enforcing several Canadian legislation, including

230-511: A fatal boat crash, Linda O'Leary, wife of Canadian entrepreneur and political aspirant Kevin O'Leary , was charged under the Act, garnering national media attention. In 2021, O'Leary was acquitted. In 2015, the MV Marathassa , a grain carrier, spilled thousands of litres of fuel into Vancouver's English Bay. The Public Prosecution Service of Canada charged the shipping line , Alassia Newships Management Inc., including with six charges under

276-486: A former inspector at Transport Canada, went on record criticizing this approach, indicating that it would increase risk to the flying public. Critics have warned that introducing SMS to the aviation sector is "a recipe for disaster". However, the aviation accident rate in Canada declined over a number of years to 2008. The rail industry in Canada, which has had SMS since 2001 and is also regulated by Transport Canada, had shown

322-537: A marked increase in accidents under this regulatory scheme to 2006. Several Transport Canada senior executives, including Assistant Deputy Minister, Safety and Security, Marc Grégoire, were sued in 2008 for reprisals against another whistleblower, Ian Bron. who reported that the Marine Security framework was riddled with gaps. On 23 December 2013, it was revealed that a Transport Canada inspector had been dismissed for falsifying departmental reports. The identity of

368-641: A result of the Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302 crash and the Lion Air Flight 610 crash, which occurred five months prior to the Ethiopian crash, most airlines and countries began grounding the Boeing 737 MAX 8 (and in many cases all MAX variants) due to safety concerns, but Transport Canada declined to temporarily ground Boeing 737 Max 8 operating in Canada. However, on 13 March, Transport Canada reversed

414-604: A specific bridge in New Brunswick is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article about a bridge in Maine is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Transport Canada Transport Canada ( French : Transports Canada ) is the department within the Government of Canada responsible for developing regulations , policies and services of road, rail, marine and air transportation in Canada . It

460-526: A task force looking into deep-sea shipping, the shipping act was rewritten into the Shipping Act of 1985, which was then further redrafted in 2001 into the Canada Shipping Act, 2001. The Act establishes general goals of protecting vessels and crews, promoting safety, protecting marine environments, promoting shipping, establishing an inspection regime, and meeting international obligations. Throughout

506-626: A treaty between British dominions. This led to the creation of the domestic Canada Shipping Act, introduced by Alfred Duranleau and first passed in 1934. The legislation generally reproduced domestically the British Merchant Shipping Act 1894 ( 57 & 58 Vict. c. 60), but with updates. The act came into force in 1936. The act saw major changes in 1948 in areas relating to certification of ship's officers , steamship inspection, and shipping of seamen, as well as conforming with International Labour Organization (ILO) conventions on

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552-559: Is a Crown corporation that reports to parliament through the Minister of Transport . It is responsible for the protection of specific elements of the air transportation system – from passenger and baggage screening to screening airport workers. In spring 2017 CATSA and the Canada Border Services Agency began their roll-out "as part of a broader effort to modernize and streamline clearance procedures at Canadian airports" of

598-507: Is also empowered to designate foreign territories as areas of war or conflict, and designate types of goods that cannot be shipped to that jurisdiction or shipped if they are eventually bound to that destination. The Act has multiple regulations that have been enacted by the Governor-in-Council, expanding on multiple authorities given to the ministers under the Act, including filling minor elements of shipping that are not singled out in

644-438: Is empowered to appoint pollution response officers, with the authority to board ships, sample cargo, to direct the route and speed of ships if it is in the interest of prevention of release of pollutants. The Minister is obligated to detain unsafe vessels, and may furthermore exclude or expel ships from Canadian waters if they are believed to be in contravention of international conventions to which Canada has agreed. The Minister

690-509: Is part of the Transportation, Infrastructure and Communities (TIC) portfolio. The current Minister of Transport is Anita Anand . Transport Canada is headquartered in Ottawa , Ontario . The Department of Transport was created in 1935 by the government of William Lyon Mackenzie King in recognition of the changing transportation environment in Canada at the time. It merged three departments:

736-440: Is the division under Transport Canada that maintains and enhances marine safety and work to protect life, health, property and the marine environment. This includes providing services that are mandated by acts and regulations such as certification for Canadian seafarers and related professionals. Transport Canada's role in aviation is the most detailed. Until 1996, Transport Canada was responsible for both regulation of aviation and

782-493: The Aeronautics Act , Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act, 1992 , Motor Vehicle Safety Act , Canada Transportation Act , Railway Safety Act , Canada Shipping Act, 2001 , Marine Transportation Security Act amongst others. Each inspector with delegated power from the Minister of Transport receives official credentials to exercise their power, as shown on the right. These inspectors are public officers identified within

828-573: The National Airports System ) to outside operators; currently, there are 26 airports in the system, of which 22 are operated by 21 Airport Authorities, an example of which is the Greater Toronto Airports Authority . In 2003, Transport Canada launched its Electronic Collection of Air Transportation Statistics program to collect passenger and cargo data in real-time from air carriers flying in Canada. ECATS will expand into

874-438: The self-service border clearance kiosks programme, under which Canadian travellers are subject to facial recognition technology upon re-entry to the country. It was expected that as a cost-cutting measure the programme was to reduce the number of civilian interactions with civil servants. Transport Canada's Civil Aviation (TCCA) Directorate is Canada's civil aviation authority . It has existed since 1936, when civil aviation

920-694: The 1920s, the imperial shipping regime decentralized, and after the Balfour Declaration in 1926, and the ensuing Statute of Westminster , Canada was no longer formally subservient to British legislation. Even prior to the Statute, Canada pursued a new legislative agenda regarding shipping, at a 1929 subconference of the Imperial Conference . This led to the creation of the British Commonwealth Merchant Shipping Agreement ,

966-434: The Act, the legislation establishes the ability of Ministers to create regulations in relation to the areas legislated under the statute as well as creating criminal and quasi-criminal civil penalties for violations. The act establishes broad powers to be exercised by the Minister of Transport or the Minister of Fisheries and Oceans . Included in the powers are the power to develop regulations and standards, as well as

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1012-604: The Criminal Code of Canada. The Motor Vehicle Safety Act was established in 1971 in order to create safety standards for cars in Canada. The department also acts as the federal government's funding partner with provincial (and territorial) transport ministries on jointly-funded provincial transportation infrastructure projects for new highways. TC also manage a database of traffic collisions in Canada. Transport Canada's role in railways include: Following allegations by shippers of service level deterioration, on April 7, 2008,

1058-420: The Minister of Transport any person whose health condition would constitute a danger to marine safety. The Act empowers the ship's master over hiring conditions and discharge, as well as maintaining records of service, and creates an obligation to report any births or deaths that occur on the ship. The Act also bans those who construct ships from deviating from design drawings for a ship. The Act establishes

1104-601: The United Kingdom's Imperial Shipping Act . The historical background of the act can be traced to pre-Confederation to 1845, where the government of the Province of Canada first exercised authority over requiring registration for ships navigating inland waters, until it was superseded by the British Merchant Shipping Act 1854 ( 17 & 18 Vict. c. 104). In 1878, the Canadian government passed legislation attempting to repeal

1150-624: The act, such as elevator safety on ships. Other examples of regulations include regulations regarding ballast water dumping , fire safety, small vessel regulations, vessel registration fees and Arctic shipping. Other regulations have been repealed, such as regulations regarding anchorage, hull inspection, or navigation of minor waterways such as the St. Clair River or Burlington Canal. Many regulations that have been deprecated are repealed with their contents instead being updated or consolidated into new regulations, some with identical names. In 2019, following

1196-472: The applicability of Section 23 of the British Merchant Shipping Act 1876 ( 39 & 40 Vict. c. 80), which was not assented to due to British government opposition. Canadian legislation in 1870 extended restrictions on coasting trade , from one Canadian port to another. In 1910 the Marquess of Crewe pointed out significant divergence of the Canadian shipping industry from adherence to imperial law. In

1242-565: The certification of seamen. In 1950, domestic registration was strengthened and the International Convention on the Safety of Life at Sea were implemented. In 1956, the Act was first amended to incorporate environmental law in marine ecosystems, which were later extended, most substantially in the 1970s. In 1963, the provisions of the Act that normally only affected sea-going vessels were extended to Great Lakes shipping. In 1985, after

1288-483: The decision and grounded all 737 MAX 8 and MAX 9 aircraft. The provinces and territories also have their own transportation departments, namely to deal with roads and vehicle licensing and regulations: Canada Shipping Act The Canada Shipping Act ( French : Loi de 2001 sur la marine marchande du Canada ) is legislation enacted by the Parliament of Canada , governing the powers of government to regulate

1334-512: The federal government of Canada launched a review of railway freight service within the country. Transport Canada, which is managing the review, plans to investigate the relationships between Canadian shippers and the rail industry, especially with regards to the two largest railroad companies in the country, Canadian Pacific Railway and Canadian National Railway. On June 26, 2013, the Fair Rail Freight Service Act became law which

1380-509: The field of general aviation during 2008. Transport Canada also collects data on all accidents and incidents, no matter how minor, using the Civil Aviation Daily Occurrence Reporting System (CADORS). Transport Canada continues to be responsible for licensing pilots and other aviation specialists (such as dispatchers and mechanics) as well as registering and inspecting aircraft. It is also responsible for

1426-515: The following aircraft in its database and operate as ICAO airline designator TGO, and telephony TRANSPORT. Transport Canada has been the centre of a number of controversies in recent years. In September 2009, the CBC 's Fifth Estate produced a report "Riding on Risk", which detailed alleged mismanagement and cover-ups in Transport Canada. The story was sparked by a lost memory stick which

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1472-700: The former Department of Railways and Canals , the Department of Marine, and the Civil Aviation Branch of the Department of National Defence (c. 1927 when it replaced the Air Board ) under C. D. Howe , who would use the portfolio to rationalize the governance and provision of all forms of transportation (air, water and land). He created a National Harbours Board and Trans-Canada Air Lines . The Department of Transport Act came into force November 2, 1936. Prior to

1518-521: The guilty party was not revealed, because of a concern for his or her privacy. The Canadian Association of Journalists nominated Transport Canada for its Secrecy Award for a second time in 2008, indicating that a bill to amend the Aeronautics Act will cause "a veil of secrecy [to] fall over all information reported by airlines about performance, safety violations, aviation safety problems and their resolution." In September 2009, Transport Canada

1564-465: The larger municipality east of St. Croix. In the early 1900s, this crossing was located at the adjacent lock structure a short distance to the north. At some point in the distant past (at least prior to 1930), a bridge existed to the south of the railroad bridge, extending from Public Crossing Road on the Canadian side. Concrete footings for this bridge remain on the US side at this site. This article about

1610-503: The operation of air traffic services, as well as the operation of most major airports. On November 1, 1996, these responsibilities were split: Transport Canada remains responsible for regulation (through the Canadian Aviation Regulations (CARs) and Standards ), and a new regulated non-profit company, NAV CANADA , took over responsibility for all civilian air traffic services. This change was (and remains) controversial within

1656-419: The operation of large airports, and divesting itself of small airports altogether (typically handing them over to municipalities). Following the 1994 National Airports Policy , Transport Canada retains ownership of most airports with 200,000 or more annual passenger movements, as well as the primary airports serving the federal, provincial, and territorial capitals, but leases most of these airports (which make up

1702-411: The power of the Minister to prevent movement of a ship from a restricted navigational zone, to appoint traffic service providers and require communications equipment. The Act also creates an obligation for vessels to answer distress signals and assist with search-and-rescue missions as directed, as well as assist in lifesaving activities in the case it is involved in a collision . In incidents leading to

1748-526: The power specifically of the Minister of Transport to provide exemptions to responsibilities under the Act if the minister judges that the deviation will enhance safety or environmental protection. For example, in 2024, the Minister restricted heavy fuel from being carried in transit through Canada's arctic waters. The Minister of Transport is authorized to designate inspectors, and require ships to undertake inspections of ship and cargo, and obligate shipping companies to maintain documents. The Act establishes

1794-524: The private aviation sector because NAV CANADA began charging for services that were previously funded through a specific tax on aviation gasoline. The specific tax remains but separate charges are levied by NAV CANADA. In 2005, the United States was discussing a similar delegation of the FAA's air traffic services to an "arm's-length" government corporation. During the 1990s, Transport Canada also began privatizing

1840-503: The regime for registration of ships, ship naming, requirements for maintaining records, and for displaying ships markings. The Act establishes a regime for ship's crews, establishing authority of ship's masters over management and discipline of ship's crews, as well as giving ship's crews authority over passengers. The Act furthermore gives authority of the ship's master over stowaways equivalent to that of crew. The Act also creates an obligation for physicians or optometrists to report to

1886-545: The registration and operation of ships and pleasure craft , including personnel and navigation. The Act also establishes the legal regime that governs naval accidents in Canada's waters, as well as marine pollution of any seafaring vessels. The Act was amended in 2019, and sees regular amendment. At Confederation , the federal government was generally understood by both the British and Canadian governments as not having direct authority over shipping matters, instead deferring to

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1932-509: The safety certification and continuous safety oversight of most forms of commercial operations. These responsibilities are carried out by 6 regions, Atlantic, Quebec, Ontario, Prairie & Northern, Pacific and the sixth region based in Ottawa ( National Capital Region ) is responsible for air operators operating international flights and certain types of large aeroplanes. The Canadian Aviation Regulations (CARs) are also under Transport Canada control. The Canadian Air Transport Security Authority

1978-622: Was a response to the Rail Freight Service Review's Final Report. Transport Canada is responsible for the waterways inside and surrounding Canada. These responsibilities include: As of 2003 the Office of Boating Safety and the Navigable Waters Protection Program were transferred back to Transport Canada. As was certain regulatory aspects of Emergency Response (Oil pollution) Transport Canada Marine Safety (TCMS)

2024-523: Was alleged to have fraudulently charged expenses to the non-existent Mackenzie Valley Pipeline project. This story came to light after repeated efforts by access to information expert Ken Rubin, and repeated denials by the department that the incriminating documents existed or that any impropriety had occurred. Transport Canada was criticized in 2008 for its refusal to approve electric cars manufactured in Canada. In 2017, Transport Canada proposed regulations for drones that were widely criticized. As

2070-489: Was found by a journalism student. The memory stick contained many documents showing efforts by security inspectors to enforce aviation security regulations, and the perceived failure of management to do so. The CBC report also detailed the alleged reprisals — and fear of reprisals — against whistleblowers and other employees. Transport Canada's move to Safety Management Systems (SMS) in its regulation of civil aviation has been criticised. Whistleblower Hugh Danford,

2116-465: Was transferred from the Civil Aviation Branch of the Department of National Defence . Based in Ottawa, the Directorate has regional offices across Canada in geographical regions: Prior to 1990, Transport Canada was responsible for aircraft incident investigation through: After 1990, the role was transferred over to Transportation Safety Board of Canada . As of February 2023, Transport Canada lists

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