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29-426: Known as Saint-Pierre of Darnetal , Saint-Pierre-sous-Caen, Saint-Pierre-du-Châtel, Saint-Pierre-en-Rive , this church, often mistakenly called by the tourists "the cathedral ", as it was the largest religious building of Bourg-le-Roi; special care was therefore given to its development. The construction of the present building took place between the early 13th and the 16th centuries. It was in this church that during

58-425: A monogram in front, "Maximianus ep.", which gave it its name. The identity of the bishop is given by the 1908 Catholic Encyclopedia as Maximianus of Constantinople (d. 431), considered as more likely than Maximianus of Ravenna (d. 556). The Chair of St. Augustine represents one of the most ancient extant cathedrae in use. Named after the first Archbishop of Canterbury , St. Augustine of Canterbury , it

87-541: A monument to display this relic in a triumphant manner. Bernini's gilded bronze throne, richly ornamented with bas-reliefs , encloses the relic. On January 17, 1666, it was solemnly set above the altar of Saint Peter's Basilica in Vatican City . Greater than life-sized sculptures of four Doctors of the Church form an honour guard: St. Ambrose and St. Athanasius on the left, and St. John Chrysostom and St. Augustine on

116-612: Is also used of the town where the cathedral or the bishop's residence is located. Within Catholicism, each diocese is considered to be a see unto itself with a certain allegiance to the See of Rome. The idea of a see as a sovereign entity is somewhat complicated due to the existence of the twenty-three Particular Eastern Catholic Churches . Both the Western Church and its Eastern Catholic counterparts reserve some level of autonomy, yet each also

145-486: Is made of Purbeck Marble or Bethesda marble and dates to sometime between the 6th and 12th centuries. Those who argue for an older date suggest that it may have been used to crown the kings of Kent . Canterbury Cathedral , in which the cathedra is housed, maintains that the chair was once part of the furnishings of the shrine of St. Thomas Becket , since dismantled. Since the Middle Ages, it has always been used in

174-450: Is provided for the bishop in the nave of the church: An orlets is usually placed at both the high place and the throne in the nave. An orlets is usually kept permanently on the Russian kafedra , even when the chair is removed; the orlets is, however, removed when a deacon stands on the kafedra to read the gospel. Episcopal see An episcopal see is, in a practical use of

203-629: Is subdivided into smaller sees (dioceses and archdioceses). The episcopal see of the Pope , the Bishop of Rome, is known as "the Holy See " or "the Apostolic See ", claiming papal supremacy . The Eastern Orthodox Church views all bishops as sacramentally equal, and in principle holding equal authority, each over his own see. Certain bishops may be granted additional administrative duties over wider regions (as in

232-450: Is the subject of a classification as historical monument by the list of 1840. 49°11′3″N 0°21′39″W  /  49.18417°N 0.36083°W  / 49.18417; -0.36083 Cathedra A cathedra is the raised throne of a bishop in the early Christian   basilica . When used with this meaning, it may also be called the bishop's throne . With time, the related term cathedral became synonymous with

261-584: The Latin word for "armchair", itself derived from the Greek (καθέδρα). After the 4th century, the term's Roman connotations of authority reserved for the Emperor were adopted by bishops. It is closely related to the etymology of the word chair . The term appears in early Christian literature in the phrase cathedrae apostolorum , indicating authority derived directly from the apostles . The doctrine of papal infallibility,

290-526: The Roman Catholic Church since the Second Vatican Council , the altar is often free-standing. The cathedra in cathedrals built or renovated after Vatican II is sometimes placed behind the altar, as in ancient Roman basilicas. In Anglican practice, the cathedra tends to be placed to one side in the choir , although in more contemporary practice, it is commonly placed on the gospel side of

319-410: The chancel (i.e., to the left of the altar, as one looks at it from the front). Eastern Orthodox and Byzantine Rite Catholic churches have a throne for the bishop in the apse behind the holy table , with seats for the priests (Greek: synthranon ) arranged to either side. This location is referred to as the " high place " and represents the presence of Christ presiding over the services, even when

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348-677: The "seat", or principal church, of a bishopric . The word in modern languages derives from a normal Greek word καθέδρα [ kathédra ], meaning "seat", with no special religious connotations, and the Latin cathedra , specifically a chair with arms. It is a symbol of the bishop's teaching authority in the Catholic Church , the Orthodox Church , and the Anglican Communion churches. The English word "cathedra", plural cathedrae, comes from

377-610: The Annual Conference's largest, or sometimes most centrally located, city. Annual Conferences are the regional bodies which are the fundamental basic bodies of which the United Methodist Global Connection is composed. Annual Conferences are responsible for many matters, including the approval, election and ordination of clergy, who then become members of the Annual Conference in which they are elected and ordained and – with some exceptions – serve within

406-486: The Latin phrase ex cathedra (literally, "from the chair") was proclaimed at the First Vatican Council by Pius IX in 1870 as meaning "when, in the exercise of his office as shepherd and teacher of all Christians, in virtue of his supreme apostolic authority, the Bishop of Rome defines a doctrine concerning faith or morals to be held by the whole Church." Tertullian ( c.  155  – c.  240? )

435-678: The Middle Ages the main public ceremonies took place. For example, when Henri IV abjured the Protestant religion, putting an end to religious wars, it was in St Peter's Church that the Te Deum was sung in the presence of the civil and religious representatives of the whole city. The spire of the church was destroyed on 9 July 1944 by a shell fired at German forces from the Royal Navy battleship HMS Rodney , and has since been rebuilt. The eastern apse of

464-508: The altar, near the wall of the apse . It had been the position of the magistrate in the apse of the Roman basilica , which provided the model type—and sometimes were adapted as the structures—for early Christian basilicas. In the Middle Ages , as altars came to be placed against the wall of the apse, the practice of placing the cathedra to one side (mostly left) became standard. In

493-511: The bishop is not present and therefore an icon of Christ is often placed above the bishop's throne. The bishop ascends to the high place only during the divine liturgy , at the Trisagion . For this reason, the consecration of a bishop takes place at the Trisagion, so that he may ascend to the high place for the first time as a bishop during the liturgy at which he is consecrated. Another throne

522-516: The bounds of for the tenure of their ministries. United Methodist Bishops are elected in larger regional conclaves every four years which are known as Jurisdictional Conferences . These super-regional Jurisdictional Conferences comprise an equal number of lay and clergy delegates from each Annual Conference, each delegation determined by the size of the Annual Conference, within the Jurisdiction, and new bishops are elected and consecrated from among

551-444: The church was built by Hector Sohier between 1518 and 1545. The interior choir and the exterior apse display an architecture that embodies the transition from Gothic to Renaissance. It ceased to be a church building on November 20, 1793, and became a Temple of Reason , and was from 1793 to 1795 used as a venue for the ' Culte de l'Être supreme ', after which it was used for Catholic worship from June 4, 1795, to 1933. Until around

580-536: The clergy of the Jurisdiction's Annual Conferences. These bishops who are elected for life, are then sent to lead the various Annual Conferences of the Jurisdiction. Episcopal candidates are usually – although not always – the first clergy delegate elected from a particular Annual Conference. Each bishop is assigned to and leads for four year terms an Episcopal area, or see, of each Annual Conference. An Episcopal area can also comprise more than one Annual Conference when two smaller Annual Conferences agree to share

609-624: The constellations, was venerated as the episcopal chair of St. Peter . It is a Byzantine throne with framed fragments of acacia wood, encased in the oak carcass and reinforced with iron bands. It was long believed to have been used by the Apostle Saint Peter , but the Holy See recognises that the chair was a gift from Holy Roman Emperor Charles the Bald to Pope John VIII in 875. Several rings facilitated its transportation during processions. Pope Alexander VII commissioned Bernini to build

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638-507: The earliest symbol of the bishop's authority. This symbolic chair is also known as the bishop's cathedra . The church in which it is placed is for that reason called the bishop's cathedral , from Latin ecclesia cathedralis , meaning the 'church of the cathedra '. The word throne is also used, especially in the Eastern Orthodox Church , both for the chair and for the area of ecclesiastical jurisdiction. The term see

667-518: The idea of the Pentarchy ), but these powers are limited and never extend over the entire Church. Thus, the Eastern Orthodox oppose the idea of papal supremacy or any similar supremacy by any one bishop. The United Methodist Church is divided into Annual Conferences , each one of which is presided over by a resident bishop, who is bishop of a named Episcopal Area , or See city. This is usually

696-552: The mid-19th century, the eastern end of the church faced onto a canal that was then covered and replaced by a road. Various artists and engravers recorded this relation of the church to the canal; for instance, the Scottish painter David Roberts made several very similar views, one of which (dated to c. 1830) is in Musée des Beaux-Arts in the Château de Caen (Caen Castle). This church building

725-400: The phrase, the area of a bishop 's ecclesiastical jurisdiction . Phrases concerning actions occurring within or outside an episcopal see are indicative of the geographical significance of the term, making it synonymous with diocese . The word see is derived from Latin sedes , which in its original or proper sense denotes the seat or chair that, in the case of a bishop, is

754-661: The right. Celebrated on February 22 in accordance with the calendar of saints , the Feast of Cathedra Petri (the Feast of the Chair of Peter the Apostle) honours the founding of the church in Rome and gives thanks for the work of Saint Peter. A fifth- or sixth-century bishop's throne decorated with elaborate ivory carving is preserved in the sacristy of the cathedral at Ravenna . It bears

783-565: The term cathedral to point out the existence of a bishop in each local church , in the heart of ecclesial apostolicity . The definitive example of a cathedra is that encased within the Triumph of the cathedra Petri designed by Gian Lorenzo Bernini in 1657, and completed and installed in St Peter's Rome in 1666. As early as the 8th century, an ancient wooden chair overlaid with ivory plaques depicting The Twelve Labours of Heracles and some of

812-496: The triple enthronement of an Archbishop of Canterbury. He is seated on the throne in the quire as Diocesan Bishop, in the chapter house as titular abbot , and in St. Augustine's chair as Primate of All England . This is the only occasion in which the cathedra is used. A second cathedra is used for other occasions at which the archbishop is present. The early Christian bishop's throne, or cathedra , stood in an elevated position behind

841-531: Was the first to use cathedra in the meaning of a bishop's see . Eventually, the main church of a diocese , used as the primary church by its bishop, received the title ' cathedral '. The cathedral is literally the church into which a bishop's official cathedra is installed. The Joint International Commission for Theological Dialogue Between the Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church makes use of

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