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48-454: Sainamaina Municipality is located on the northern border of the Rupandehi district between the 16 local bodies under the ancient Kapilbastu state, which represented the historical heritage in ancient times. After the formal declaration of Nepal as a federal republic country on 28th May 2008 (Jestha 15 2065 BS), Sainamaina was restructured as one of the 72 municipalities on 20 Baisakh, 2071, having

96-495: A high place in ancient times. The name of the place is Yog Danda and the presence of many idols of Padamapani Lokeshvara in yoga and meditation postures around here declares that this place must be the sacred place of Padamapani . Padmapani Bodhisattva was the founder of the Vajrayana sect. That is why he encouraged Yoga Sadhana. In Vajrayana , two worlds are imagined. The visible and invisible world. Ordinary people can easily see

144-567: A large economic potential for the development of the region. The private commerce and trade in Butwal are united under the umbrella of the Butwal Chamber of Commerce & Industry (BuCCI). Audhyogig Byapar Mela-Butwal is an industrial exhibition held in Butwal. This exhibition is organized annually in the month of Poush (generally December–January) and is one of the largest of its kind in Nepal. Butwal

192-518: A row are seen elsewhere. The statue of [[Dhyani Buddha[[ (meditative Buddha) found at this place is currently kept in Lumbini. The remains of a wheel-shaped brick well are seen in the middle of the water in the mainstream where the Bauraha River is currently flowing. In the forest of this area, many layers of artifacts are scattered. The plane area located on the north side of Bauraha River near Jogidanda

240-449: A row. Geographically, Butwal is at the intersection of Nepal's two different National Highways, Mahendra Highway and Siddhartha Highway . It connects western Nepal with the capital Kathmandu through the highway and air links (via Gautam Buddha International Airport at Siddharthanagar ). The city stands beside the bank of Tinau River, and at the northern edge of the Terai plain below

288-518: A ruin near Jogidanda. Around that place, he saw trenches being dug in 3 places where a Buddha’s statue of Bhumisparsha Mudra (Earth Witness Gesture) was found in a dug pit which is currently kept in the Lumbini Museum . Similarly, in the second pit about 25 feet to the north, he found a stone pillar inscribed “Jaimla Debya 1261”. It is also currently preserved in the Lumbini Museum. Likewise, from

336-404: A total area of 162.18 square km. To the east of this municipality is Butwal Sub-metropolitan City, to the west are Kanchan Rural Municipality and Banganga Municipality of Kapilbastu, to the north are Shitganga Municipality of Arghakhanchi and Chhahara Rural Municipality and Tinau Rural Municipality of Palpa lie in its four boarders. Nepal's only east-west connecting Mahendra highway extends through

384-570: A traditional form of the market called Haat Bazar similar to greengrocer runs twice a week on Wednesdays and Saturdays. It has the second largest vegetable market in the country called Butwal Sabji Mandi in local terms. All kinds of traders, farmers, and entrepreneurs sell goods and vegetables directly to retail & wholesale customers in a busy market setup. Service aspects of the economy are mainly centered on banking, education, transportation, and health sectors. Thus, increasing numbers of people are involved in these sectors for their jobs. Butwal

432-403: Is 91,733 (census 2015 AD), according to the present stage the population is rapidly increasing with around 150,000 and above and consists of people of mixed groups and castes; these include Pahari immigrants from nearby hill districts especially Palpa , Arghakhanchi , Parbat , Gulmi , Syangja and also local people from Terai origin.l The population distribution in different wards in 2011

480-573: Is a Buddhist scripture collection , the second of the five Nikāyas , or collections, in the Sutta Piṭaka , which is one of the "three baskets" that compose the Pali Tipitaka (lit. "Three Baskets") of Theravada Buddhism . It was composed between 3rd century BCE and 2nd century CE. This nikaya consists of 152 discourses attributed to the Buddha and his chief disciples. The Majjhima Nikaya corresponds to

528-484: Is a relatively newly urbanized area, emerging and growing rapidly only since 1960 AD. With the completion of the Siddhartha Highway ( [REDACTED] H10 ) in 1968 AD, starting from the border at Sunauli through Butwal to Pokhara and then in1990s Mahendra Highway ( [REDACTED] H01 ) across the full east–west expanse of Nepal's Terai . Butwal has made tremendous progress in the country. The population of Butwal

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576-500: Is also a connecting city between nearby tourist towns of Tansen , Kapilvastu , and Lumbini . It is the gateway to nearby cities of Sunwal , Pokhara , and Bharatpur . It is also a busy land route to enter Nepal from India for tourists and others. Thus, Butwal is witnessing huge investments in the hospitality sector as well. To boost up tourism and MICE opportunities, the government plans to set up an international conference center at Ramnagar in Butwal. All these developments hint towards

624-489: Is an area with temples of many gods. The Chinese traveler Faxian in 403 AD and the Chinese traveler Xuanzang in 626 AD visited Kapilvastu passing through here. The map of Sinamaina prepared by the researcher P.C. Mukherjee shows that there are 3 cities in this area. Murdhani section is an important part of the ancient Sainamaina. It was first excavated by Khadga Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana , the ruler of Palpa. His excavation report

672-481: Is home to Lumbini Provincial Hospital , one of the oldest hospitals in this region, which is considered a crucial resource for healthcare to poor citizens who cannot afford private hospitals. Originally established by Chandra Sumsher , the present hospital came in operation in 2020 BS (1963-1964) with 50 beds. Patients from far-western regions and hilly regions to the north including Palpa , Gulmi , Arghakhanchi come to seek specialized care at different hospitals in

720-449: Is in the east of the local Bauraha river. Its geographical structure has been eroded by the river every year, so it is seen that its historical significance is being destroyed. Artifacts that were carried to different places due to river erosion were collected and kept in different public places. Various building structures made of bricks are found to be covered around it. Inside the forest in its premises, ruins of brick structures arranged in

768-514: Is known as the small plate. It is currently located in the Charpala community forest area in Ward No. 12 of Butwal sub-metropolitan city. In this area, where there is a dense saal forest, the broken parts of the statues are seen scattered elsewhere. Brick fragments can also be seen in the same condition. The structure located on some upper terrain of a small plate area is called a large plate. Because of

816-831: The Madhyama Āgama found in the Sutra Piṭakas of various Sanskritic early Buddhist schools, fragments of which survive in Sanskrit and in Tibetan translation. A complete Chinese translation from the Sarvāstivādin recension appears in the Chinese Buddhist canon , where it is known as the Zhōng Ahánjīng (中阿含經). The Madhyama Āgama of the Sarvāstivāda school contains 222 sūtras, in contrast to

864-560: The Siddhartha Highway in West Nepal with a total urban agglomerated population of 4,74,541. It is one of the fastest-growing cities in Nepal for health, education, construction, communication, trade, and banking sectors. It has highway connections to the Indian border at Sunauli and to the hilly towns in Tansen and Pokhara valley, and holds the title of being "The Best City in Nepal" five times in

912-554: The Siwalik Hills . Its name, Butwal was derived from Batauli Bazaar , the town's oldest residential area which is located on the western bank of the Tinau River. Butwal was officially declared as a sub-metropolitan city on 2 December 2014 AD by combining two neighboring VDCs Motipur and Semlar . The city is currently headed by Nepali Congress leader Khel Raj Pandey. Fossils of ancient hominoids Ramapithecus were found near

960-556: The Tinau (Tilottama) River, also known as paari Butwal, as early as 1932, including a 10.1-million-year-old tooth. In medieval time Butwal was known as Khasauli as it was believed to be established by Khas king. Later after the collapse of the Khasa empire it was ruled by the Sen kings of Palpa when it developed as a trading point between hilly people and plain people. In the 17th century Palpa with Butwal

1008-705: The 152 suttas in the Pāli Majjhima Nikāya. Bhikkhu Bodhi in the introduction to his translation describes the collection as follows: If the Majjhima Nikāya were to be characterised by a single phrase to distinguish it from among the other books of the Pali Canon, this might be done by describing it as the collection that combines the richest variety of contextual settings with the deepest and most comprehensive assortment of teachings. The 152 discourses come in three parts each with five divisions. All divisions save

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1056-483: The Bouraha region. The images found in this area are in meditation, yoga and sadhana postures. Based on this, it can be claimed that this area is the ashram site of Padamapani Bodhisattva as well as a well-developed settlement area in ancient times. The ruins of an ancient well are seen in the middle of the Bauraha River. Yoga Danda (currently known as Jogidanda) seems to have been a place for practicing yoga and meditation at

1104-675: The British East India Company annexed Awadh from its hereditary rulers while the Shah Dynasty attempted to annex the Terai , Butwal became one of the bones of contention leading to the Gurkha War 1814–16 AD. When King Tribhuvan fled to India in 1950 during the revolt against the Rana dynasty he traveled through Butwal. Then it was little more than a village on the western bank of Tilottama River (also known as Tinau ). Butwal

1152-466: The ancient houses of the ancient city. Thus, Rani Begum hid with her army and mena, hence the name of this place came to be Sainamaina. During the study of the Buddhist area, German archaeologist Anton Führer came to Sanmaina in 1986. He has mentioned Sainamaina as the place where Koṇāgamana Buddha died. Likewise, P.C. Mukherjee visited Saina Maina in 1999. While walking north from Vanakatta, he came across

1200-485: The attractive and lovely Pushkarini in Samgam." Acharya Buddhaghosh has mentioned the argument that the name of this place was named Samgam and this word became Sainamaina due to the production of sama or sawn paddy in this place/village. Dr. Gitu Giri, a cultural expert who has done detailed research on Sainamaina, has also said that the ancient Samgam became Sainamaina over time. A local resident named Hema Thapa said that there

1248-494: The capital Kathmandu, the bus services are also frequently available to other major cities of Pokhara , Dharan , Kakarbhitta , Janakpur , Birgunj , Hetauda , Bharatpur , Tansen , Siddharthanagar , Dang , Nepalgunj , Dhangadi , and Mahendranagar . Butwal is set to be an educational hub in the Rupandehi district. The literacy rate in the city is considered to be high. It has held the record for Nepal Top students in SLC as well as

1296-576: The city. This city dominates any other city in terms of the number of bus services in Nepal. Until 2003, most of the fleet was older large buses; since then operators have added newer minibuses popularly called micro . Older jeeps are used to take people to nearby hilly regions. Rickshaws are used for short-distance urban transport. Motorcycles are a common means of personal transportation around town. The number registered has increased from 1,200 in 1999 to 80,000 in 2008. Nearly 100 buses depart everyday to Kathmandu from Butwal Bus Terminal. Besides

1344-465: The deity on special occasions. Although there is no information about what exactly was in this place due to the lack of research, local experts say that there may have been a palace here in ancient times and its remains may have been in the form of a mound since it was destroyed later. It is an ancient well that lies currently in Sainamaina ward number 1. It is believed that its name is Ranikuwa because it

1392-542: The excavation, he found a statue of Mayadevi holding the child Buddha and also found a statue of Gautama Buddha. He has also mentioned in his article that Siddhartha Gautam was brought Sainamaina after his birth. On the south side of it, there is a shrine of the Jogi deity and a Maulo (sacred wooden pillar) has been erected where local inhabitants used to perform Durga Puja on the Ashtami of Dashain by offering sacrifices to this Maulo and

1440-431: The flattery land structure, it is also called a plateau. Here too, statues and structures of various shapes and sizes are seen in different places. In some parts, well-structured ruins of stone and brick can be seen. Based on the structures seen in this place, which is currently turned into a dense Saal Forest, it can be assumed that this place was also a large and prosperous settlement area in ancient times. Here too, like in

1488-420: The idols here. But a few years ago, Buddhist monks visited and requested not to offer sacrifices here as it is a place associated with Buddha due to which offering sacrifices has been stopped since then. In the surrounding area, the various artifacts of the plateau are in an unprotected state, covered with shrubs. Sansari Mai's temple has been built on the mound towards the north. Where the local inhabitants worship

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1536-701: The middle of this municipality, so anyone interested in visiting this place has an easy access facility. Within this municipality territory, the Sainamaina area's boundary, where there are ancient Buddhist sites, is from Awadi in the Sorauli area to the head of the Bauraha River in the south and the northern part of the Mahendra Highway. It is a very important place from the point of view of archeology, history and culture. Historical facts, records and folklore can be found based on how this place came to be known as Sinamaina. Different historians have different opinions regarding

1584-480: The name Samagama must have been kept after this fact. The name Sainamaina also has a third context. According to Dr. Gitu Giri, there is a legend that Gautama Buddha's mother Mahamayadevi ( Mayadevi ) had made best friend (saina) to a beautiful girl named Maina who lived in this area at that time. So, the name of this area remained Saina Maina. An inscription of 1352 BS with the name of the Malla king Punyadeva of Karnali

1632-674: The origin of the word 'Sainamaina', representing an important history story. 'Samagama' village is mentioned in the Pāsādika Sutta of the Dīgha Nikāya of the Sutta Piṭaka. Gautama Buddha gave the sermon of the Sāmagāma sutta of Majjhima Nikaya at this place Sāmagāma. It is mentioned in the Anguttara Nikaya: "Padmapushpa bloomed on

1680-622: The penultimate contain 10 discourses. Butwal Butwal ( Nepali : बुटवल ), officially Butwal Sub-Metropolitan City ( Nepali : बुटवल उपमहानगरपालिका ),previously known as Khasyauli (Nepali: खस्यौली ), is a sub-metropolitan city and economic hub in Lumbini Province in West Nepal. Butwal has a city population of 195,054 as per the 2021 AD Nepal census. The city is one of the tetra-cities of rapidly growing Butwal- Tilottama - Bhairahawa - Devdaha urban agglomeration primarily based on

1728-429: The place where his ashram used to be. It can be assumed that this medical center will make the contribution of Padamapani immortalized as well as make a significant contribution to the preservation of this historically important place. Dr. Bishnu Prasad Ghimire has mentioned that there is an inscription of the medieval period found here written 'Om Mani Padme Hum', while scholar Purandas Manandhar has said that this area

1776-530: The population in the district spoke Nepali , 8% Magar , 5% Tharu ,5% Newari , and 9% spoke other languages as their first language. Butwal is mostly a commercial and trading city, an upcoming link city for the nearby tourist spots. The GDP of Butwal was about US$ 1 billion in 2018, making it one of the major cities in Nepal. The economy of Butwal centers around trade, services, and industries. The old trading spots are Traffic Chowk, BP Chowk, Amarpath, Raj Margh Chaurah, and Nepalgunj Road. Besides modern shopping,

1824-485: The rulers used it for drinking water in ancient times. Looking at the structure of the well, it is seen that the circular well is constructed in a geometric pattern. On the north side of the well complex, a museum has been built where statues of various deities including the Padamapani Bodhisattva and script inscriptions are kept. Yogi Danda is another place of Sainamaina's archeological significance. This place

1872-495: The small plate area, trenches are dug in on unauthorized manner. Similarly, pieces of kit are found around the iron mining area in abundance around here. Due to this, it can be assumed that there must have a large iron factory in this area in the past. It is assumed that this area was the hermitage of Padmapani in the past as many statues of Padamapani Lokeshvara were found around Bauraha river. Dr. Gitu Guri has stated that Bodhisattva Padamapani has advanced Buddhist philosophy in

1920-490: The third site he excavated, found a statue of Buddha along with a lion on an elephant and a man riding on it, is not currently available anywhere. The following are the archeological sites found within Sinamaina area: An ancient mound is located at Murdhani, in Ward No. 1 on the northern border of the municipality, which is currently covered with various kinds of weeds. In the course of conversation with some local residents, it

1968-405: The visible world, but to see the invisible world, requires Sadhana and Siddhi. Padamapani Bodhisattva along with his disciple Gorakhnath established Hatha Yoga Vidyapith. He stayed in this ashram and conducted yoga sadhana for human welfare. Therefore, to appreciate his invaluable contribution, the general public of the Sainamaina area has established Padamapani Yoga and Natural Medicine Center at

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2016-493: Was a well where the queen used to drink water in ancient times. Compared to the Murdhani mound, it has been preserved by building a compound. Water can still be seen in the middle of the old structure of the well, which is built with large stones. Another archaeological heritage with a living history of this region is the large well (Thulokuwa). It is also known as Raja Kuwa. It is supposed that its name may have been Rajakuwa because

2064-525: Was a wetland area near Ranikuwa and red and white colors of lotus flowers used to bloom there, but now a settlement has been developed in this entire area. Based on this, it can be believed that this is the place where Padma Pushpa is said to have blossomed in Pushkarini, as mentioned in Aṅguttara Nikāya. Buddhaghosa (MA.ii.829) had mentioned that samak rice used to be well grown in this gama (village), thus

2112-645: Was annexed by Gorkha Empire. Butwal was also a place where a major battle of the Anglo-Nepalese war was fought i.e. Battle of Jitgadi Fort where the Gorkha army led by Ujir Singh Thapa beat the British forces. The area was a loose settlement that acted as a trading post between the hilly districts of the Lumbini zone and the Indian plains. Thus, historically Butwal connected Nepali Pahari people with their Indian neighbors. As

2160-582: Was as follows: Caste and Ethnic groups in Butwal The largest single caste and ethnic groups in butwal is Hill Brahman , who makes 30% of the population, Magar with 19% comes to second place, Other ethnic groups in pokhara includes the Chhetri (14%), Newar (8%), Tharu (7%), and others various ethnic groups makes(23%) of the population. Languages in Butwal At the time of the 2011 Census of Nepal, 73% of

2208-517: Was found on the west of the current Bauraha river, which suggests that even after the end of the Shakya Republic of Kapilvastu, Padmapani Bodhisattva promoted Buddhism in this Sainamaina area. Historian Dr. Bishnu Prasad Ghimire states, "When there was a military revolt in India in 1857, Rani Begum of Lucknow ran away with her Sena (Army Guard) and Maina (Mena Porter) and came to this place and hid in

2256-401: Was learned that this mound was previously circular and huge, but over the course of time, it has reduced down to its current small size. Murdhani section is an important section of ancient Sinamaina. It was first excavated by Khadga Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana, the ruler of Palpa. His excavation report was published in 1904. The hole he had dug in plus sign during excavation is still there. During

2304-428: Was published in 1904. The hole he dug at the plus sign for excavation at that time is still seen. During the excavation, he had found a statue of Mayadevi holding the child Buddha and also found a statue of Gautama Buddha. He had also mentioned in his article that after the birth of Buddha, was brought here to Sainamaina. Majjhima Nikaya The Majjhima Nikāya ("Collection of Middle-length Discourses")

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