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51-581: Saicourt is first mentioned in 1262 as Zacurt . Bellelay Abbey was established in the nearby Bellelay valley in 1140. The Abbey owned land and rights in the village of Saicourt for most of its history. However, both Saicourt and Le Fuet belonged to the provost of Moutier-Grandval under the Prince-Bishop of Basel . After the 1798 French invasion , the Abbey was secularized and Saicourt became an independent political municipality. The municipality became part of

102-672: A clinic. In the 2011 federal election the most popular party was the Swiss People's Party (SVP) which received 42.3% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the Social Democratic Party (SP) (15.3%), the Conservative Democratic Party (BDP) (10.7%) and another local party (8.2%). In the federal election, a total of 184 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 40.3%. As of  2011, Saicourt had an unemployment rate of 1.04%. As of 2008, there were

153-557: A married resident, with two children, of Saicourt making 150,000 CHF was 13.4%, while an unmarried resident's rate was 19.7%. For comparison, the rate for the entire canton in the same year, was 14.2% and 22.0%, while the nationwide rate was 12.3% and 21.1% respectively. In 2009 there were a total of 247 tax payers in the municipality. Of that total, 70 made over 75,000 CHF per year. There were 2 people who made between 15,000 and 20,000 per year. The greatest number of workers, 78, made between 50,000 and 75,000 CHF per year. The average income of

204-441: A new church building was dedicated in 1714. The monastery university opened in 1772 and by 1779 it had 62 pupils from throughout Europe. A new dormitory wing was added in 1782 to accommodate the growing student population and by 1797 there were about 100 students at Bellelay. In 1797 the buildings were occupied by French troops and secularised. The precious furnishings were sold at this time – an altar from Bellelay, for example,

255-420: A population (as of December 2020) of 645. As of 2010, 3.7% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (2001-2011) the population has changed at a rate of 1.7%. Migration accounted for 1.3%, while births and deaths accounted for 0.3%. Most of the population (as of 2000) speaks French (565 or 84.0%) as their first language, German is the second most common (85 or 12.6%) and Italian

306-463: A protection contract agreed with Bern and Solothurn (by 1414 at the latest) and also with Biel in 1516. Although the abbot had the right of the low justice in the abbey's immediate territory, and was awarded the right to the use of the ring, the mitre and the cross at the Council of Constance in 1414, it does not seem that Bellelay was ever an Imperial abbey . The buildings were ransacked during

357-417: A total of 225 apartments (78.7% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 42 apartments (14.7%) were seasonally occupied and 19 apartments (6.6%) were empty. The vacancy rate for the municipality, in 2012, was 2.54%. In 2011, single family homes made up 60.2% of the total housing in the municipality. The historical population is given in the following chart: The Former Premonstratensian Bellelay Abbey

408-468: A total of 452 people employed in the municipality. Of these, there were 45 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 19 businesses involved in this sector. 17 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 4 businesses in this sector. 390 people were employed in the tertiary sector , with 17 businesses in this sector. There were 321 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 45.8% of

459-402: A total of 82 students. There were 3.7% who were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 17.1% have a different mother language than the classroom language. As of  2000, there were a total of 144 students attending any school in the municipality. Of those, 88 both lived and attended school in the municipality, while 56 students came from another municipality. During

510-691: A variety of scales (Averbode Abbey, Berne Abbey, United States , Australia ). In order to support themselves, the different communities have down the centuries, and in modern times, operated small-scale manual activities (SME) such as printing ( Averbode Abbey , Tongerlo Abbey , Berne Abbey ), farming ( Kinshasa , Ireland , Postel Abbey ), forestry ( Schlägl Abbey , Geras Abbey , Slovakia ), and cheese-making (Postel Abbey). They have also entered agreements with breweries (Tongerlo Abbey, Postel Abbey, Park Abbey, Leffe , Grimbergen ) and undertaken artistic bookbinding (in Oosterhout ). Other activities have included

561-530: Is St. Norbert College, the only Norbertine higher education institution in the world. The Order has several abbeys of women who, though technically called canonesses, follow the life of an enclosed religious order and are therefore more commonly termed Norbertine nuns . Like the Norbertine communities for men, those for women are autonomous. Unusually, within the religious communities of the Catholic Church ,

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612-512: Is a religious order of canons regular of the Catholic Church founded in Prémontré near Laon in 1120 by Norbert of Xanten , who later became Archbishop of Magdeburg . Premonstratensians are designated by OPraem ( Ordo Praemonstratensis ) following their name. Norbert was a friend of Bernard of Clairvaux and was largely influenced by the Cistercian ideals as to both the manner of life and

663-428: Is common for a foundation of canonesses to have links not only with other canonesses, but also with a community of canons. The Premonstratensians were among the religious orders with their own rite who kept this rite after Pope Pius V suppressed such rites with a continuous tradition of less than two hundred years. The Premonstratensian Rite was especially characterized by a ritual solemnity. The Premonstratensian Rite

714-456: Is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend additional schooling or they may enter an apprenticeship . During the 2011-12 school year, there were a total of 132 students attending classes in Saicourt. There was one kindergarten class with a total of 10 students in

765-532: Is listed as a Swiss heritage site of national significance . The entire former Abbey complex is part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites . The Abbey church is the second largest church of the canton. The monks of the abbey invented the famous cheese “ Tête de Moine ”. The psychiatric clinic of Bellelay is located in Saicourt. It was founded in 1891 when the Canton of Bern acquired Bellelay Abbey and converted it into

816-590: Is now to be found in the parish church of Our Lady of the Assumption in Saignelégier . In the 19th century the monastery premises were used as a watch factory, then as a brewery and finally as a glass factory. In 1890 the Canton of Bern acquired the site, from which time the monastery buildings have been used as a psychiatric clinic. Since the end of the 1960s the premises have also been used for concerts and exhibitions by

867-565: Is the only institution of higher education sponsored by the Order. Elsewhere they also sponsor/operate schools or serve in pastoral care capacities at parish schools. Schools founded or sponsored by the order include: Northern Ireland 's Historical Abuse Inquiry investigated reports that Brendan Smyth , a member of the Norbertine Order, was allowed to continue paedophilia for more than four decades, even after Smyth himself had admitted in 1994,

918-649: Is the third (10 or 1.5%). As of 2008, the population was 51.4% male and 48.6% female. The population was made up of 287 Swiss men (48.4% of the population) and 18 (3.0%) non-Swiss men. There were 284 Swiss women (47.9%) and 4 (0.7%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 219 or about 32.5% were born in Saicourt and lived there in 2000. There were 214 or 31.8% who were born in the same canton, while 102 or 15.2% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 53 or 7.9% were born outside of Switzerland. As of 2011, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 25.5% of

969-430: Is used for agricultural purposes, while 6.89 km (2.66 sq mi) or 50.0% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 0.6 km (0.23 sq mi) or 4.4% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.02 km (4.9 acres) or 0.1% is either rivers or lakes and 0.12 km (30 acres) or 0.9% is unproductive land. During the same year, housing and buildings made up 2.2% and transportation infrastructure made up 1.5%. Out of

1020-645: The Fondation de l'Abbatiale de Bellelay . The present structure of the abbey church of the Assumption was built by Franz Beer on the Vorarlberg Baroque model between 1708 and 1714. The church has two towers on the west front which formerly had onion domes . The interior is decorated with painted stucco by the Wessobrunn School , created in 1713. The other monastery buildings in the Baroque style are also from

1071-581: The Swabian War in 1499. During the Protestant Reformation some of the residents converted to the new faith. However, thanks to the treaty with Solothurn the monastery was spared the effects of the Thirty Years' War . The abbey reached its golden age in the 18th century as a renowned place of education for the sons of European nobility. During the 18th century the monastery buildings were rebuilt and

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1122-513: The Vulgar Latin bella lagia ("beautiful forest"). The abbey possessed various estates widely scattered. It was the mother-house of several other foundations, including Grandgourt Priory, Gottstatt Abbey and Himmelspforte Abbey at Grenzach-Wyhlen in Baden-Württemberg . Bellelay was under the authority of the diocese of Basel, but operated as an independent lordship under the terms of

1173-693: The Wends and the bringing of Christianity to the territories around the Elbe and the Oder . In time, mitigations and relaxations emerged, and these gave rise to reforms and semi-independent congregations within the Order. The Norbertines arrived in England about 1143, first at Newhouse in Lincoln, England ; before the dissolution under Henry VIII there were 35 houses. Soon after their arrival in England, they founded Dryburgh Abbey in

1224-407: The hamlets of La Bottière and Montbautier. On 31 December 2009 District de Moutier, the municipality's former district, was dissolved. On the following day, 1 January 2010, it joined the newly created Arrondissement administratif Jura bernois. The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Or on a Pale Gules an Abbot's Crozier of the first issuant from a Mount of 3 Coupeaux vert. Saicourt has

1275-622: The 18th century. Bellelay Abbey is the home of the cheese Tête de Moine , first made by the monks in the 12th century. Premonstratensian The Order of Canons Regular of Prémontré ( Latin : Candidus et Canonicus Ordo Praemonstratensis ), also known as the Premonstratensians , the Norbertines and, in Britain and Ireland , as the White Canons (from the colour of their habit ),

1326-518: The Borders area of Scotland , which was followed by other communities at Whithorn Priory , Dercongal Abbey and Tongland Abbey all in the Borders area, as well as Fearn Abbey in the northern part of the nation. Like most orders they were almost completely devastated by the successive onslaughts of the Reformation, French Revolution, and Napoleon, but then experienced a revival in the 19th century. By

1377-462: The Eucharist was to be the sustaining dynamic of the community. In 1126, when the order received papal approbation by Pope Honorius II , there were nine houses; others were established in quick succession throughout western Europe, so that at the middle of the fourteenth century there were some 1,300 monasteries for men and 400 for women. The Norbertines played a predominant part in the conversion of

1428-640: The French Département of Mont-Terrible . Three years later, in 1800 it became part of the Département of Haut-Rhin . After Napoleon 's defeat and the Congress of Vienna , Saicourt was assigned to the Canton of Bern in 1815. During the 18th century a number of German speaking Anabaptists settled in the village of Montbautier. The villages of Saicourt and La Fuet were part of the parish of Tavannes-Chaindon until 1928. At that time Le Fuet and Bellelay went to

1479-521: The Norbertine Order has always seen the spiritual life of the canonesses as being on an equal footing with that of its priests and lay brothers . In the Middle Ages , the Premonstratensians even had a few double monasteries , where men and women lived in cloisters located next to each other as part of the same abbey, the communities demonstrating their unity by sharing the church building. Today, it

1530-525: The Premonstratensian Rite was the celebration of a daily votive Mass in honor of the Virgin Mary in each of its abbeys and priories. Since Norbertine abbeys (and most priories) are autonomous, practices and apostolates are different, depending on the needs of the local Church. Some houses are contemplative in character whilst others are highly active in pastoral ministry. However, each is guided by

1581-792: The Rule of Saint Augustine and the Constitutions established by the General Chapter , which is held every six years. The general Chapter includes representatives from both male and female communities. The head of the Order, termed Abbot General, resides in Rome , and he is assisted in his duties by the Definitors (High Council) as well as commissions established for various aspects of the Order's life such as liturgy and inter-abbey communications. As of 2012, there were Premonstratensian abbeys or priories throughout

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1632-745: The Tavannes parish while Saicourt became part of the Reconvilier parish. A Swiss Reformed chapel was built in Le Fuet in 1938. During the Middle Ages and into the Early Modern era most of the local economy was based on the production of Tête de Moine cheese at the Abbey. Beginning in the 18th century the watchmaking industry and mining silica sand were added. Peat cutting became common in Bellelay and La Bottière. By

1683-512: The United States of America to minister to Belgian immigrants in northern Wisconsin. De Pere, Wisconsin became the site of the first Norbertine Abbey in the new world. By their nature as canons regular the Premonstratensians have always engaged in pastoral work of various kinds, including what would now be called retreat centres (nearly everywhere), and care for pilgrims (as at Conques ) and, like many religious houses, have often run schools on

1734-505: The beginning of the nineteenth century the order had become almost extinct, only eight houses surviving, all in the Habsburg monarchy . However, there was something of a resurgence, and at the start of the twentieth century there were 20 monasteries and 1000 priests. As of 2005 , the number of monasteries had increased to nearly 100 and spread to every continent. In 1893, Father Bernard Pennings and two other Norbertines from Berne Abbey arrived in

1785-409: The early 20th century watchmaking and sand mining both died out, followed by peat producing in 1945. In 1899 Bellelay Abbey was converted into a psychiatric clinic. It has grown into the largest employer in the municipality. In 2008 a total of 341 people worked in the clinic. Saicourt has an area of 13.77 km (5.32 sq mi). As of 2012, a total of 6.17 km (2.38 sq mi) or 44.8%

1836-463: The forested land, 46.0% of the total land area is heavily forested and 4.0% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 4.1% is used for growing crops and 32.8% is pastures and 7.6% is used for alpine pastures. All the water in the municipality is flowing water. The municipality is located in the Trame, Le Fuet and Bellelay valleys. It consists of the village of Saicourt and

1887-462: The government of his order. As the Premonstratensians are not monks but canons regular, their work often involves preaching and the exercising of pastoral ministry; they frequently serve in parishes close to their abbeys or priories. The order was founded in 1120. Saint Norbert had made various efforts to introduce a strict form of canonical life in various communities of canons in Germany ; in 1120 he

1938-537: The monastery was probably founded as a result of the influence of the Bishop of Basel on the south-west border of the diocese of Basel with the territory of the Abbot of Moutier-Grandval. The foundation was confirmed by Pope Innocent II in 1142. There are numerous spelling variations from the early years of the monastery: Balelaia, Belelagia, Belelai, Belilaia, Bellale, Bella Lagia, Bellelagia and Bellilagia. The name comes from

1989-439: The municipality and 167 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net importer of workers, with about 1.4 workers entering the municipality for every one leaving. A total of 154 workers (40.2% of the 383 total workers in the municipality) both lived and worked in Saicourt. Of the working population, 6.5% used public transportation to get to work, and 59.8% used a private car. In 2011 the average local and cantonal tax rate on

2040-405: The municipality. Of the kindergarten students, 30.0% have a different mother language than the classroom language. The municipality had 2 primary classes and 40 students. Of the primary students, 2.5% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 17.5% have a different mother language than the classroom language. During the same year, there were 5 lower secondary classes with

2091-495: The over 75,000 CHF group in Saicourt was 103,389 CHF, while the average across all of Switzerland was 130,478 CHF. In 2011 a total of 2.2% of the population received direct financial assistance from the government. From the 2000 census, 377 or 56.0% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church , while 132 or 19.6% were Roman Catholic . Of the rest of the population, there were 5 members of an Orthodox church (or about 0.74% of

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2142-507: The population) did not answer the question. In Saicourt about 54.6% of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education , and 12.4% have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule ). Of the 49 who had completed some form of tertiary schooling listed in the census, 55.1% were Swiss men, 32.7% were Swiss women. The Canton of Bern school system provides one year of non-obligatory Kindergarten , followed by six years of Primary school. This

2193-408: The population), and there were 73 individuals (or about 10.85% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 7 (or about 1.04% of the population) who were Islamic . There was 1 person who was Buddhist and 2 individuals who belonged to another church. 39 (or about 5.79% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist , and 37 individuals (or about 5.50% of

2244-417: The population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 61.5% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 12.9%. As of 2000, there were 318 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 289 married individuals, 44 widows or widowers and 22 individuals who are divorced. As of 2010, there were 80 households that consist of only one person and 21 households with five or more people. In 2000,

2295-568: The running of an astronomical observatory (Mira, Grimbergen). In 2015 there were some 1000 male and 200 female members of the Order. The Feast of All Norbertine Saints and Blesseds is celebrated internally on November 13. The Norbertines have also had a major presence in the area of Green Bay, Wisconsin , owning WBAY television and radio stations until the mid-1970s. The Nobertines ran two local boys high schools until 1990 and still run four local schools in De Pere and Green Bay. Among these schools

2346-509: The same year, 16 residents attended schools outside the municipality. Bellelay Abbey Bellelay Abbey is a former Premonstratensian monastery in the Bernese Jura in Switzerland , now a psychiatric clinic. It is a heritage site of national significance and the entire former Abbey complex is part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites . According to the legend, the monastery

2397-509: The workforce. In 2008 there were a total of 377 full-time equivalent jobs. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 33, all of which were in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 15 of which 3 were in manufacturing and 12 were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 329. In the tertiary sector; 4 or 1.2% were in a hotel or restaurant, 17 or 5.2% were in education and 293 or 89.1% were in health care. In 2000, there were 229 workers who commuted into

2448-1348: The world: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Czech Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, India, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Peru, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Switzerland, United Kingdom, and the USA. There are seven circaries (Premonstratensian term for an ecclesiastical province ): Anglica Circary Bohemica Circary Brabantica Circary Gallica Circary Germanica Circary Hungarica Circary Portuguesa Circary Norbertine Blesseds include Beatrice of Engelport (+1275, f. Mar. 12/13) Bronislava of Poland (or of Zwierzniec) (+1259, f. Aug. 30), Gerlach of Valkenburg (+1172, Jan. 5), Gertrude of Aldenberg (Altenburg), Abbess (+1297, f. Aug. 13), Hugh of Fosse (+1164, f. Feb. 10), Hroznata of Teplá (+1217, f. Jul. 14), Jakob Kern of Geras (+1924, f. Oct. 20), Oda of Bonne Rivreuille (+1158, f. Apr. 20), Peter-Adrian Toulorge of Blanchelande , Martyr (+1793, f. Oct. 13), and Ricvera of Clastres (+1136, f. Oct. 29). Norbertines celebrate "all Norbertine Saints and Blesseds" on Nov. 13. St. Norbert College in De Pere, Wisconsin , United States,

2499-644: Was also characterized by an emphasis on the Paschal mystery unique among the Latin rites. This was especially seen in the solemnity with which the daily conventional High Mass and office was celebrated during the Easter octave, especially vespers which concluded with a procession to the baptismal font, a practice paralleled among the Latin rites only in similar processions still found in the Ambrosian Rite . Another unique practice of

2550-491: Was founded in 1136 by Siginand, prior of the abbey of Moutier-Grandval , who got lost in the deep forest of the High Jura while hunting a wild boar and was unable to find his way out. He vowed to found a monastery if he managed to return safely to Moutier, which he did four days later. To the monastery he founded in accordance with his vow he gave the name of "belle laie" ("laie" is a female wild boar). According to other sources,

2601-502: Was working in the now-extinct Ancient Diocese of Laon , in Picardy , northeastern France . There, in a rural place called Prémontré , he and thirteen companions established a monastery to be the cradle of a new order. As they were canons regular, they followed the Rule of St. Augustine , but with supplementary statutes that made their life one of great austerity. Common prayer and celebration of

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