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123-573: The Safe Schools Coalition Australia ( SSCA ) was a group of organisations in Australia focused on LGBTIQ people in schools. Its mission is to create safe and inclusive schools for students, families and staff who are in these groups. The primary activity of the SSCA is the Safe Schools Program that was developed to give support to teachers and schools who had been seeking assistance in the creation of

246-606: A "prenatal hormone theory of sexual orientation." The author discussed research finding higher rates of same sex attraction among women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia, and consistent sexual attraction to men among women with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome - a population described by the author as "genetic males." Meyer-Bahlburg also discussed sexual attraction by individuals with partial androgen insensitivity syndrome , 5α-Reductase deficiency and 17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase III deficiency , stating that sexual attraction towards females in individuals with these conditions

369-612: A $ 15 million training facility on the campus grounds. Prior to the construction of its new training facilities, the Essendon Football Club had trained at La Trobe University during the summer. Additionally the Sport Program exists to assist student athletes. The university is also home to the Centre for Dialogue , an interdisciplinary research institution which delves into certain intercultural and inter-religious conflicts, both in

492-437: A 'third sex' as superior is overly simplistic, and that "to understand whether a system is more or less oppressive than another we have to understand how it treats its various members, not only its 'thirds'." The Asia Pacific Forum of National Human Rights Institutions states that the legal recognition of intersex people is firstly about access to the same rights as other men and women, when assigned male or female; secondly it

615-456: A birth certificate recording sex as indeterminate, and the first Australian passport with an 'X' sex marker in 2003. On September 26, 2016, California resident Sara Kelly Keenan became the second person in the United States (after Elisa Rae Shupe ) to legally change their gender to 'non-binary'. Keenan cited Shupe's case as inspiration for their petition, "It never occurred to me that this

738-649: A decreasing proportion of national research funding. In an attempt to address these issues, the university is making cut backs and restructuring several courses under the direction of the Vice-Chancellor, John Dewar. As of 2013, the university is operating on a 28 million dollar surplus. In 2015, La Trobe University committed to fully divest from fossil fuels, after a campaign by students and faculty. The university later committed in 2019 to become fully carbon neutral in its own operations by 2029. In 2020, La Trobe University had its operations substantially impacted by

861-452: A different sex or gender " and "ensur[ing] that sex or gender classifications are amendable through a simple administrative procedure at the request of the individuals concerned." It also advocates for non-binary options and self-identification for all while calling for an end to registering sex on birth certificates. Alex MacFarlane is believed to be the first person in Australia to obtain

984-597: A large student backlash, La Trobe took advantage of the reforms, increasing fees by 25% in 2005. Around the same time, the university suffered cutbacks in government funding, a problem experienced across most of the Australian higher education sector. La Trobe has lost funding disproportionately across its departments. For instance, the History Department at the university was once by far the largest of any institution in Australia; however, funding restrictions have led to

1107-484: A leading Australian university in professional health and biomedical sciences, La Trobe does not have a medical school. When planned and developed in the 1960s, there was strong expectation that La Trobe would eventually establish a medical school and a teaching hospital. The Bendigo campus of La Trobe dates back to 1873: the Bendigo College of Advanced Education amalgamated with La Trobe University in 1991, completing

1230-734: A means of preventing homosexuality and "uppity women." A poll sampled from primarily LGBTQ intersex youth in the US by The Trevor Project found that 55% identified as bisexual / pansexual , 28% gay / lesbian , 12% queer , 2% straight and 3% questioning . Intersex activists and scholars such as Morgan Holmes , Katrina Karkazis and Morgan Carpenter have identified heteronormativity in medical rationales for medical interventions on infants and children with intersex characteristics. Holmes and Carpenter have sometimes talked of intersex bodies as "queer bodies", while Carpenter also stresses inadequacies and "dangerous" consequences from framing intersex as

1353-648: A more inclusive environment for LGBTIQ students and their families. The program began in Victorian schools in 2010 and expanded nationwide in 2013, in the wake of pioneering work in the 1990's by the Gay and Lesbian Teachers and Students Association , primarily in New South Wales . Schools are encouraged to customise the implementation of resources which are provided. The SSCA is managed by The Foundation for Young Australians and funded by various state governments. In October 2016

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1476-615: A petition containing more than 17,000 signatures, against the Safe Schools program. The chairman of the Confederation of Indian Australian Associations has said, "It should not be given that platform in the school lessons, the majority of Indians feel … school is not an appropriate place to bring this subject up." Dr Kevin Donnelly , who advocates for conservative viewpoints in discussions of education and established an institute which promotes

1599-590: A process that began in the late 1980s as part of the Dawkins reforms to higher education. During the merger process, a controversial issue erupted when the university's head office in Bundoora raised concerns about the academic standards at Bendigo CAE. This led to a public outcry in which Bendigo CAE students threatened the Bendigo Advertiser over publishing the matter in its newspapers. Several newspapers were burned in

1722-551: A prohibition of discrimination on grounds of sex. Organisation Intersex International Australia successfully lobbied for inclusion of a legal attribute of "intersex status" in anti-discrimination law, stating that protection on grounds of sexual orientation and gender identity was insufficient. Following 2015 legislation in Malta , an attribute of sex characteristics is now more widespread. Multiple organizations have highlighted appeals to LGBT rights recognition that fail to address

1845-827: A rally to protest against the Safe Schools program in Canberra was "effectively drowned out by vocal supporters" of the program. Issues relating to the Safe Schools program were raised during the Australian Marriage Law Postal Survey debate. The head of the Australian Christian Lobby wrote in August 2017 that the survey would be a referendum on safe schools, and the Australian Conservatives political party claimed that "Safe Schools and others like it will be mandatory in schools" if same-sex marriage

1968-550: A range of individuals and groups associated with the program. On 11 March 2016 the Review of Appropriateness and Efficacy of the Safe Schools Coalition Australia Program Resources was published. The review revealed that opponents to the program had made statements that grossly misrepresented and exaggerated the nature of the program. Coalition MPs who support Safe School such as Warren Entsch said

2091-453: A reduction in international student enrolments, purportedly weakened the university's financial position - although the extent to which this occurred is debated. Reports circulated that La Trobe University risked exhausting its cash reserves unless a deal was with reached with financial institutions or the federal government but the university has stated that it was not at risk of insolvency. A range of measures were proposed or taken to improve

2214-751: A sexual orientation or gender identity issue. In What Can Queer Theory Do for Intersex? Iain Morland contrasts queer "hedonic activism" with an experience of insensate post-surgical intersex bodies to claim that "queerness is characterized by the sensory interrelation of pleasure and shame." Intersex can also be contrasted with transgender , which describes the condition in which one's gender identity does not match one's assigned sex. Some people are both intersex and transgender. A 2012 clinical review paper reported that between 8.5% and 20% of people with intersex variations experienced gender dysphoria . A report by The Trevor Project on polling intersex youth in

2337-662: A significant reduction in its size. Similarly, in 1999, the Music Department was closed due to funding cuts; in 2004 the Geology Department was excised even though it had the highest graduate satisfaction rating in the country. The university's African Research Institute, the only major African studies centre in Australasia, was closed at the end of 2006. In 2008, the university cut the Philosophy and Religious Studies Program at

2460-553: A worldwide trend. The Safe Schools Coalition Australia provides resources such as this program as part of The National Safe Schools Framework which deals with the wider causes of bullying . This voluntary program, developed by the Safe Schools Coalition, commenced in Victoria on 21 October 2010, and received national funding of $ 8 million in 2013. Federal funding for the program was sought by openly gay Senator Penny Wong ,

2583-491: Is about access to administrative corrections to legal documents when an original sex assignment is not appropriate; and thirdly it is not about the creation of a third sex or gender classification for intersex people as a population but it is, instead, about self-determination . The relationship of intersex to lesbian, gay, bisexual and trans, and queer communities is complex, but intersex people are often added to LGBT to create an LGBTI community. A 2019 background note by

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2706-469: Is an initialism that stands for lesbian , gay , bisexual , and transgender , and others. The initialism has become mainstream as a self-designation; it has been adopted by the majority of sexuality and gender identity-based community centers and media in the United States , as well as many other countries. Another variant is LGBTQIA , which is used, for example, by the "Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Intersex, Asexual Resource Center" at

2829-1012: Is banned in New South Wales, although it is still listed as a resource for Nowra High School and it is claimed that other schools still use the materials. The members of the Safe Schools Coalition Australia are The Foundation for Young Australians based in Victoria , Family Planning NSW , the Western Australian AIDS Council, the Sexual Health and Family Planning ACT , Shine SA - Sexual Health Information Networking & Education in South Australia , True Relationships & Reproductive Health, Queensland and Working it out in Tasmania . Schools are encouraged to join

2952-431: Is that my father's father sought for gold in our hills, and he knew this city in the days of the man whom, at the behest of others, I am now trying to acknowledge. If Providence and this Parliament will it, my son's son may be taught in his aura and tradition." Although La Trobe, like his father , used "La Trobe" and "Latrobe" interchangeably, the committee selected the spelling that was predominantly used by his side of

3075-402: Is the best way to support transgender children. McGregor said she objects to the program as she believes it is underpinned by a political ideology with which she does not agree, saying that the program "teaches a derivative of queer theory , which I believe leads trans people into a blind alley". McGregor was subsequently stood down as the patron of Kaleidoscope Australia for her opposition to

3198-632: Is the foundation campus of La Trobe and was officially opened in 1967 when La Trobe began operations. The campus is the main base of all La Trobe's main courses except education, pharmacy, and dentistry, all of which are based at Bendigo. Bundoora is the largest university campus in the Southern Hemisphere, encompassing 235 hectares (580 acres), including the adjacent Nangak Tamboree Wildlife Sanctuary. Bundoora has around 22,000 students on campus and therefore has many facilities such as restaurants, bars, shops, banks and an art gallery. The main library on

3321-496: Is to achieve an understanding and tolerance of LGBTIQ individuals through education. Students are given the opportunity to challenge LGBT stereotypes . Another aim is to reduce the incidence of depression , suicide and self-harm . Representatives from Safe Schools are available to meet with parents, students and teachers upon request. Some school principals reported a decrease in same-sex attracted and gender diverse students being bullied . Testimony from students has explained how

3444-556: Is used to deconstruct sexes, gender roles, compulsory heterosexuality, and even Western science, rather than addressing medical ethics or other issues that directly impact the lives of intersex people. But perhaps this is an inaccurate way to describe the situation: the truth is not that these discussions are "stuck" prematurely, but that they are starting from a wrong place with a wrong set of priorities". In June 2016, Organisation Intersex International Australia pointed to contradictory statements by Australian governments, suggesting that

3567-754: The Americans with Disabilities Act . In 2013, the Australian Senate published a report on the Involuntary or coerced sterilisation of intersex people in Australia as part of a broader inquiry into the involuntary or coercive sterilization of people with disabilities. In Europe, OII Europe has identified multiple articles of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities , including on equality and non-discrimination, and freedom from torture, and protecting

3690-569: The COVID-19 pandemic . In March, part of the Bundoora campus had to be closed for a deep clean after a student tested positive for the disease. The university remained open for a time, until the health advice from the Department of Health and Human Services indicated the university should close - although a limited number of courses eventually continued in a face-to-face teaching mode. Classes not run face-to-face were continued online. This, combined with

3813-830: The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights has stated that intersex persons are a distinct population with concerns about "representation, misrepresentation and resourcing", but who share "common concerns" with LGBT people "due to shared experiences of harm arising from dominant societal sex and gender norms." The paper identifies both how intersex people can suffer human rights violations "before they are able to develop or freely express and identity" and how "stereotypes, fear and stigmatization of LGBT people provide rationales for forced and coercive medical interventions on children with intersex variations." Julius Kaggwa of SIPD Uganda has written that, while

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3936-535: The University of California, Davis . The United States National Institutes of Health (NIH) have framed LGBT, others "whose sexual orientation and/or gender identity varies, those who may not self-identify as LGBT" and also intersex populations (as persons with disorders of sex development ) as "sexual and gender minority" (SGM) populations. This has led to the development of an NIH SGM Health Research Strategic Plan. The concept of queer can also be included to form

4059-595: The federal government established the Australian Universities Commission (AUC) in 1959, appointing Sir Leslie Martin as its chair. Menzies appointed Martin to chair a special committee in 1961 to report to the AUC on the rapidly increasing demands for higher education in Australia. In August 1963 it released its second report, which recognised the urgency of Victoria's situation "...the resources of Melbourne and Monash Universities are not likely to meet

4182-478: The negative commentary surrounding the program has been attributed to the belief that young people who are exposed to LGBTIQ issues might then change their sexuality. The current (as of November 2017) federal government's policy is not to fund the program beyond 2017. Resources will still be available for schools to use beyond that date. Labor's policy is to expand the Safe Schools Coalition. In February 2016, under privilege of Parliament, George Christensen claimed

4305-488: The "intemperate" language. The petition was subsequently tabled with that offending wording removed. On 14 February 2016 the education minister, Simon Birmingham , described the lessons prepared by the coalition as having "reasonable objectives". Birmingham stated that controversy over the program was "very unhelpful because the debate that seems to be occurring in the public space is one of whether or not we should be teaching inclusiveness and tolerance in our schools". Some of

4428-476: The "racist" Australian flag and replace it with a red flag , "and my work is done". Ward was also suspended from the Safe Schools program. The Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull said Ward's actions "underlined concerns many people had about how the program was managed". Ward's solicitors wrote to the university's Vice-Chancellor, John Dewar, urging him to withdraw all allegations and reinstate her by 10am Monday, otherwise legal action would ensue. While Dewar defended

4551-581: The ( ALP ) Finance Minister in 2013. It was formally launched in June 2014 by the ( Liberal ) Abbott government . The program is focused on "challenging the bullying and discrimination of the LGBTIQ community within the school setting". The program expanded nationally because of its success. Content was created by a number of experts in the field. Melbourne High School teacher Christopher Bush helped produce and write content. The program runs in every state of Australia and

4674-613: The Australian Capital Territory, and is planned to commence in the Northern Territory. As of mid February 2016, 490 schools were members of the program, and 86 organisations were supporters of the coalition. According to the official website as of September 2016, 545 schools are members, up from the February 2016 figure when a campaign against the program commenced. In NSW there were originally 120 schools registered, however

4797-478: The Australian Capital Territory. Several schools in Western Australia, Queensland, Tasmania and the Northern Territory remain signed up to national Safe Schools registry. Following the launch of a Safe Schools-based teaching resource, NSW Education Minister Adrian Piccoli ordered his department to immediately withdraw the material, stating "Safe Schools materials are only to be used strictly in accordance with

4920-455: The Bendigo campus, the change resulted in the stream only being taught as a minor. In 2008, La Trobe was operating with a $ 1.46 million surplus but has highlighted that by 2010 it will "review, and where appropriate, restructure all academic, administrative and committee structures" to deal with diminished student intakes, falling entrance marks, below-par scores on student satisfaction surveys and

5043-422: The Bundoora campus in the first semester of that year, with some 500 students. La Trobe was seen to be unique amongst Australian universities due to its school-based and collegiate structure. At the time, "this novel approach became commonly known in the university as 'The La Trobe Concept'". Within four years, however, this format had all but broken down, with the collegiate ideal reduced to halls of residence and

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5166-593: The CBD of Melbourne to Bouverie Street, Carlton. The Bouverie Centre made the transition from a child psychiatric clinic to the first family therapy centre in Australia in the mid-1970s. In 2007 the Bouverie Centre moved into a $ 5 million, state government-funded, purpose-built building at 8 Gardiner Street, Brunswick . La Trobe University took over the management of the Bouverie Centre from the Mental Health Branch of

5289-509: The La Trobe University Bill. Sir Archibald Glenn , chairman of the committee, provided a concise summary as to why La Trobe was chosen: "Lieutenant-Governor Charles Joseph La Trobe has great historic significance for Victoria and his name is recognised internationally. La Trobe was not a university man... but he appears to have had almost every quality, one would desire in one. He had a lively interest in every aspect of life of

5412-755: The Melbourne (Bundoora) campus. Tenants include a branch of the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research , the Victorian State Forensic Centre , a Rio Tinto Group research centre, Victorian Environment Protection Authority (EPA), the Co-operative Research Centre for Vaccine Technology, CAVAL, AgriBio and the Technical Enterprise Centre (a business incubator for new ventures in information technology, biotechnology and

5535-505: The SSCA’s two overall aims, reducing homophobic and transphobic behaviour and intersex prejudice, and increasing support for same sex attracted, intersex and gender diverse students." The review did not find that any of the official resources were inappropriate. It found that the content in guideline documents was consistent with the aims of the program and that the language and content was suitable. All lesson plans were found to be consistent with

5658-535: The Safe Schools Coalition Victoria and Minus18 were part of the Louden Review. The review found that, "The three resources created by young people, OMG I’m Queer , OMG My Friend’s Queer and Stand Out , are not intended as classroom resources. They are not normally circulated to primary schools and in some states only circulated to secondary schools on request. They normally are available either in

5781-451: The Safe Schools Coalition, explains transgender issues for young children. Safe Schools Coalition co-founder, Roz Ward has compiled the accompanying notes for teachers and parents. Safe Schools material provides advice for secondary students faced with explicit-content-filters on computers and with resistance to displaying LGBTIQ posters. The material challenges notions of heteronormativity and promotes acceptance of LGBTIQ people. The goal

5904-414: The Safe Schools program, and require that parents choose whether to opt in to this program". In September 2016, NSW students were told not to participate in any class lessons involving Safe Schools Coalition materials without the consent of their parents. In February 2017, it was announced that NSW public school teachers were provided with, "a list of resources that should not be used." In April 2017, it

6027-605: The Safe Schools program. McGregor expressed her disappointment. However, in May 2018, McGregor declared she had been wrong about the program. "It's an excellent program, and it saves lives." "I should have been a supporter from the start. I regret that I wasn't." "Young trans people need an ally, and I could have been one." "I'm high profile. They looked up to me. I could have helped, and I didn't, and I regret that." In her column in Fairfax Media she said "to my chagrin, I failed to anticipate

6150-682: The US found that 42% identified as cisgender , 32% non-binary , 17% transgender , and 9% questioning , the poll sampled primarily LGBTQ youth. The rate of being transgender/non-binary in the overall US youth population is 5%. Recognition of third sex or gender classifications occurs in several countries. Sociological research in Australia, a country with a third 'X' sex classification, shows that 19% of people born with atypical sex characteristics selected an "X" or "other" option, while 52% are women, 23% men, and 6% unsure. A German law requiring that infants which can be assigned to neither sex have their status left blank on their birth certificate

6273-571: The University's actions, he reinstated Ward, with the Teachers Union saying Ward would be then able to resume supporting young people who are bullied. Beyondblue provided almost $ 600,000 to La Trobe University to administer the Safe Schools program. However, its chairman, Jeff Kennett , threatened to withdraw future funding and called for Ward to resign because of her "extreme political views". In July 2016, members of Sydney's Chinese community lodged

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6396-483: The Victoria Institute of Colleges. Lincoln Institute thus became the university's Faculty of Health Sciences, offering several professional health science programs. The university established other professional schools, including its law school in 1992, which was previously a legal studies department established in 1972. In 2008, Victoria's second dentistry school was established at La Trobe. However, despite being

6519-809: The Victorian Department of Human Services, and added to Bouverie's name the subtitle Victoria's Family Institute. In the decades that followed, the range of clinical academic courses offered by Bouverie expanded and to date, the Centre delivers a number of Graduate Certificate programs, including the Graduate Certificate in Narrative Therapy; a program specifically tailored for professionals working with people impacted by Acquired Brain Injury seeking to enhance their skill and confidence in working with families, and

6642-476: The aims of the program as were all the posters. No harm was expected to come from primary schools students viewing the material, just that they may not comprehend some terms such as transphobia or homophobia. The level of interaction between schools and parents was found to be appropriate. The Safe School Coalition has links to affiliate, third-party organisations and have jointly produced resources. Several of these resources, including Stand Out , created in 2011 by

6765-591: The ammunition I offered to those like Miranda Devine and Lyle Shelton who refuse outright to accept the reality and legitimacy of trans identity." "Trans kids are still doing it tough. Mainly because of cruel religious fanatics and their enablers." In June 2016, La Trobe University suspended Roz Ward, the British academic and activist who "runs the Safe Schools Coalition" through the university's Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society, for saying she wanted to get rid of

6888-459: The book The Gender Fairy , promoted by the Safe Schools Coalition, featured in a television ad released in conjunction with the Australian Marriage Law Postal Survey for the "No" campaign. The ad incorporates the words, "Only you know whether you are a boy or a girl". Education Minister Simon Birmingham outlined the federal government's action in response to the Louden Review in a media statement. The Turnbull Liberal/National Coalition government

7011-484: The campus, the Borchardt, has well over one million volumes. The original main campus buildings were designed by Melbourne architecture firm, Yuncken Freeman in a utilitarian, Post-War International style. These buildings are connected by a series of raised walkways. La Trobe University has three on-campus residential colleges: Menzies , Glenn and Chisholm. These are complemented by the newer North and South Apartments,

7134-527: The coalition as members. The coalition began with 11 founding schools, including Methodist Ladies' College , Bellarine Secondary College , MacRobertson Girls' High School , Hallam Secondary and Princes Hill Secondary College . St Joseph's College in Melbourne is a Catholic school taking part in the program. In November 2016 the Salvation Army said it supports the program. Later in November that endorsement

7257-550: The committee occurred on 2 June 1964 in the rooms of the Historical Society of Victoria on Victoria Street . From there, they acted promptly in seeking out a suitable metropolitan location, inspecting 27 sites from a list of 57 possibilities. The main constraints facing all options were area – "adequate for a full and balanced university"; cost – preferably Crown owned land , as private land would require large compensation payments; and locality – somewhere reasonably close to

7380-466: The community, the will to work for the good of other men, and a sense of responsibility towards prosperity." The Victorian Minister for Education, Sir John Bloomfield, upon presenting the enabling bill to the Victorian parliament , reflected on the influence of Charles La Trobe in the foundation of the University of Melbourne over 100 years before, concluding "my most satisfying reflection at this moment

7503-543: The concerns were being pushed by external lobby groups. Labor leader Bill Shorten labelled the Christensen group " ideologues ... trying to impose a 1950s view of the world". "The review does not consider the contents of the Minus 18 website, or the contents of the network partners’ websites, ... ... All of the official resources are consistent with the intent and objectives of the program, in that they focus on one or both of

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7626-552: The country, occupying over 267 hectares (660 acres). It has two other major campuses located in the regional Victorian city of Bendigo and the twin border cities of Albury-Wodonga . There are two smaller regional campuses in Mildura and Shepparton and a city campus in Melbourne's CBD on Collins Street and in Sydney on Elizabeth Street . La Trobe offers undergraduate and postgraduate courses across its ten schools. The university

7749-496: The criticism from religious conservatives echoed the 1997 conservative response to "Here for Life", the anti-suicide program introduced by the Keating government 's Carmen Lawrence for gay and lesbian teenagers. After conservatives described it as “promoting homosexuality” and “recruiting children”, the newly elected Howard government cancelled the Here for Life program. Various aspects of

7872-522: The decision requiring parent body consent before a school could instigate the program saying that decision should be made by educators. The Federal Government ceased its funding of the Safe Schools program in October 2016. The program operates extensively in Victoria and is fully funded by the state government. State governments are also fully responsible for directly funded programs in South Australia and

7995-561: The demographic centre of Melbourne (calculated to be in the Camberwell area) and to public transport. A subcommittee, headed by Phillip Law , quickly recognised that "somewhere on the eastern side of Melbourne stands out as the right location", however, Monash was already growing in the southeastern suburbs so an alternative area was sought. An early list of possibilities read: Outer – Bundoora , Lilydale . Inner – Burnley Horticultural College , Wattle Park , Caulfield Racecourse , Kew Mental Asylum Selection of an inner site

8118-540: The dignity and rights of LGBT and intersex people are recognized while, at the same time, harmful practices on intersex children continue. In August 2016, Zwischengeschlecht described actions to promote equality or civil status legislation without action on banning "intersex genital mutilations" as a form of pinkwashing . The organization has previously highlighted evasive government statements to UN Treaty Bodies that conflate intersex, transgender and LGBT issues, instead of addressing harmful practices on infants. LGBT+

8241-560: The domestic setting and in international relations . In March 2009, the centre attracted controversy in hosting a lecture given by former Iranian President Mohammad Khatami (1997–2005). Khatami emphasised the importance of dialogue between civilizations, especially in relation to quelling misunderstandings between the Islamic world and the West. The Centre for Dialogue has also received attention for its leadership programme for young Muslims, implemented predominantly in Melbourne's northern suburbs. The R&D Park opened in 1993, adjacent to

8364-496: The education department determined that 89 of those schools had never accessed resources and had no intention to do so in the immediate future. The Safe Schools Program contains a range of materials from which principals and teachers may choose to include, allowing educators to decide what is appropriate for their schools. Some schools present no classroom material to students. There are four official guides, three official posters and eight lesson plans. Videos are available to accompany

8487-404: The entrance to the seminar stopping the majority of the attendees from entering. Safe Schools activists from the Community Action Against Homophobia group protested outside a similar event in Sydney. In Canberra there were "acts of intimidation" made against those opposed to the Safe Schools Program. Anti safe schools signs were "torn up, burnt and defaced with threats to kill". In August 2017,

8610-451: The family. Following the passing of the La Trobe University Act , the interim council was established in December 1964. Aside from Sir Michael Chamberlin and Kathleen Fitzpatrick, who indicated they were unavailable, all members of the Third University Committee were appointed to the interim council, with Sir Archibald Glenn remaining as chairman. Additional members of the interim council were: Sir Thomas Cherry died late in 1966, prior to

8733-435: The federal government said that it would not renew its funding for the program. In December 2016, the Education Department took control of the program in Victoria. The SSCA initially received bipartisan support from government. There is opposition to the program relating to sexuality and gender concepts being taught in schools. In response an independent review was conducted in 2016. While some changes have been made since

8856-495: The final meeting of the Interim Council. All other members automatically became members of council upon its establishment with the first meeting held on 19 December 1966. It was this meeting that Sir Archibald was elected as chancellor of the university. The concept of the "La Trobe eras" was first coined by William Breen and John Salmond in the university's 25th anniversary history, Building La Trobe University: Reflections on

8979-478: The first 25 years 1964–1989 . It is used to refer to La Trobe in periods of 25 years, following the year of establishment in 1964 rather than the year of opening in 1967. As of 2015, La Trobe is currently in its third era. La Trobe University was officially opened by the Victorian premier, Sir Henry Bolte , on 8 March 1967 at a ceremony that was attended by a number of dignitaries including former Prime Minister of Australia , Robert Menzies . Teaching commenced at

9102-579: The future of Australian universities , inviting Sir Keith Murray , Chairman of the University Grants Committee of Great Britain, to chair it. The Murray Committee, in a far-reaching report submitted in September 1957, recommend a major expansion of university facilities in Australia and changes in administration and financing. As a direct consequence of the key recommendations of the Murray report,

9225-845: The gay community "offers us a place of relative safety, it is also oblivious to our specific needs." Mauro Cabral has written that transgender people and organizations "need to stop approaching intersex issues as if they were trans issues" including use of intersex as a means of explaining being transgender; "we can collaborate a lot with the intersex movement by making it clear how wrong that approach is." Pidgeon Pagonis states that adding an I to LGBTQA may or may not help increase representation, and may increase funding opportunities for intersex organizations, but may also be harmful to intersex children due to stigma associated with being LGBTQA. Organisation Intersex International Australia states that some intersex individuals are same sex attracted, and some are heterosexual, but "LGBTI activism has fought for

9348-513: The government on all matters concerning the establishment of a third Victorian university. This consisted of "the selection of the site, the preparation of a detailed development program, planning and calling tenders for buildings, the formulating of an administrative structure, the appointment of an Academic Planning Board and the recruitment of key staff." It was planned that La Trobe would enrol students, if possible, in March 1967. The first meeting of

9471-446: The hospital. An alternative site for the farm was procured a little further out on Plenty Road, resolving the issue. While it was an interesting interpretation of a "local name", La Trobe , proposed by Fitzpatrick , was agreed unanimously upon by the planning committee after some alternatives, such as Deakin , were "thoughtfully put aside". Victorian State Parliamentarians , however, were far from unanimous when they came to debate

9594-856: The inclusion of Christian beliefs in schools and was previously co-chair of the National Curriculum Review and Senior Research Fellow at the Australian Catholic University , has argued that the program may over-ride parents' rights as primary caregivers and impose an agenda on their children which they might not accept. Donnelly has also said there is a lack of transparency with the program in New South Wales. The Australian Human Rights Commission expressed concern over attempts to impose parental consent requirements, stating that there needed to be careful consideration of its impact on children struggling with sexual orientation, gender identity or intersex status, and stating "while we recognise

9717-594: The initialisms LGBTIQ and LGTBIQ (in Spanish). Kimberly Zieselman of interACT has described how the LGBT community has helped open doors, but how intersex rights are broader: "at its core this is a children's rights issue. It is also about health and reproductive rights, because these operations can lead to infertility." Multiple authors and civil society organizations highlight intersectionalities between intersex people and disability, due to issues of medicalization, and

9840-476: The integrity of the person. Nevertheless, the organization has expressed concern that framings of intersex as disability can reinforce medicalization and lack of human rights, and do not match self-identification. La Trobe University La Trobe University is a public research university based in Melbourne , Victoria , Australia . Its main campus is located in the suburb of Bundoora . The university

9963-500: The issue of unnecessary "normalising" intersex medical interventions on intersex children, including by using the portmanteau pinkwashing . In a 2001 paper for the (now defunct) Intersex Society of North America , Emi Koyama and Lisa Weasel stating that teaching of intersex issues is "stuck" at talking about intersex as a mean instead of an end: This indeed seems to be a common problem within women's, gender and queer studies: discussions about intersex existence are "stuck" at where it

10086-649: The lessons. In 2015, a teaching manual called All Of Us was launched, following approval by the federal Education Department. Authors of the manual include Margot Fink, a finalist for Young Australian of the Year in 2016. The guide includes information on teaching gender diversity, sexual diversity and intersex topics. Resource content includes a video of same sex attracted and gender diverse youth, as well as intersex film-maker Phoebe Hart . A children's story book, entitled The Gender Fairy , released in January 2016 and promoted by

10209-568: The life sciences). La Trobe has a city campus in Melbourne's central business district , on Collins Street. The campus delivers postgraduate courses for both domestic and international students. The Bouverie Centre (first known as the Collins Street Clinic) was established as a clinical mental health service for children and adolescents. In 1956, the centre was renamed the Bouverie Clinic following its relocation from Collins Street, in

10332-527: The long-term demands for university education beyond 1966. The Commission therefore is willing to support in the 1964–1966 triennium the extension of university facilities in the Melbourne metropolitan area." Following the recommendations the federal government passed the Universities Assistance Bill in October 1963, providing a grant for a "third" university for recurrent expenditure in 1965 of $ 106,000 and $ 210,000 in 1966. The first capital grant

10455-484: The nationally recognised Graduate Certificate in Family Therapy for Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander Workers. The centre's Master's level program and higher degree research program are a regular feature on the academic calendar. The Bouverie Centre has over 40 staff, with clinical staff typically working across a number of different service areas. La Trobe Bendigo succeeded 118 years of tertiary education in

10578-489: The new institution should be innovative in its approach", and the university adopted an academic structure based on schools of studies (rather than on faculties) and a collegiate format, where a large number of students lived on campus. At this time, Flinders University and Macquarie University were also establishing a schools-based system. Many prominent Victorians were involved in La Trobe's establishment process, and there

10701-607: The organisation. However, the program is opposed by some religious groups, particularly the Christian right , with the program said to be "gagged" on same-sex marriage while the Safe Schools Coalition said there had been "no change to media protocols". The Australian Christian Lobby and the Former National Party senator Bill O'Chee have criticised the program. Former Labor senator Joe Bullock has also criticised Safe Schools. Former Democrats Senator Brian Greig stated that

10824-641: The program exposed students to inappropriate sexual material. Christensen also likened the program to a " pedophile grooming a victim", said the program was attempting to introduce into schools "queer gender theory " and " marxist ideology " that should be limited to universities. The Safe Schools Coalition dismissed those claims in their entirety. A review was announced by the Turnbull Liberal/National Coalition government on 26 February 2016, after Coalition backbenchers George Christensen and Cory Bernardi raised concerns over what they claimed

10947-613: The program have been criticised by The Australian newspaper. In July 2015, the Australian Christian Lobby lodged a 10,891-signature petition with the Queensland parliament in relation to the Safe Schools program. The petition incorporated wording from a Safe Schools student resource. However the Clerk of the Parliament would not permit that wording on the Queensland parliament's website because of

11070-526: The program improves the learning environment. There are reports that the introduction of the program has reduced the prevalence of homophobic and transphobic language at schools. In some instances the mere knowledge that a school is part of the coalition has increased the level of safety felt by LGBTIQ students. Some parents of students who took part in the program have expressed dislike for changes to school policy in regards to bathroom use. Others have expressed concern that they did not know that this " ideology "

11193-455: The program indicated gender diverse and same-sex-attracted young people did better with Safe Schools. The first community-based LGBTIQ youth groups in the fields of social services were established in the United States in the late 1970s. In the 1980s and 1990s a sexual risk discourse dominated LGBTIQ issues in education policy in Victoria. Addressing school bullying with practical steps is

11316-516: The program point to high levels of homophobic abuse, including in school settings, and high levels of school leaving. Australian LGBTIQ rights activist and academic Rodney Croome welcomed a review as a way of ensuring its funding delivered the outcomes it sought. NSW Labor politician Penny Sharpe has said that opposition is primarily due to homophobia and transphobia . A petition presented by Australian Greens Senator Robert Simms to Parliament in March 2016 contained 70,000 signatures in support of

11439-595: The protest. The inclusion of the Wodonga Institute of Tertiary Education took place in the same year. The university has continued to expand, with the opening of the Research and Development Park at Bundoora and the upcoming opening of a second Melbourne CBD site. Higher education reforms by the Howard government allowed Australian universities to increase fees and take in a greater number of full-fee paying students. Despite

11562-512: The purpose of preventing the development of homosexuality, quite apart from the ethical issues involved. In 2010, Saroj Nimkarn and Maria New wrote that, "Gender-related behaviors, namely childhood play, peer association, career and leisure time preferences in adolescence and adulthood, maternalism, aggression, and sexual orientation become" masculinized in women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia . Medical intervention to prevent such traits has been likened by Dreger , Feder and Tamar-Mattis to

11685-607: The regional centre, which began with the Bendigo School of Mines in 1873. La Trobe Bendigo was established in 1991, initially as the La Trobe University College of Northern Victoria (1991–1994). Between 1994 and 2005, La Trobe Bendigo's curriculum was operated by a multidisciplinary Faculty of Regional Development and was separate from that of Melbourne. Campuses could choose to offer individual courses from both Bundoora and Bendigo. This situation ceased in 2005 after

11808-540: The report, Writing Themselves in 3 , prepared by the La Trobe University 's, Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society . Research on intersex Australians published in 2016 shows that, while 2% of Australians fail to complete secondary school, 18% of Australians born with intersex variations fail to do so due to issues around bullying, discrimination and pubertal medical interventions. Research on student performance comparing those within to those without

11931-449: The requirement for parental consent before participation. In 2017 the SSCA program ceased in New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia and the Australian Capital Territory pulled out (and with Tasmania to pull out) of the Safe Schools Coalition Australia program, with each developing their own programs. As of July 2017, 54 schools in WA, Tas and NT were nominated as SSCA members. The program

12054-401: The review's findings were published, it recommended no major changes to the program and found that it was consistent with the national curriculum . The report recommended an increase in the availability of guidance on the use of included materials. Other changes recommended and subsequently implemented include making the program only available to high schools, removing role playing activities and

12177-751: The revised guidelines established by the federal government," with the Minister tasking Mark Scott , the Secretary of the NSW Education Department , to undertake a review of the program. In its report, released in November, the committee "recommends the NSW Education Department requires schools under the Controversial Issues in Schools policy to consult with parents prior to any implementation of

12300-441: The rhetorical shift remains deeply contentious. Sociological research in Australia, published in 2016, found that 3% of respondents used the term "disorders of sex development" or "DSD" to define their sex characteristics, while 21% use the term when accessing medical services. In contrast, 60% used the term "intersex" in some form to self-describe their sex characteristics. In the United States , intersex persons are protected by

12423-480: The rights of parents to be informed and engaged in their child’s education, it is important to ensure children who have not yet ‘come out’ to their family can still access the program and its resources.” Former Prime Minister John Howard has said, "What's disappointed me is an issue like Safe Schools. When that emerged it should have been hit on the head by centre-right governments at federal and state level". In April 2017, Victorian education officials conceded there

12546-819: The rights of people who fall outside of expected binary sex and gender norms." On July 1, 2020, Russian intersex organizations (Interseks.ru, ARSI, NFP+, Intersex Russia ) issued a statement on the use of LGBTI abbreviation urging not to use it in and about countries with widespread prejudice and violence in attitudes of individuals based on their sexual orientation and gender identity. Emi Koyama describes how inclusion of intersex in LGBTI can fail to address intersex-specific human rights issues, including creating false impressions "that intersex people's rights are protected" by laws protecting LGBT people, and failing to acknowledge that many intersex people are not LGBT. South Africa protects intersex people from discrimination as part of

12669-417: The scallop shells from the La Trobe family bearings, the Australian wedge-tailed eagle to represent Australia, and sprigs of heath to represent Victoria. The origins of La Trobe can be traced back to the post-World War II era where there emerged a global recognition of the need to increase facilities for higher education. In 1957 Prime Minister Sir Robert Menzies established a special committee to report on

12792-414: The school library or through the student support centre. They are suitable for use by individual secondary students but may not be suitable for use in some faith-based schools." In May 2016, Queenslander of the Year and transgender woman Cate McGregor , who "had been asked to be an Ambassador for the program and had initially agreed", subsequently said that she does not agree that the Safe Schools program

12915-660: The schools becoming departmentalised. Up until the late 1980s, La Trobe focused almost exclusively on the liberal arts and the sciences. In 1987 the Lincoln Institute of Health Sciences merged with the university. The Lincoln Institute had begun as Lincoln House, after the building was bought by the government in 1966, with its formal constitution being established in December 1972. Lincoln House comprised professional training schools for occupational therapy , physiotherapy and speech therapy , all of which were affiliated with

13038-810: The self-contained Barnes Way and Waterdale Apartments and the University Lodge, which primarily serves postgraduate students. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic , La Trobe University had developed plans to transform the Bundoora campus into a 'City of the Future', closely co-locating commercial, cultural and research facilities onto the site. The Bundoora campus is home to the La Trobe University Medical Centre and La Trobe Private Hospital. Bundoora also has sporting and recreation facilities such as an indoor pool, gyms, playing fields, and indoor stadiums. A-League franchise Melbourne City have constructed

13161-477: The university's finances including voluntary redundancies, and staff pay cuts. La Trobe had applied for access to the Australian government wage subsidy program, JobKeeper, but it was deemed ineligible. Other steps taken by the university in response to the pandemic include: opening up new pathways for student enrolment that do not require an ATAR , removing failing grades from student transcripts and offering new short courses. The Melbourne campus at Bundoora

13284-439: The use of preimplantation genetic diagnosis . In an analysis of the use of preimplantation genetic diagnosis to eliminate intersex traits, Behrmann and Ravitsky state: "Parental choice against intersex may ... conceal biases against same-sex attractedness and gender nonconformity." A 2006 clinical reframing of intersex conditions as disorders of sex development made associations between intersex and disability explicit, but

13407-584: Was a lack of hard evidence on the rates of homophobic bullying in schools to justify the decision to mandate the Safe School program. On 9 May 2017 the Australian Christian Lobby hosted a seminar in Melbourne entitled Is Safe Schools safe? , with the speakers, Professor of Paediatrics at the University of Western Sydney , John Whitehall and Dr Elisabeth Taylor from ACL. About 30 people, several of whom had their faces covered with bandanas, blocked

13530-437: Was a strong belief that it was important to increase research and learning in Victoria. One of the major individuals involved was Davis McCaughey , who later became Governor of Victoria . The university was named after Charles Joseph La Trobe , the first Governor of Victoria, and the university motto, 'whoever seeks shall find', is adapted from Charles La Trobe's family motto. The La Trobe University Coat of Arms incorporates

13653-440: Was an option, because I thought the gender change laws were strictly for transgender people. I decided to try and use the same framework to have a third gender ." Keenan later obtained a birth certificate with an intersex sex marker. In press reporting of this decision, it became apparent that Ohio had issued a 'hermaphrodite' sex marker in 2012. Intersex scholar Morgan Holmes argues that thinking of societies that incorporate

13776-666: Was announced that NSW government will replace the Safe Schools Program with a broader anti-bullying program. LGBTIQ Intersex can be contrasted with homosexuality or same-sex attraction . Numerous studies have shown higher rates of same sex attraction in intersex people, with a recent Australian study of people born with atypical sex characteristics finding that, while 48% labeled themselves as straight, 52% of respondents labeled themselves as various other categories besides heterosexual. Clinical research on intersex subjects has been used to investigate means of preventing homosexuality. In 1990, Heino Meyer-Bahlburg wrote on

13899-511: Was being "imposed" on their children. The Safe Schools Coalition actively encourages people to report any inappropriate content. The program has been supported by the majority of state governments, as well as psychologists, gay-support groups and other non-governmental and religious organisations. The program is supported by Beyond Blue , headspace and the Australian Secondary Principals Association. Advocates for

14022-465: Was criticised by intersex rights groups on the basis that it could encourage parents who see a neutral option as undesirable to have their child undergo genital surgery. In 2013, the third International Intersex Forum made statements for the first time on sex and gender registration in the Malta declaration , advocating for "register[ing] intersex children as females or males, with the awareness that, like all people, they may grow up to identify with

14145-545: Was established in 1964 following the assent of the La Trobe University Act by Victorian Parliament on 9 December 1964. The passing of the Act of Victorian Parliament to establish La Trobe University followed earlier University Acts to establish the University of Melbourne (1853) and Monash University (1958). The Minister of Education at the time and the appointed planning council were "unanimous in their enthusiasm that

14268-499: Was established in 1964, becoming the third university in the state of Victoria and the twelfth university in Australia. La Trobe is one of the Australian verdant universities and also part of the Innovative Research Universities group. La Trobe's original and principal campus is located in the Melbourne metropolitan area, within the northern Melbourne suburb of Bundoora. It is the largest metropolitan campus in

14391-441: Was facilitated by "prenatal exposure to and utilization of androgens." He concluded: It is too early to conclude that there is a pre- or perinatal hormonal contribution to the development of homosexuality, except perhaps in persons with clearcut physical signs of intersexuality. The scientific basis is insufficient to justify the assessment of chromosomes and sex hormones in the fetus, or the prenatal treatment with sex hormones, for

14514-408: Was for 1966 and amounted to $ 1,000,000. These grants were to be matched by equivalent state grants. In April 1964, Sir Archibald Glenn was invited by the Victorian premier, Sir Henry Bolte , to chair a "Third University Committee". In addition to Glen, 13 other members were announced on 21 May 1964. The committee, therefore, consisted of: The terms of reference of the committee were to advise

14637-515: Was legalised. There is however a new program called Respectful Relationships which is different to Safe Schools, and was developed in response to recommendations made by the Australian Royal Commission on Family Violence. The Respectful Relationships program covers topics such as emotional literacy, anger management, coping skills, problem solving skills, anti-bullying, how to seek help from others, and gender equality. In September 2017,

14760-558: Was quick to adopt changes to the program following the review. Some of the actions taken by the Turnbull government were not recommended in the review. The imposed limits included changes to some materials, limiting access to secondary schools as some material was not easily understood by younger students, and requiring parent opt-ins. Federal President of the Australian Education Union Correna Haythorpe criticised

14883-420: Was the " sexualised " nature of the program, and forty-three Coalition backbenchers including former leader Tony Abbott had signed a petition calling for the program's closure. The review did not consider the contents of the Minus 18 website, or the contents of the network partners’ websites. The review was conducted by University of Western Australia ’s Professor Bill Louden. The process included interviews with

15006-598: Was unlikely, as they were mostly "either inadequate or unattainable, especially the racecourse", however, the Kew site was a real possibility. The "ultimate choice" was unanimously agreed upon by the end of July, resulting in the farm attached to the Mont Park Asylum . Cunningham Dax, head of the Mental Health Authority, was "most co-operative", although he raised concerns that the loss of the farm would be serious for

15129-738: Was withdrawn with the Salvation Army saying that it, "cannot unconditionally support the Safe Schools programs in Australia in their current form". In December 2016 Bega Valley Shire Council voted to support the program. However, in January 2017 the council rescinded that support. In describing the aims of the program, the Safe Schools Coalition Australia reports that "75% of same sex attracted young people experience some form of homophobic abuse or bullying ... A staggering 80% of young people experienced abuse and bullying while at school", more than anywhere else. The All Of Us resource cites research on same sex attracted and gender diverse youth documented in

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