The Severn Ojibwa or the Oji-Cree language ( ᐊᓂᐦᔑᓂᓃᒧᐏᐣ , Anishininiimowin ; Unpointed: ᐊᓂᔑᓂᓂᒧᐏᐣ ) is the indigenous name for a dialect of the Ojibwe language spoken in a series of Oji-Cree communities in northern Ontario and at Island Lake, Manitoba , Canada . Ojibwa is a member of the Algonquian language family, itself a member of the Algic language family.
31-655: Sachigo Lake First Nation ( Severn Ojibwa : ᓴᒋᑯ ᓴᑲᐦᐃᑲᐣ ) is an Oji-Cree First Nation band government in Unorganized Kenora District in Northwestern Ontario , Canada . It is located on Sachigo Lake , part of the Sachigo River system and Hudson Bay drainage basin , approximately 425 kilometres (264 mi) north of the town of Sioux Lookout . As of September 2011, the First Nation had
62-580: A layer of vocabulary items in Severn appears to be of Plains Cree origin, despite the fact that Severn speakers are at a significant distance from Plains Cree speakers. Valentine has suggested that "The logical means by which Plains Cree could exert an influence on Severn Ojibwe is through the Cree Bible, and other liturgical materials, which are used widely and extensively in the Anglican and Roman Catholic churches in
93-465: A much more detailed questionnaire. On May 15, 2001, Statistics Canada had thousands of canvassers who went around to try to ensure that the entire population was counted. For the first time, this included canvassers who went to homeless shelters to ensure that the homeless were included in the census. In addition to a small number of individuals who refused to participate, some first nation communities refused to participate en masse and therefore some of
124-760: A northern tier consisting of Severn and Algonquin; a southern tier consisting of "Odawa, Chippewa, Eastern Ojibwe, the Ojibwe of the Border Lakes region between Minnesota and Ontario, and Saulteaux; and third, a transitional zone between these two polar groups, in which there is a mixture of northern and southern features." It has been noted that, along with Algonquin and Odawa , Severn Ojibwa "…show[s] many distinct features, which suggest periods of relative isolation from other varieties of Ojibwe." However, while each of these dialects has undergone innovations that make each of them distinctive in some respects, their status as part of
155-610: A registered population of 814 people, of which the on-reserve population was 443. Sachigo Lake is policed by the Nishnawbe-Aski Police Service , an Aboriginal-based service. The First Nation elect their officials through a Custom Electoral System, consisting of a Chief and four councillors. The current Chief is Simon Tait and the councillors elected for the same term are Steven Tait, Eugene Tait, Michael Tait and Wesley Barkman. Their two-year terms all began in April 2023. As
186-659: A series of adjacent settlements: Garden Hill , Red Sucker Lake , St. Theresa Point , and Wasagamack First Nation , referred to collectively as Island Lake. As with Severn Ojibwa communities in northwestern Ontario, "According to Canadian Government sources (Canada, 1970), the Island Lake people speak "Cree" and they are in no way distinguished from the Cree of Oxford House, Gods Lake, or Norway House." Island Lake speech has been described by residents and outsiders alike as containing features of Ojibwe and Cree. A dialect study conducted in
217-667: A short counterpart. Oji-Cree words are shown in both Oji-Cree syllabics and Saulteaux-Cree Roman (with the Hybrid Double Vowel Roman in parentheses). Along with the Oji-Cree words, for comparison, Swampy Cree in Western Syllabics and Salteaux-Cree Roman, and Northwestern Ojibwa in Eastern Ojibwe Syllabics and Saulteaux-Cree Roman (with Fiero Double Vowel Roman in parentheses) are also shown. Translations of
248-497: A signatory to Treaty 9 , Sachigo Lake First Nation is a member of the Windigo First Nations Council , a Regional Chiefs Council, and Nishnawbe Aski Nation , a Tribal Political Organization that represents majority of First Nation governments in northern Canada. The First Nation have reserved for themselves the 3,588-hectare (8,866-acre) Sachigo Lake 1 Indian Reserve , which serves as their main reserve, containing
279-411: A total of eight classrooms, a computer room, a public-school library, a gymnasium, multipurpose and change room facilities, as well as play areas for kindergarten and elementary students. INAC provided $ 9.45 million to Sachigo Lake First Nation, which managed design and construction of the school. Smith Carter Architects and Engineers Incorporated consulted extensively with the community and were winners of
310-522: Is a group that recently broke off from the main Sandy Lake community; their dialect is the same as Sandy Lake. A number of communities around the periphery of the core Severn Ojibwa area share some Severn features, but also share features of other dialects and have been described as transitional communities. These include Round Lake , Lansdowne House , Ogoki Post , Fort Hope , and Summer Beaver . The Island Lake community in northern Manitoba consists of
341-443: Is based entirely on self reporting. Population by religion . Only those religions with more than 250,000 respondents are included here. The census question was partly aided—that is, the questionnaire form gave examples of some of the denominations but not others. The actual question asked is noted below. The actual question asked: "What is this person's religion? Indicate a specific denomination or religion even if this person
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#1733085605999372-445: Is not currently a practising member of that group. For example, Roman Catholic, Ukrainian Catholic, United Church, Anglican, Lutheran, Baptist, Coptic Orthodox, Greek Orthodox, Jewish, Islam, Buddhist, Hindu, Sikh, etc." Population by age: Every person was legally required to return the census questionnaire that required answering basic demographic information. In addition randomly selected people were legally required to complete
403-592: Is widely used as a self-designation across the Ojibwa dialect continuum, is also used and accepted by Severn speakers. The term Anishininiimowin is the general word used in Severn Ojibwa to refer to the language itself (noun Anishinini 'ordinary person,' suffix -mo 'speak a language,' suffix -win 'nominalizer'). A similar term Anishinaabemowin with the same structure would be expected but has not been documented in published sources. Anishininiimowin
434-698: The Architectural Excellence for Design Awards, by the Ontario Association of Architects, for the Martin McKay Memorial School. The concept, “Two Schools, One Spirit,” links the primary and secondary programs through the spirit of the Thunderbird. The primary and secondary schools are individual wings with two separate entrances, which allows for a division of students by age and maturity levels. Shared community use of facilities such as
465-659: The Big Trout Lake area and the other the Deer Lake area. The Big Trout Lake area is divided into two subgroups, Western, composed of communities situated in the Severn River system, and Eastern, made up mostly of communities in the drainage area of the Winisk River." (A) Big Trout Area (i) Western Big Trout (Severn River System) (ii) Eastern Big Trout (Winisk River System) (B) Deer Lake Area The Keewaywin community
496-618: The Deer Lake-Favourable Lake area and approximately 25% in the Sandy Lake-Big Trout Lake areas of northwestern Ontario. A complex migration history includes the return of a number of these migrants to their original communities with a subsequent migration of some back to Island Lake. Stop and affricate sounds /p t k tʃ/ and fricatives /s ʃ/ can have fortis and lenis variants. Preaspiration can often occur among fortis sounds. The mid-front vowel /eː/ , does not have
527-538: The Ojibwa language complex is not in dispute. Many communities adjacent to these relatively sharply differentiated dialects show a mix of transitional features, reflecting overlap with other nearby dialects. Cree has historically had a significant cultural influence on Severn Ojibwa and its speakers. Cree Anglican catechists evangelized Severn Ojibwa speakers in the late nineteenth century. For example, Cree missionary William Dick established an Anglican mission in Severn Ojibwa territory at Big Trout Lake, where he served from
558-514: The Severn region." The liturgical language of many of these communities is Plains Cree, a separate mutually unintelligible language. A number of core Severn speaking communities have been identified. Dialect research in the 1970s suggested a relatively shallow set of differences that distinguish a core Big Trout Lake subgroup (itself further divided into two minor subgroups), and a Deer Lake area subgroup. "Nichols 1976 determined that there exist two minor subdialects of Severn Ojibwe, one designated
589-475: The community of Sachigo Lake. In addition, the First Nation have reserved the 1,723.6-hectare (4,259-acre) Sachigo Lake 2 Indian Reserve and the 2,833-hectare (7,000-acre) Sachigo Lake 3 Indian Reserve . The new 2,381-square-metre (25,629 sq ft) Martin McKay Memorial School, offering Kindergarten through Grade 8 programming accommodates approximately 103 students. The new school contains
620-587: The early 1970s concluded that "the speech of Island Lake is Ojibwa with an admixture of Cree." Available information indicates as well that Island Lake Ojibwe shares Severn features: "The dialect affiliation of Island Lake Ojibwa is with Severn Ojibwe. Consistent informant responses indicate almost complete intelligibility with Severn Ojibwa on the one hand, and reduced intelligibility with Berens River, Bloodvein, Little Grand Rapids, and Pikangikaum…". A review of Island Lake family history indicates that approximately 50% of families listed in 1909 documents originated in
651-603: The extended Golden Horseshoe in southern Ontario; Montreal and environs; British Columbia's Lower Mainland and southern Vancouver Island ; and the Calgary- Edmonton corridor. In 2001, 51% of Canada's population lived in these regions, compared with 49% in 1996. Population by mother tongue of Canada's official languages: Population of Aboriginal peoples in Canada : Population by ethnic origin . Only those origins with more than 250,000 respondents are included here. This
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#1733085605999682-481: The gymnasium, multipurpose room and library, provides a central focus. Over 1.1 million dollars has been invested in upgrades and the rehabilitation of the Sachigo Lake First Nation Arena. This new facility enriches the recreation for youth in the community and surrounding communities. Sachigo Lake First Nation also hosts an annual ice-fishing derby. This annual event, first started in 2013, is one of
713-528: The largest ice-fishing derbies in Northwestern Ontario. The community is served by Sachigo Lake Airport . It has winter road access south via Muskrat Dam Lake First Nation to the all-weather Northern Ontario Resource Trail and thereby to Ontario Highway 599 . The unemployment rate in 2006 was 22.9%. Severn Ojibwa language The language is often referred to in English as Oji-Cree , with
744-497: The late nineteenth century until the early twentieth century (approximate dates 1887–1917). Although their language is clearly a dialect of Ojibwe, in the late 1970s, it was noted that "The northern bands of Northern Ojibwa prefer to be called Cree, a usage that has confused students and government officials: the Trout Lake, Deer Lake, and Caribou Lake bands of Northern Ojibwa are not distinguished from their Cree-speaking neighbours to
775-404: The national average. Alberta 's population soared 10.3%, Ontario gained 6.1% and British Columbia , 4.9%. Nunavut 's population rose 8.1%. The population of Newfoundland and Labrador declined for the second consecutive census period. Urbanization continued. In 2001, 79.4% of Canadians lived in an urban centre of 10,000 people or more, compared with 78.5% in 1996. Outside the urban centres,
806-672: The north in Canadian government publications …". Referring specifically to grammatical features in Severn Ojibwe, research indicates that "… the amount of Cree influence on Ojibwe grammar actually appears rather small. The common designation of northern Ojibwe linguistic varieties [i.e. as 'Oji-Cree'] is profoundly misleading in terms of the relative grammatical representation of each language in that these varieties are decidedly Ojibwe in structure." Several different Cree dialects appear to have been sources of Severn Ojibwa vocabulary. For example,
837-518: The population of rural and small-town areas declined 0.4%. In 2001, just over 64% of the nation's population, or about 19,297,000 people, lived in the 27 census metropolitan areas (CMAs), up slightly from 63% in 1996. Seven of these 27 CMAs saw their populations grow at a rate of at least double the national average. The strongest rise, by far, occurred in Calgary . From 1996 to 2001, the nation's population concentrated further in four broad urban regions:
868-502: The term Severn Ojibwa (or Ojibwe ) primarily used by linguists and anthropologists. Severn Ojibwa speakers have also been identified as Northern Ojibwa , and the same term has been applied to their dialect. Severn Ojibwa speakers use two self-designations in their own language. The first is Anishinini 'ordinary person' (plural Anishininiwag ) This term has been compared to Plains Cree ayisiyiniw 'person, human being.' The term Anishinaabe 'ordinary man,' which
899-485: The words are also given. Canada 2001 Census The 2001 Canadian census was a detailed enumeration of the Canadian population. Census day was May 15, 2001. On that day, Statistics Canada attempted to count every person in Canada. The total population count of Canada was 30,007,094. This was a 4% increase over 1996 census of 28,846,761. In contrast, the official Statistics Canada population estimate for 2001
930-543: Was 31,021,300. This is considered a more accurate population number than the actual count. The previous census was the 1996 census and the following census was in 2006 census . A summary of information about Canada. Canada has experienced one of the smallest census-to-census growth rates in its population. From 1996 to 2001, the nation's population increased only 4.0%. The census counted 30,007,094 people on May 15, 2001, compared with 28,846,761 on May 14, 1996. Only three provinces and one territory had growth rates above
961-503: Was one of only six aboriginal languages in Canada to report an increase in use in the 2001 Canadian census over the 1996 census. Although sometimes described as a separate language, Severn Ojibwa is most accurately described as a dialect of the larger Ojibwe language complex with a number of distinctive innovations in addition to an increment of vocabulary borrowed from Cree and a modest amount of Cree morphology. Valentine has proposed that Ojibwe dialects are divided into three groups: