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26-414: The district was created in 1994 by merging the previous districts of Eisenberg, Jena and Stadtroda. When the district Roda (later Stadtroda) was originally created in 1922 it already covered nearly the area of the current district. In 1952, together with the abolishment of the federal states ( Bundesländer ) the district was split into the three parts, which were put together again in 1994. The main river in

52-567: A Benedictine abbey here, which quickly became an ecclesiastical centre in eastern Thuringia but was destroyed during the German Peasants' War in 1526. A Franciscan monastery was established about 1250, which also was dissolved during the Protestant Reformation . The Hohenstaufen emperor Frederick Barbarossa had ordered the layout of an Imperial city, parts of its medieval walls and bastions are preserved up to today. Nevertheless,

78-510: A tri-city area with a population of about 70,000. The local mountain is the Kulm , which is 481.9 metres above sea level. Saalfeld is one of the historic towns of Thuringia, possibly founded by the 7th century around a Thuringii ( Gothic ) fortress today called Hoher Schwarm or Sorbenburg ( Sorbs ' Castle). The area was first mentioned in an 899 deed. Kitzerstein Castle standing on an eminence above

104-968: Is a town in Germany, capital of the Saalfeld-Rudolstadt district of Thuringia . It is best known internationally as the ancestral seat of the Saxe-Coburg and Gotha branch of the Saxon House of Wettin . The town is situated in the valley of the Saale River north of the Thuringian Highland , 48 km (30 mi) south of the German cultural centre Weimar . Saalfeld station is currently served by Intercity-Express trains running from Berlin to Munich . Saalfeld has 28,000 inhabitants. Together with neighbouring Rudolstadt and Bad Blankenburg , Saalfeld forms

130-555: Is also planned connected from Leuna with the White Elster near Leipzig by an unfinished canal. The soil of the lower part of its valley is exceptionally fertile, and produces, amongst other crops, large quantities of sugar beet . Among its tributaries are the White Elster, Southern and Northern Regnitz and Orla on the right bank, and the Ilm , Unstrut, Salza , Wipper and Bode on

156-680: The Battle of Saalfeld , whereby Prince Louis Ferdinand of Prussia was killed. The opening of the Leipzig-Probstzella railway further boosted the town's development. After World War I and the German Revolution of 1918–1919 , Saalfeld became part of the newly established Free State of Thuringia. As a railway junction and garrison town of the Wehrmacht armed forces from 1936, it was strongly affected by strategic bombing during World War II . Upon

182-564: The Gothic Saint John hall church erected at the site of a Romanesque predecessor building until 1514. The Gothic town hall was completed in 1537. The ruling dynasty reached its height of importance, when in 1423 all Wettin lands including the Thuringian estates were incorporated into the Electorate of Saxony ( Upper Saxony ). However, already in 1485 Elector Ernest of Saxony agreed on

208-545: The Leipzig partition with his younger brother Duke Albert III . Ernest retained the southern Thuringian estates with Saalfeld; his grandson John Frederick I lost the electoral dignity in the 1547 Capitulation of Wittenberg ending the Schmalkaldic War , along with all his possessions outside of Thuringia. Confirmed by Emperor Maximilian II at the 1570 Diet of Speyer , John Frederick's Ernestine descendants only retained

234-750: The Proto-Indo-European root * séles 'marsh', akin to Welsh hêl, heledd 'river meadow', Cornish heyl 'estuary', Greek hélos 'marsh, meadow', Sanskrit sáras 'lake, pond', Sárasvati 'sacred river', Old Persian Harauvati ' Hārūt River ; Arachosia ', Avestan Haraxvatī , idem. It may also be related to the Indo-European root * sal , "salt". The Slavic name of the Saale, Solawa , still found in Sorbian texts, comes from Old High German sol , "salt", and awa , "water". The Saale originates on

260-764: The Saxon Saale ( German : Sächsische Saale pronounced [ˈzɛksɪʃə ˈzaːlə] ) and Thuringian Saale ( German : Thüringische Saale ), is a river in Germany and a left-bank tributary of the Elbe . It is not to be confused with the smaller Franconian Saale , a right-bank tributary of the Main , or the Saale in Lower Saxony , a tributary of the Leine . The name Saale comes from

286-702: The Saale River, was said to have been originally erected by the German King Henry the Fowler , although the present-day building was not built before the 16th century. In 1012 the last Ottonian emperor Henry II ceded the former Carolingian Kaiserpfalz to Count Palatine Ezzo of Lotharingia , whose daughter Richeza bequested it to the Archbishops of Cologne . According to the local chronicler Lambert of Hersfeld , Archbishop Anno II of Cologne in 1071 established

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312-513: The Saale reaches Rudolstadt . Here it receives the waters of the Schwarza , in whose valley lies the ruined castle of Schwarzburg , the ancestral seat of the formerly ruling House of Schwarzburg . From Saalfeld, the Saale enters the limestone hill region north of the Thuringian Forest, and sweeps beneath the hills enclosing the university town of Jena . It enters Saxony-Anhalt and passes

338-695: The Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld branch. Until 1825, Saalfeld remained one of two capitals of the duchy, together with Coburg , its Franconian sister town to the south. The 4th Duke Ernest Frederick (1724–1800) was the last to be born in Saalfeld; in 1764, he moved the capital from Saalfeld to Coburg, where in 1805 his son and heir Duke Francis (1750–1806) would buy Rosenau Castle as his residence. Francis' children were linked to many of Europe's royal families: His daughter Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (1786–1861) by her marriage with Prince Edward became

364-519: The citizens in 1208 had to receive town privileges from the hands of the Counts of Schwarzburg as their feudal lords. In 1389 the town finally was acquired by Landgrave Balthasar of Thuringia , a member of the House of Wettin . Saalfeld's economy prospered from surrounding mines , transport on the Saale River as well as from fishing (expressed by the barbels in the town's coat of arms). The Wettin rulers had

390-447: The district is the Saale , which also gave it its name. The highest elevation with 475 m above sea level is in the south of the district, the lowest with 118 m is in the Saale valley at the boundary to the district Weimarer Land. In the left of the coat of arms is the silver bar as the symbol of the Lords of Lobdeburg, who owned of the valley of the Saale in the 13th century. In the bottom is

416-412: The duchies of Saxe-Weimar and (from 1572) Saxe-Coburg-Eisenach . Upon the death of Duke Frederick William I of Saxe-Weimar in 1602, Saalfeld passed to the newly established Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg , from 1673 Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg . After several blazes in the early 16th century, Saalfeld had been rebuilt in a lavish Renaissance style. In 1675 Duke Albert V of Saxe-Coburg upon his accession chose

442-630: The end of steam working in West Germany , the area became a mecca for railway enthusiasts for some years. However, despite being very close to the Inner German border to the south, it was only accessible by a very roundabout route. In July 2018 the former municipalities of Saalfelder Höhe and Wittgendorf were merged into Saalfeld. The former municipalities Reichmannsdorf and Schmiedefeld were merged into Saalfeld in January 2019. Traditionally, Saalfeld

468-2062: The left. Its upper course is rapid. Its valley, down to Merseburg, contains many castles which crown the enclosing heights. Originating in Zell , the Saale flows through – Sparneck – Weißdorf – Seulbitz – Förbau – Schwarzenbach an der Saale – Fattigau – Oberkotzau – Hof – Brunnenthal – Saalenstein – Joditz – Landesgrenze Bayern/Thüringen – Hirschberg – Sparnberg – Rudolphstein – Blankenberg – Blankenstein – Harra – Saaldorf – Saalburg – Poeritzsch – Gräfenwarth – Burgk – Walsburg – Ziegenrück – Neidenberga – Hohenwarte – Eichicht – Kaulsdorf – Fischersdorf – Weischwitz – Reschwitz – Breternitz – Saalfeld – Schwarza – Volkstedt – Rudolstadt – Catharinau – Kolkwitz – Weißen – Uhlstädt – Rückersdorf – Zeutsch – Niederkrossen – Orlamünde – Freienorla – Großeutersdorf – Kleineutersdorf – Kahla – Großpürschütz – Jägersdorf – Rothenstein – Maua – Lobeda – Jena – Zwätzen – Porstendorf – Dornburg – Dorndorf-Steudnitz – Wichmar – Camburg – Tümpling – Großheringen – Kleinheringen – Landesgrenze Thüringen/Sachsen-Anhalt – Stendorf – Saaleck – Bad Kösen – Naumburg – Schellsitz - Schönburg – Eulau – Goseck – Leißling – Lobitzsch – Uichteritz – Markweben – Weißenfels – Dehlitz – Schkortleben – Kleinkorbetha – Großkorbetha – Oebles-Schlechtewitz – Wengelsdorf – Bad Dürrenberg – Kröllwitz – Leuna – Trebnitz – Merseburg – Meuschau – Freiimfelde – Schkopau – Korbetha – Hohenweiden – Rockendorf – Holleben – Halle – Kröllwitz – Lettin – Brachwitz – Schiepzig – Salzmünde – Pfützthal – Döblitz – Zaschwitz – Wettin – Kloschwitz – Rumpin – Dobis – Friedeburg – Zickeritz – Rothenburg – Nelben – Gnölbzig – Trebnitz – Alsleben – Poplitz – Großwirschleben – Plötzkau – Gröna – Neuborna – Bernburg – Dröbel – Nienburg – Wedlitz – Damaschkeplan – Wispitz – Calbe (Saale) – Trabitz – Groß Rosenburg – Werkleitz Left: Right: Saalfeld Saalfeld ( German : Saalfeld/Saale )

494-809: The lion of the Counts of Orlamünde, surrounded by 6 hearts. Their county went into the ownership of the Wettin family in 1396. The coat of arms of Saxony in the right is the same as the coat of arms of the Wettin, as they later became the rulers of Saxony. The coat of arms was approved on August 18, 1997. 1. Dornburg-Camburg 2. Heideland-Elstertal-Schkölen 3. Hermsdorf 4. Hügelland/Täler 5. Südliches Saaletal [seat: Kahla] 50°55′N 11°45′E  /  50.92°N 11.75°E  / 50.92; 11.75 Saale The Saale ( German pronunciation: [ˈzaːlə] ), also known as

520-939: The mother of Queen Victoria . Her brother Duke Ernest III of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (1784–1844) was the father of Queen Victoria's husband, Prince Consort Albert . This line continues unbroken from Queen Victoria through to King Charles III today. At about the same period, their brother Duke Leopold of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (1790–1865) became the ancestor of the royal House of Belgium in 1831, while their sister Princess Juliane of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (1781–1860) married Grand Duke Constantine Pavlovich of Russia . Other descendants of Duke Francis include Wilhelm II, German Emperor , Alexandra, Empress consort of Russia , Victoria, Queen consort of Spain , Ferdinand II, King consort of Portugal , Carlota, Empress consort of Mexico , Ferdinand I, King of Bulgaria , Sofía, Queen consort of Spain, Princess of Greece and Denmark , Maud, Queen consort of Norway , and Marie, Queen consort of Romania . During

546-523: The post-World War II division of Germany, Saalfeld was an Inner-German border station on the Saal Railway—one of two routes that could be taken by trains between Leipzig/Halle and Nuremberg. As a border station its steam locomotive shed assumed extra importance as Saalfeld essentially became the southern terminus of GDR train services. Due to the continued use of steam locomotives in East Germany after

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572-654: The slope of the Großer Waldstein mountain near Zell in the Fichtel Mountains in Upper Franconia ( Bavaria ), at an elevation of 728 metres (2,388 ft). It pursues a winding course in a northern direction, and after passing the manufacturing town of Hof , enters Thuringia . It flows amid well-wooded low mountains of the Thuringian Forest until it reaches the valley of Saalfeld . After leaving Saalfeld

598-465: The spa of Bad Kösen and, after receiving the deep and navigable Unstrut at Naumburg , flows past Weißenfels , Merseburg , Halle , Bernburg and Calbe . It finally joins the Elbe just above Barby , after traversing a distance of 413 kilometres (257 mi) —shortened 14 kilometres (9 mi) by a bypass from its natural length of 427 kilometres (265 mi). The Saale is navigable from Naumburg and

624-525: The time of Duke Ernest III in 1826, the neighbouring ducal line of Saxe-Gotha and Altenburg became extinct. Ernest received the former Saxe-Gotha but in exchange had to give up Saalfeld in favour of his Ernestine cousin Duke Bernhard II of Saxe-Meiningen . On 10 October 1806 a united Prussian and Saxon contingent met with a corps of the French Grande Armée under Marshall Jean Lannes at

650-423: The town as his residence and from 1677 onwards had Saalfeld Castle erected on the site of the destroyed Benedictine abbey, which in 1680 fell to his younger brother John Ernest IV . After Albert's death in 1699, John Ernest also claimed Saxe-Coburg and called himself a duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld . The Castle, which has been renovated and is today the town administrative building, was home to four generations of

676-424: Was known for its silver mines . Today, Saalfeld has a number of prosperous industries , including the manufacture of machinery , bricks , paint , malt , cigars , hosiery , chocolate and vinegar . Other industries are brewing , printing and iron-founding, and there are ochre and iron mines in the area. Tourism and recreation-related activities make up a significant part of the local economy. Saalfeld

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