135-467: Mount Temple was a passenger cargo steamship built in 1901 by Armstrong Whitworth & Company of Newcastle for Elder, Dempster & Co Ltd of Liverpool to operate as part of its Beaver Line. The ship was shortly afterwards acquired by the Canadian Pacific Railway . She was one of the first vessels to respond to the distress signals of RMS Titanic in 1912. In 1916, while crossing
270-407: A 2.7-litre flat four and a 4.1-litre flat six , the cylinders on both being identical with bore and stroke of 3.75in (95mm). The engines had the flywheel at the front of the engine, and the crankshaft had intermediate bearings between each pair of cylinders. Drive was to the rear wheels via a dual helical epicyclic gears and helical bevel axle. The cars were listed at £735 for the four and £900 for
405-702: A cargo of 1,361 heads of cattle, wheat, hay and other produce. The steamer conducted five more runs between Liverpool and Montreal until the end of navigation season on the St. Lawrence River in November 1903, carrying general cargo and immigrants from Europe to Canada, and returning with cattle, foodstuffs and lumber. She was subsequently reassigned to the London– Antwerp –Canada route, serving Saint John and Halifax in winter seasons, and Montreal in summers. For example, on 18 April 1905 she brought in 1,922 immigrants to Saint John,
540-591: A connection to the Greenway which promises to be an important network of quality. Between 2007 and 2011, the total length of cycle paths has doubled to 46 km (29 mi) in total length. It is possible to rent bicycles through agencies of the Océane bus or from the town hall (Vel-H) which has them on hand. Finally, 140 taxis work in Le Havre and serve 25 stations. Le Havre is one of two sub-prefectures of Seine-Maritime and
675-525: A consistent decline in newsprint and pulp prices after 1923, which was caused by overexpansion of the Canadian industry and wasn't predicted by either party of the project, both lacking experience in paper trade. Since on a falling paper market longtime players with established customer bases had a clear advantage, shareholders sold their well-working but overleveraged and loss-making business to International Paper & Power Company in 1927. The deal left AW with
810-455: A distance of 49.5 nautical miles (91.7 km; 57.0 mi) from the famous distress coordinates of Titanic , and roughly 60 miles (97 km) from the actual location of the disaster, Mount Temple was simply too far away to be seen from those aboard Titanic , and for those aboard Mount Temple to see Titanic or her distress rockets. Captain Moore and his crew made a desperate attempt to reach
945-512: A high level today. Changes in years 1990–2000 were numerous. The right won the municipal elections and committed the city to the path of reconversion, seeking to develop the service sector and new industries ( aeronautics , wind turbines ). The Port 2000 project increased the container capacity to compete with ports of northern Europe, transformed the southern districts of the city, and ocean liners returned. Modern Le Havre remains deeply influenced by its employment and maritime traditions. Its port
1080-522: A large thickness of chalk measuring up to 200 m (656 ft) deep. Because of the slope the coast is affected by the risk of landslides. Due to its location on the coast of the Channel, the climate of Le Havre is temperate oceanic . Days without wind are rare. There are maritime influences throughout the year. According to the records of the meteorological station of the Cap de la Heve (from 1961 to 1990),
1215-465: A loss of £2.8M, and the whole group collapsed. Shipbuilding was the major division of the company. From 1879 to 1880 the predecessor shipbuilding company of Charles Mitchell laid down a cruiser for the Chilean Navy at Low Walker Yard. This vessel was later supplied to Japan as the 'Tsukushi' of 1883; the ship was launched as of Armstrong Mitchell build. Between 1885 and 1918 Armstrong built warships for
1350-691: A major port city in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy region of northern France . It is situated on the right bank of the estuary of the river Seine on the Channel southwest of the Pays de Caux , very close to the Prime Meridian . Le Havre is the most populous commune of Upper Normandy, although the total population of the greater Le Havre conurbation is smaller than that of Rouen . After Reims , it
1485-855: A major role in the Siege of Port Arthur in the Russo-Japanese War was developed by Armstrong. After the Great War, Armstrong Whitworth converted its Scotswood Works to build railway locomotives. From 1919 it rapidly penetrated the locomotive market due to its modern plant. Its two largest contracts were 200 2-8-0s for the Belgian State Railways in 1920 and 327 Black 5 4-6-0s for the LMS in 1935/36. AW also modified locomotives. In 1926 Palestine Railways sent six of its H class Baldwin 4-6-0 locomotives to AW for conversion into 4-6-2 tank locomotives to work
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#17328913501981620-465: A new area is being developed: "Les Hauts de Bleville". This eco-district made up of housing units to HQE standards, a Joint Development Area (ZAC), and a school should have a total of 1,000 housing units. The peripheral suburbs of the commune grew in the postwar period. These are large housing estates in Caucriauville, Bois de Bleville, Mont-Gaillard, and Mare-rouge where a disadvantaged population
1755-682: A new company named Canadian Pacific Ocean Services, Ltd. As a result, Mount Temple was released by the British Admiralty back to her commercial service in October 1915. After the release, Mount Temple transported about 1,200 German prisoners of war (POWs) captured during the Battle of Loos from France to England before proceeding to Montreal, where she arrived on 28 October 1915. Mount Temple departed Montreal for her final voyage on 3 December 1916 for Brest , and then continuing to Liverpool. The ship
1890-652: A number of rockets bursting over an unidentified ship they were watching. The controversy surrounding Mount Temple was further stirred up in November 2020 by the PBS program Abandoning the Titanic , part of the Secrets of the Dead series. Airing in some countries as Titanic: A Dead Reckoning , it was co-produced and co-written by journalist and Titanic author Senan Molony . The show repeated some old claims about Mount Temple and its role in
2025-515: A ship since no passenger was on deck at 12 o'clock at night to be able to see it. Over the years, attempts have been made to stir up further controversy over Mount Temple ' s role in the sinking of the Titanic , often in a thinly-veiled attempt to deflect blame and responsibility from the Leyland liner Californian , which was probably closer to the scene of the tragedy, and whose officers reported seeing
2160-405: A steel hull, and a pair of three-cylinder triple-expansion steam engine , with cylinders of 22-inch (56 cm), 37-inch (94 cm) and 61-inch (150 cm) diameter with a 48-inch (120 cm) stroke that drove two screw propellers. Between them the two engines were rated at a total of 694 nominal horsepower and gave the ship a speed of 12.0 knots (22.2 km/h; 13.8 mph). The ship
2295-409: A steward, and acknowledged receipt of the signal to Titanic ' s wireless operator, Jack Phillips . Phillips had difficulty hearing the call from Durrant, however, because of the racket of steam which was then 'blowing off' from Titanic ' s funnels. Durrant made sure not to jam the ongoing exchange between Titanic and other ships, which he assumed to be closer to the scene. Ten minutes after
2430-464: A subsidiary company known as Vickers-Armstrongs . The aircraft and Armstrong Siddeley motors business were bought by J. D. Siddeley and became a separate entity. Production at the Scotswood Works ended in 1979 and the buildings were demolished in 1982. The forerunner companies, W. G. Armstrong & Co. and later, from 1883 Sir WG Armstrong Mitchell & Company , were heavily involved in
2565-418: A target to reduce emissions of CO 2 by 3% per year. To achieve this solar panels have been installed on several municipal buildings (city hall, hanging gardens). Since 2008, Le Havre has been part of the network of Energy Cities and, in this context, it applies the steps of Agenda 21 and an Environmental Approach to Urban Planning. The city has received many awards of eco-labels several times (Energy of
2700-404: A year later. A total of 1,464 locomotives were built at Scotswood Works before it was converted back to armaments manufacture in 1937. After the end of WWI demand for armaments and naval ships all but evaporated, and Armstrong Whitworth had to look into diversifying its business. The company built a hydroelectric station at Nymboida, New South Wales , near Grafton, Australia in 1923–1924. This
2835-541: Is a TGV daily service to Le Havre: it has connected the city to Marseille since December 2004 serving Rouen, Mantes-la-Jolie , Versailles , Massy , Lyon , Avignon , Aix-en-Provence , and Saint Charles station in Marseille. There are also local services from Le Havre station to Rolleville and Fécamp. Le Havre-Graville station in the eastern part of the city is served by trains to Rolleville. No direct rail link connects Le Havre and Caen yet many projects – known as
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#17328913501982970-454: Is also attested in similar forms such as estable and probably dates back to the ancient Scandinavian stafn . When founded in 1517, the city was named Franciscopolis after Francis I of France . It was subsequently named Le Havre-de-Grâce ("Harbor of Grace"; hence Havre de Grace, Maryland ). Its construction was ordered to replace the ancient harbours of Honfleur and Harfleur whose utility had decreased due to silting. The history of
3105-536: Is also the second largest subprefecture in France. The name Le Havre means "the harbour" or "the port". Its inhabitants are known as Havrais or Havraises . The city and port were founded by King Francis I in 1517. Economic development in the early modern period was hampered by religious wars , conflicts with the English, epidemics, and storms. It was from the end of the 18th century that Le Havre started growing and
3240-439: Is also the third best city in France with more than 100,000 inhabitants for air quality. A Carbon accounting showed in 2009 that the municipality ejected some 32,500 tonnes of CO 2 per year. In 2011 the average annual emissions of sulfur dioxide by industry was between three micrograms per cubic metre in the centre of Le Havre to twelve micrograms per cubic metre in the district of Caucriauville. The municipality has set
3375-528: Is concentrated. In October 2004 the National Agency for Urban Renewal (ANRU) signed with the municipality of Havre the first agreement to finance the rehabilitation of these areas. This finance agreement provides more than 340 million euros for the housing estates in the northern districts, where about 41,000 people reside. This development extends the budget for the Grand Projet de Ville (GPV). It allows
3510-580: Is displayed in the Discovery Museum , Newcastle upon Tyne . Armstrong Whitworth established an Aerial Department in 1912. This later became the Sir W. G. Armstrong Whitworth Aircraft Company . When Vickers and Armstrong Whitworth merged in 1927 to form Vickers-Armstrongs, Armstrong Whitworth Aircraft was bought out by J. D. Siddeley and became a separate entity. The Elswick Ordnance Company (sometimes referred to as Elswick Ordnance Works, but usually as "EOC")
3645-697: Is located 50 kilometres (31 miles) west of Rouen on the shore of the English Channel and at the mouth of the Seine . Numerous roads link to Le Havre with the main access roads being the A29 autoroute from Amiens and the A13 autoroute from Paris linking to the A131 autoroute . Administratively, Le Havre is a commune in the Normandy region in the west of the department of Seine-Maritime . The urban area of Le Havre corresponds roughly to
3780-755: Is located at 41°43.5′N 49°56.8′W / 41.7250°N 49.9467°W / 41.7250; -49.9467 ) When this message was received, Captain Moore was asleep. After being awakened, he assessed the situation carefully. He had standing orders to avoid icebergs, but after receiving the distress call he decided to mount a rescue operation. He immediately turned his ship around and steamed north-northeast at an estimated speed of 11 + 1 ⁄ 2 knots (21.3 km/h; 13.2 mph) towards Titanic ' s last reported position of 41°46′N 50°14′W / 41.767°N 50.233°W / 41.767; -50.233 . He consulted with his chief engineer, John Gillet, to try to coax even more speed out of
3915-515: Is named after Mount Temple for her role in the sinking of the Titanic . On 24 September 1913 Mount Temple left Montreal at 05:20 for her regular trip, carrying a large cargo of grain for London and general cargo for Antwerp. She was still under command of Captain Moore, and had a pilot on board. At the time of her departure, the weather was foggy. The vessel proceeded as far as the new drydock before changing her course too far south and subsequently ran aground opposite off Maisonneuve at 05:35 on
4050-437: Is revitalizing areas neglected by industrial and port activities by developing tertiary activities. Thus, the docks have been completely transformed into sports and entertainment complexes ( Dock Océane ), a mall (Docks Vauban), and an exhibition hall (Docks Café). Les Bains Des Docks was designed by the architect Jean Nouvel . At the end of 2012 students from Sciences-Po Europe Asia and from INSA integrated new buildings next to
4185-608: Is still in use and is substantially original. In 1925 the company tendered unsuccessfully to construct the South Brisbane-Richmond Gap (on the New-South Wales-Queensland border) section of the last stage of the standard gauge railway linking Sydney and Brisbane . This was a heavily engineered railway which includes a long tunnel under the Richmond Range forming the state border and a spiral just south of
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4320-500: Is strongly contested by historians. In January 2021, a well-known team of Titanic historians and authors released a rebuttal paper entitled: 'Abandoning the Titanic ' , Abandoning Reality: The Truth About the SS Mount Temple .' Although the new show attempts to discredit Captain Moore of Mount Temple and lays blame for "abandoning" Titanic and those aboard her to their fate, the historical record clearly proves otherwise. At
4455-424: Is subject to a rising water table . The lack of watercourses within the commune prevents flooding from overflows. Le Havre's beach may rarely experience flooding known as "flooding from storms". These are caused by the combination of strong winds, high waves, and a large tidal range . A study by Aphekom comparing ten large French cities showed that Le Havre is the least polluted urban commune of France. Le Havre
4590-528: Is the Transport hub of Lyon . Many holiday destinations are offered each year ( Tunisia , Balearic Islands, Portugal, Greece, Bulgaria , etc.) through local travel agencies that charter aircraft. There is also the Flying club Jean Maridor at the airport. The Channel maritime links with Portsmouth in southern England with P&O Ferries ended on 30 September 2005 to be taken over by LD Lines who had changed
4725-419: Is the second largest in France, after that of Marseille , for total traffic, and the largest French container port. In 2005, UNESCO inscribed the central city of Le Havre as a World Heritage Site because of its unique post-WWII reconstruction and architecture. The André Malraux Modern Art Museum is the second of France for the number of impressionist paintings . The city has been awarded two flowers by
4860-399: The 40 range. This was joined by four larger cars ranging from the 2.7-litre 15/20 to the 3.7-litre 25.5 . The first six-cylinder model, the 30/50 with 5.1-litre 90 mm (3.5 in) bore by 135 mm (5.3 in) stroke engine came in 1912 with the option of electric lighting. This grew to 5.7 litres in 1913. At the outbreak of war, as well as the 30/50, the range consisted of
4995-658: The A29 autoroute (E44) has connected Le Havre to the north of France and passes over the Normandy Bridge which makes Amiens (in the north-east) two hours away and Caen (in the south-west) one hour. The TER network was modernized with the creation of the LER line in 2001 and direct services to Fécamp in 2005. Thirteen Corail trains of the Paris–Le Havre line link Le Havre station with Bréauté-Beuzeville, Yvetot , Rouen and Paris Saint-Lazare station . In addition there
5130-489: The British Museum 's Natural History Department . The ship was captured roughly 620 nautical miles (1,150 km; 710 mi) W 1 / 2 S off Fastnet early in the afternoon of 6 December 1916. SMS Möwe , outwardly a cargo ship, caught up with Mount Temple and fired a shot across her bow. After Mount Temple ' s gun crew manned the gun, Möwe fired back and with its superior firepower hit
5265-569: The French Revolution but was not imposed. However it explains why the complementary determinant -de-Grace was not restored. This qualifier undoubtedly referred to the Chapel of Notre Dame located at the site of the cathedral of the same name . The chapel faced the Chapel Notre Dame de Grace of Honfleur across the estuary. The common noun havre meaning "port" was out of use at the end of
5400-517: The Hanging Gardens and Fort Tourneville hosted the Tetris project in 2013 – an axis of contemporary music with concert halls and rehearsal studios. To the north of the "coast" suburban districts such as Rouelles, Sainte-Cecile, la Mare au Clerc, Sanvic, Bleville, and Dollemard were developed during the first half of the 19th century. In their extension North-west between Bleville and Octeville airport
5535-553: The Humber River ) received support from the local government and loan guarantees both from it and the UK; Squires even campaigned on it, making "Hum on the Humber" his slogan for the 1923 Newfoundland general election . The company was heavily involved with the establishment of the town of Deer Lake. The hydroelectric station there was built between 1922 and 1925, while the canal system used by
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5670-471: The Mesozoic period. The Paris Basin consists of sedimentary rocks . The commune of Le Havre consists of two areas separated by a natural cliff edge: one part in the lower part of the town to the south including the harbour, the city centre and the suburbs. It was built on former marshland and mudflats that were drained in the 16th century. The soil consists of several metres of alluvium or silt deposited by
5805-589: The Royal Navy , Beiyang Fleet , Imperial Russian Navy , Brazil Navy Imperial Japanese Navy , and the United States Navy . Amongst these were HMS Glatton which, due to bodged construction, suffered a magazine explosion in Dover Harbour less than one month after commissioning. Armstrong Mitchell and later Armstrong Whitworth built many merchant ships, freighters, tank-ships, and dredgers; notable among them
5940-468: The Seine . The city centre was rebuilt after the Second World War using a metre of flattened rubble as a foundation. The upper town to the north, is part of the cauchois plateau : the neighbourhood of Dollemard is its highest point (between 90 and 115 metres (295 and 377 feet) above sea level ). The plateau is covered with a layer of flinty clay and a fertile silt . The bedrock consists of
6075-601: The Wilson-Pilcher , designed by Walter Gordon Wilson , and produced cars under the Armstrong Whitworth name until 1919, when the company merged with Siddeley-Deasy and to form Armstrong Siddeley . The Wilson-Pilcher was an advanced car, originally with a 2.4-litre engine, that had been made in London from 1901 until 1904 when production moved to Newcastle. When Armstrong Whitworth took over production two models were made,
6210-563: The eighth (former cantons II, III, IV, VIII, IX). Several politicians have spent part of their lives in the city: Jules Lecesne (1818–1878), Jules Siegfried (1837–1922), and Félix Faure (1841–1899) were elected as municipal councillors and MPs. A pool, a shopping centre and a street have been named after René Coty from Le Havre, who served as President of the French Republic from 1954 to 1959. Christine Lagarde (born 1956) attended high schools in Le Havre before becoming Minister of
6345-471: The "Southwest Line" – to link Le Havre to the left bank of the Seine downstream from Rouen, near the estuary of the river, were studied in the second half of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century but none have been realized. By public transport it is necessary to go to Rouen by train or bus (using No. 20 Green Bus ). There is a Gray Coach to Étretat and Fécamp and there is VTNI for destinations in
6480-462: The 18th or beginning of the 19th centuries but is still preserved in the phrase havre de paix meaning "safe haven". It is generally considered a loan from Middle Dutch from the 12th century. A Germanic origin can explain the "aspiration" of the initial h . Havre de Grace, Maryland , in the United States retains the "de Grace" from colonial times. New research however focuses on the fact that
6615-555: The 1900s. The owners of the Reid Newfoundland Company convinced AW to invest in building a second paper mill at Corner Brook , to be supplied with hydroelectricity from a generating station 50 km away at Deer Lake . A joint venture , the Newfoundland Power and Paper Company, was founded in 1923. After much fighting between Harry Reid and then-PM of the dominion Richard Squires , the so-called Humber project (after
6750-483: The 19th and the first half of the 20th centuries. The shops are concentrated along several major roads in the Rond-Point neighbourhood. During the 1990s and 2000s, these neighborhoods have seen major redevelopments, particularly in the context of an OPAH: improvement of habitat by rehabilitation or reconstruction, creation of public facilities, and revitalization of business. At the end of the 20th century and beginning of
6885-474: The 19th century, it became an industrial center. At the end of World War I Le Havre played a major role as the transit port used to wind up affairs after the war. The city was devastated during the Battle of Normandy when 5,000 people were killed and 12,000 homes were totally destroyed before its capture in Operation Astonia . The center was rebuilt in a modernist style by Auguste Perret . Le Havre
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#17328913501987020-517: The 21st century, the area around the railway station has undergone a major transformation. As the station is the gateway to the city with the main avenues intersecting here. New buildings have sprung up ( University of Le Havre , the conservatory, headquarters of the SPB (Provident Society Bank), and of CMA CGM , Novotel , Matmut, new CCI) some of which were designed by renowned architects. The bus station, certified NF since 2005, has been refurbished. North of
7155-488: The 3-litre 17/25 and the 3.8-litre 20/30 . The cars were usually if not always bodied by external coachbuilders and had a reputation for reliability and solid workmanship. The company maintained a London sales outlet at New Bond Street. When Armstrong Whitworth and Vickers merged, Armstrong Whitworth's automotive interests were purchased by J D Siddeley as Armstrong Siddeley , based in Coventry . An Armstrong Whitworth car
7290-409: The 4.3-litre 18/22 and in 1910 by the 3.7-litre 25 , which seems to have shared the same chassis as the 30 and 40 . In 1911, a new small car appeared in the shape of the 2.4-litre 12/14 , called the 15.9 in 1911, featuring a monobloc engine with pressure lubrication to the crankshaft bearings. This model had an 110-inch (2,800 mm) wheelbase compared with the 120 inches (3,000 mm) of
7425-541: The Admiralty to serve as a food and troop transport. In her transport capacity she sailed between England and France carrying troops and provision. For example, on 12–15 February 1915 Mount Temple carried 15th Battalion of the 48th Highlanders from Bristol to St Nazaire . During the war she was defensively armed with a 3-inch (76 mm) naval gun on her stern. In August 1915 it was announced that Allan Line Steamships and Canadian Pacific Railway had merged forming
7560-648: The Armstrong breech-loading gun, with which the British Army was re-equipped after the Crimean War . In 1882, it merged with the shipbuilding firm of Charles Mitchell to form Armstrong Mitchell & Company and at the time its works extended for over a mile (about 2 km) along the bank of the River Tyne . Armstrong Mitchell merged again with the engineering firm of Joseph Whitworth in 1897. The company expanded into
7695-582: The Atlantic with horses for the war effort and carrying a large number of newly collected dinosaur fossils (two of which were the hadrosaurs Corythosaurus ), she was captured and scuttled complete with her cargo. Following acquisition of Beaver Line in 1899 and resolving all the legal questions surrounding it, Elder, Dempster placed an order for a vessel of about 11,000 tons deadweight (DWT) to run on this line between Liverpool , United Kingdom, and Canadian ports and New Orleans , Louisiana. Mount Temple
7830-537: The Brazilian architect Oscar Niemeyer and nicknamed "the Volcano" because of the shape of the building. From 2012, this place was refurbished both inside and outside with fairly significant changes approved by the architect including greater openness to the outside of the plaza. The Notre Dame and Perrey neighbourhoods are mainly residential. Les Halles is one of the commercial hubs of the city. The Saint Francis neighborhood
7965-634: The Economy and Director-General of the International Monetary Fund in 2011. Since 23 October 2010 the mayor has been Édouard Philippe ( UMP ). He also holds the presidency of the CODAH and has held a seat in the National Assembly for the 7th district of Seine-Maritime since 2012. He succeeded Antoine Rufenacht (UMP), who was mayor of Le Havre for fifteen years before resigning, as the head of
8100-570: The Future label in 2009–2011, sustainable Earth label in 2009). Since 1998, Le Havre's beach has received the Blue Flag yearly thanks to its range of facilities, which extend over 30,000 m . Le Havre has kept extensive green areas (750 hectares or 41 m per inhabitant ), the two largest areas are the Montgeon Forest and Rouelles Park which are both located in the upper town. The gardens of
8235-513: The ISEL (Higher Institute of logistics studies) and the future ENSM (Ecole Nationale Supérieure Maritime). The new medical axis around the new Clinic des Ormeaux was built in the neighbourhoods where many homes are planned with the aim of promoting social mix. The City of the Sea and of Sustainable Development (Odyssey 21) will be organized around a metal tower one hundred metres high designed by Jean Nouvel :
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#17328913501988370-491: The Industrial Zone and Port of Le Havre, thus adding to the cross-estuary service of VTNI. Since 1890 the funicular has provided a link between the upper town and the lower town in four minutes with a cable car. Le Havre had a tramway system from 1894 until it closed in 1957. More recently a new tramway system, with 23 stations and 13 km (8 mi) of route, was built, and opened on 12 December 2012. The first part of
8505-636: The National Council of Towns and Villages in Bloom in the Competition of Cities and Villages in Bloom. The name of the town was attested in 1489, even before it was founded by François I in the form le Hable de Grace then Ville de Grace in 1516, two years before its official founding. The learned and transient name of Franciscopolis in tribute to the same king, is encountered in some documents then that of Havre Marat , referring to Jean-Paul Marat during
8640-453: The PR's steeply graded branch between Jaffa and Jerusalem. PR also sent another six H Class Baldwins for their defective steel fireboxes to be replaced with copper ones. AW's well-equipped works included its own design department and enabled it to build large locomotives, including an order for 30 engines of three types for the modernisation of the South Australian Railways in 1926. These included ten 500 class 4-8-2 locomotives, which were
8775-424: The Priory of Graville and the hanging gardens offer views of the lower city. In the city centre, Saint-Roch Square and the City Hall Gardens provide the people with urban recreation areas. Various ecosystems are represented in the Beach Gardens and the Hauser Park (caves). Finally, the Plateau of Dollemard was classified as a "Sensitive Natural Area" of the department in 2001 to protect its landscape and ecosystems on
8910-409: The Seine valley and Rouen who provide inter-urban services on behalf of the Department of Seine-Maritime . Finally, the company AirPlus provides a shuttle service to the railway stations and airports of Paris. For air transport, there is Le Havre Octeville Airport which is located 5 km (3 mi) north of Le Havre at the town of Octeville-sur-Mer and managed by CODAH . The main destination
9045-441: The UK license for Sulzer diesels from 1919, and by the 1930s was building diesel locomotives and railcars. An early example is the Tanfield Railway 's 0-4-0 diesel-electric shed pilot, No.2 , which was built by AW as works number D22 in 1933. In the same year, the company launched the UK's first mainline diesel locomotive, the 800 bhp "Universal". It was successful in trials, but not repaired after an engine crankcase explosion
9180-499: The United States was neutral at the time. The others were interned as POWs. 46°44′N 34°05′W / 46.733°N 34.083°W / 46.733; -34.083 Armstrong Whitworth Sir W G Armstrong Whitworth & Co Ltd was a major British manufacturing company of the early years of the 20th century. With headquarters in Elswick , Newcastle upon Tyne , Armstrong Whitworth built armaments , ships , locomotives , automobiles and aircraft . The company
9315-415: The aft holds to even the ship. The ship was also taking on water indicating that some bottom plates were damaged in the grounding. The steamer was eventually floated in the morning of 26 September and was taken to dock where she had to unload her cargo of grain. The situation was somewhat exacerbated by the fact that Montreal had limited grain discharging equipment installed being a grain export port. Following
9450-470: The ageing vessel. Moore worked out his own rough position as 41°25′N 51°14′W / 41.417°N 51.233°W / 41.417; -51.233 , about 61 nautical miles (113 km; 70 mi) south and west from the now-established location of the wreck of the Titanic ( 41°43.5′N 49°56.8′W / 41.7250°N 49.9467°W / 41.7250; -49.9467 ). Even at full speed, it would take around four hours to cover
9585-500: The amount of ice becoming ever greater, Mount Temple heaved-to around 14 nautical miles (26 km; 16 mi) short of Titanic ' s last reported position at around 03:25 and continued drifting through the ice field until the daybreak. She reached the last known position of Titanic around 04:30, and found herself in a heavily packed ice-field, but no trace of survivors or wreckage. After about half an hour wait, Moore proceeded south-southeast looking for an opening to pass thorough
9720-461: The area on 6 December had shifted the steamer about twenty feet (6.1 m) closer to the island, and with that her position had markedly improved. Mount Temple had to spend the winter stranded, but was not damaged by the storms, and three attempts were made to float the steamer in February 1908, yet all of them proved to be unsuccessful. Finally, on 15 April 1908 the ship was successfully refloated and
9855-475: The border. AW's tender price was £1,333,940 compared with Queensland Railway's tender price of £1,130,142. In the mid-1920s the company clearly was trying to break into the booming Australian market, but was stymied by a preference for local companies. The Dominion of Newfoundland , an island country then mostly dependent on its fishery, had plenty of pulpwood but only one paper mill at Grand Falls-Windsor and one pulp mill at Bishop's Falls , both built in
9990-417: The bus network in 2008 helped to ensure a better service for all the towns in the metropolitan area. The CTPO operates a bus network consisting of 19 regular urban routes and six evening routes called the "Midnight Bus". The Le Havre urban area is served by 165 vehicles and 41 regular bus routes with an average of 100,000 passengers per day. From January 2011 there has been a regular shuttle service specific to
10125-589: The city is inextricably linked to its harbour. In the 18th century, as trade from the West Indies was added to that of France and Europe, Le Havre began to grow. On 19 November 1793, the city changed its name to Hâvre de Marat and later Hâvre-Marat in honor of the recently deceased Jean-Paul Marat , who was seen as a martyr of the French Revolution . By early 1795, however, Marat's memory had become somewhat tarnished, and on 13 January 1795, Hâvre-Marat changed its name once more to simply Le Havre, its modern name. During
10260-502: The city of Le Havre on 15 July 2005 as a World Heritage Site . This area of 133 hectares is one of the few inscribed contemporary sites in Europe. The architecture of the area is characterized by the use of precast concrete using a system of a modular frame of 6.24 metres and straight lines. Another notable architectural work of the central city is that of the House of Culture built in 1982 by
10395-624: The cliff. The streets are lined with 13,000 trees of 150 different varieties. Largely destroyed by the Allies during the Second World War , the city was rebuilt according to the plans of the architect Auguste Perret between 1945 and 1964. Only the City Hall and the Church of Saint Joseph (107 m-high) were personally designed by Auguste Perret. In commending the reconstruction work UNESCO listed
10530-524: The configuration. Two services to Portsmouth are provided daily from the Terminal de la Citadelle until ceasing operations in 2014, the route has since been taken over by Brittany Ferries . The link to Ireland was moved to the port of Cherbourg . Crossing times to Portsmouth vary from five hours and thirty minutes to eight hours. Popular alternative routes going to areas close to Le Havre include Newhaven to Dieppe , and Poole to Cherbourg . The city and
10665-567: The construction of hydraulic engineering installations. Notable examples include: Between 1880 and 1925 they built a number of warships: They built oil tankers , including: Armstrong Whitworth built a few railway locomotives between 1847 and 1868, but it was not until 1919 that the company made a concerted effort to enter the railway market. Contracts were obtained for the construction and supply of steam and diesel locomotives to railway systems in Britain and overseas, including those detailed in
10800-443: The demolition and rebuilding of more than 1,700 homes. For a long time Le Havre has exploited the strengths of its coastal location but also suffered from its relative isolation. This is why the accessibility of the city has been improved with the harbour highway A131 (E05) which links Le Havre to the A13 autoroute over Tancarville Bridge . The city is one hour from Rouen and one and a half-hour from Île-de-France . More recently
10935-460: The disaster, and made some new ones. Among these claims, it was said that Mount Temple was much closer to Titanic when the SOS was received, that Mount Temple approached to within five miles (8.0 km) of Titanic when Captain Moore decided to retreat after encountering the ice field in an attempt to avoid risk to his own ship, and that Mount Temple matched the appearance of the "mystery ship" that
11070-404: The distance between his ship and Titanic. Once underway, Moore had his off-duty crew awakened and briefed and ordered the 20 lifeboats aboard uncovered. He had ropes and ladders readied, lifebelts prepared and posted extra lookouts to aid avoiding the icebergs reported in the area. Initial progress was good but after finding his ship coming upon a large ice field at around 03:00 on 15 April,
11205-406: The east (St. Cecilia, Aplemont). The Jenner tunnel passes under the "coast" and connects the upper town to the lower town. It is also on the coast that there are two fortifications of the city, Forts Sainte-Adresse and Tourneville, and the main cemetery (Sainte-Marie cemetery). With the demise of the military functions of the city, the forts are gradually being converted: Fort Sainte-Adresse houses
11340-413: The fires. A huge tidal wave then smashed over the vessel, destroying about half of the lifeboats on board. Several distress signals were made but due to rough weather no help could be dispatched until the next morning. At daylight it was observed that Mount Temple was on the ledges of the island and there were about 75 feet (23 m) between the steamer and the cliffs. Since it was unsafe to disembark
11475-455: The first distress call from Titanic was received (at 00:21 ship's time, 22:35 New York time), another message came in from Titanic with corrected distress coordinates: the position of 41°46′N 50°14′W / 41.767°N 50.233°W / 41.767; -50.233 . This position was 13 miles (21 km) west of where Titanic actually sank, as confirmed by the wreck's coordinates. (The center of Titanic ' s boiler field
11610-516: The following table. Cannons and other armament were produced by the Elswick Ordnance Company , the armament division of Armstrong Whitworth. An especially notable example is the Armstrong 100-ton gun . Le Havre Le Havre ( / l ə ˈ h ɑː v ( r ə )/ lə HAHV( -rə) ; French: [lə ɑvʁ(ə)] ; Norman : Lé Hâvre [lɛ ˈhɑvʁ(ə)] ) is
11745-517: The funnel and the boat deck, silencing the gun. Three crew members aboard Mount Temple were killed in the brief battle. A fourth was wounded, and died a few days later aboard Möwe . Over a hundred crew and passengers were taken off the vessel before explosives were used to help scuttle her at about 18:00. On 12 December 1916, they were brought aboard the captured British ship Yarrowdale , and arrived at Swinemunde, Germany on 31 December. The US citizens among them were released in early March 1917 as
11880-535: The hydroelectric station helped to expand the forestry operations in the area. Some of the equipment used in the construction of the Panama Canal was shipped to Newfoundland. The pulp and paper mill in Corner Brook began operations in 1925. Overall, AW spent about £5M (equivalent to £360 million in 2023) on the development, which went significantly over the original budget and led to an overdraft, only to witness
12015-584: The largest non-articulated locomotives built in Great Britain, and were based on Alco drawings modified by AW and SAR engineers. They were a sensation in Australia. AW went on to build 20 large three-cylinder "Pacific" type locomotives for the Central Argentine Railway (F.C.C.A) in 1930, with Caprotti valve gear and modern boilers. They were the most powerful locomotives on the F.C.C.A. AW obtained
12150-522: The largest number brought by a single ship at the time, destined for settlement in Western Canada. Mount Temple left Antwerp on 20 November 1907 on her usual route to Saint John, carrying around 6,000 tons of general cargo and 633 passengers. She was under command of Captain Boothby and had a crew of about 150. After passing Cape Pine , the captain took soundings in the morning of 1 December to ascertain
12285-579: The line connects the beach to the station climbing to the upper town through a new tunnel near the Jenner tunnel then it splits into two: one link going to Mont-Gaillard, the other to Caucriauville. Finally, since 2001 Le Havre agglomeration has operated the LER, a TER line connecting the Le Havre station to Rolleville passing through five other SNCF railway stations of the urban area. From 2005, development work for Segregated cycle facilities have increased including
12420-504: The main Armstrong businesses to form Sir W.G. Armstrong & Company. EOC was then the armaments branch of W.G. Armstrong & Company and later of Armstrong Whitworth. Elswick Ordnance was a major arms developer before and during World War I . The ordnance and ammunition it manufactured for the British Government were stamped EOC, while guns made for export were usually marked "W.G. Armstrong". The 28 cm howitzer L/10 which played
12555-555: The manufacture of cars and trucks in 1902, and created an "aerial department" in 1913, which became the Armstrong Whitworth Aircraft subsidiary in 1920. In 1927, it merged with Vickers Limited to form Vickers-Armstrongs . The Armstrong Whitworth was manufactured from 1904, when the company decided to diversify to compensate for a fall in demand for artillery after the end of the Boer War . It took over construction of
12690-446: The measured mile on the Tyne in very unfavorable weather, she was transferred to her owners and immediately departed for New Orleans. The vessel was constructed for general cargo trade, and had an iron shelter deck built over the whole length of the ship, good for about 1,100 heads of cattle. She also had all the modern machinery fitted for quick loading and unloading of the cargo. In addition,
12825-492: The metropolitan area has a dense transport network. This solves the problem of a break between the lower town and the upper town and the two parts of the city are connected by long boulevards, winding roads, many stairs, a funicular , and finally the Jenner tunnel. The CODAH transport network is called Lia and is operated by the Ocean Port Transport company (CTPO), a subsidiary of Veolia Transport . The overhaul of
12960-426: The mud banks of Longueuil . Ten or eleven tugs were dispatched right away, but they could not refloat the ship. Attempts to refloat the ship continued the next day as the ship's general cargo was being partially discharged to lighten the ship, but they proved to be unsuccessful. As most of the cargo was taken out from the forward holds, the vessel stern sunk deeper into the mud, which prompted the rescuers to also unload
13095-463: The municipality. The city of Le Havre has long been the strongest bastion of the Communist Party of France , who directed it from 1956 to 1995. Overall, the inhabitants of Le Havre in the 7th electoral district (city centre and western neighbourhoods) tend to vote for the right while those of the 8th electoral district (eastern neighbourhoods) tend to choose the candidate of the left. For example, in
13230-508: The night standing by but did not connect the towing cables and abandoned Dart the next day. Mount Temple set out on her usual voyage at 14:00 on 3 April 1912 from Antwerp bound for Saint John, New Brunswick. The steamer was under the command of captain James Henry Moore and was carrying 1,466 passengers, mostly steerage, and a crew of 143. On the night of 14–15 April, Mount Temple ' s Marconi wireless operator, John Durrant,
13365-461: The pack ice, but eventually reversed course back to north-northwest, shadowing the western edge of the ice pack. Some time between 6:00 and 06:30 Carpathia , commanded by Captain Arthur Rostron , was sighted to the east of the vessel, and SS Californian was observed to the north cutting across the ice field from east to west. At 06:52, after the sunrise, Moore took prime vertical sight of
13500-466: The passengers down the sides of the ship into the waters, the crew managed to get the cable from the ship tied directly to the cliffs, and started transferring people in a basket tied to the cable. As the sea subsided, the lifeboats were employed to speed up the evacuation, and the help arrived in the form of several fishing vessels, schooners Hazel and Guide , and the tug Trusty . By about 17:00 on 3 December all passengers were successfully moved from
13635-501: The port took off first with the slave trade then other international trade. After the 1944 bombings the firm of Auguste Perret began to rebuild the city in concrete. The oil, chemical, and automotive industries were dynamic during the Trente Glorieuses (postwar boom) but the 1970s marked the end of the golden age of ocean liners and the beginning of the economic crisis: the population declined, unemployment increased and remains at
13770-575: The presidential election of 2007, the 7th electoral district voted for Nicolas Sarkozy (UMP) by 55.05% against 44.95% for Ségolène Royal (PS) while in the 8th electoral district 55.02% voted for the Socialist candidate. However, the results of the 2012 presidential elections gave the PS wins in both districts with a smaller margin in the 7th (Hollande: 51.71% / Sarkozy: 48.29%) than in the 8th (Hollande 64.21% / Sarkozy: 35.79%). The number of inhabitants in Le Havre
13905-487: The project was suspended in 2007 but the work should finally begin in 2013. The municipality has to attract some 300,000 visitors per year. The upper town is composed of three parts: the "coast", the suburban districts of the plateau, and large peripheral housing estates. The neighbourhoods on the "coast" (the Dead Cliff) are residential – more prosperous in the western part (Les Ormeaux, Rue Felix Faure) and more modest to
14040-524: The region is the high variability of the temperature, even during the day. The prevailing winds are from the southwest sector for strong winds and north-north-east for breezes, snowstorms occur in winter, especially in January and February. The absolute speed record for wind at Le Havre – Cap de la Heve was recorded on 16 October 1987 at 180 kilometres per hour (112 miles per hour). The main natural hazards are floods, storms, and storm surges . The lower town
14175-673: The same day for New Orleans and arrived there on 9 October. As the steamer entered the service late in 1901, she only made three trips in Admiralty service before the war ended at the end of May 1902. Following her last trip to South Africa she started her normal commercial service. After the end of hostilities in South Africa Mount Temple sailed back to England and arrived at South Shields on 6 July 1902. She departed for her first commercial trip on 27 August for New Orleans in ballast and reached her destination on 15 September. There
14310-566: The second largest subprefecture in France after Reims . It is the capital of the Arrondissement of Le Havre which includes 168 communes. It is also the largest member of the Le Havre Seine Métropole . Since 2015, the city of Le Havre is divided over six Cantons , some of which also cover neighbouring communes. For the parliamentary elections, Le Havre spans two constituencies: the seventh (former cantons I, V, VI, and VII) and
14445-504: The ship was fitted with refrigerating machinery and insulated chambers to carry dairy produce and chilled meat. As built, the ship was 485 feet 0 inches (147.83 m) long ( between perpendiculars ) and 59 feet 0 inches (17.98 m) abeam , a depth of 30 feet 4 inches (9.25 m). Mount Temple was originally assessed at 7,656 gross register tons (GRT) and 4,989 net register tons (NRT) and had deadweight of about 11,200. The vessel had
14580-471: The ship's position. By late afternoon the weather deteriorated, becoming overcast, with occasional snow squalls appearing. At around midnight, the captain retired leaving the watch to the second officer, Griffith Owen Lewis, with an order to call him if the weather worsened. Between 01:00 and 02:00 on 2 December, the vessel ran into a series of snow squalls which got progressively stronger and more persistent. At about 02:30 it started snowing heavily and visibility
14715-635: The sinking. As soon as Mount Temple reached Canada, she became the center of controversy as two passengers, and allegedly some crew members, stated that the ship was close to Titanic but failed to come to her rescue as they saw her distress rockets and even watched her sinking. These speculations were ignored by both the American and British inquiries, and none of Mount Temple ' s officers either testified or submitted affidavits in support of these claims. Captain Moore himself testified that no passenger could have witnessed an event such as rockets bursting over
14850-569: The six. They were still theoretically available until 1907. According to Automotor in 1904, "Even the first Wilson-Pilcher car that made its appearance created quite a sensation in automobile circles at the time on account of its remarkably silent and smooth running, and of the almost total absence of vibration". The first Armstrong Whitworth car was the 28/36 of 1906 with a water-cooled, four-cylinder side-valve engine of 4.5 litres which unusually had "oversquare" dimensions of 120 mm (4.7 in) bore and 100 mm (3.9 in) stroke. Drive
14985-631: The station, another construction project in place of the dilapidated island of Turgot-Magellan will be opened in 2013, including 12,500 m (135,000 sq ft) of office space and an eight-storey hotel, complete with shops on the ground-floor. The southern districts of Le Havre are mainly used for industrial and port activities. There are buildings in brick from the 19th century, large developments (Chicago, Les Neiges), worker estates, SMEs, warehouses, dock and port facilities, and transport infrastructure. The southern districts have for some years experienced profound change due to European funding. It
15120-588: The stricken Titanic , but only reached the western side of the ice field that stood between her and the wreck site some 2 hours and 40 minutes after Titanic sank. There was no way that she could have reached Titanic in time to carry out a rescue; she did not 'abandon' Titanic . Mount Temple Seamount , one of the Fogo Seamounts southeast of the Grand Banks of Newfoundland in the North Atlantic Ocean,
15255-415: The sun to determine his position and found out he was several miles east of Titanic ' s reported longitude and, using dead reckoning , concluded that her actual accident location to be about eight miles (13 km) further east, across the ice field in front of him. Mount Temple sent a wireless request to Carpathia but received no answer. At around 08:30 Californian came along Carpathia as she
15390-413: The temperature drops below 0 °C (32 °F) on 24.9 days per year and it rises above 25 °C (77 °F) on 11.3 days per year. The average annual sunshine duration is 1,785.8 hours per year. Precipitation is distributed throughout the year, with a maximum in autumn and winter. The months of June and July are marked by some thunderstorms on average 2 days per month. One of the characteristics of
15525-455: The term was attested very early (12th century) and in Norman texts in the forms Hable , hafne , havene , havne , and haule makes a Dutch origin unlikely. By contrast, a Scandinavian etymology is relevant given the old Scandinavian höfn (genitive hafnar ) or hafn meaning "natural harbour" or "haven" and the phonetic evolution of the term étrave which is assuredly of Scandinavian origin
15660-518: The territory of the Agglomeration community of Le Havre (CODAH) which includes 17 communes and 250,000 people. It occupies the south-western tip of the natural region of Pays de Caux where it is the largest city. Le Havre is sandwiched between the coast of the Channel from south-west to north-west and the estuary of the Seine to the south. Le Havre belongs to the Paris Basin which was formed in
15795-483: The time, and brought it back to Liverpool, and another one in January–February 1903 when she transported a large cargo of cotton, wheat and lumber from New Orleans to Havre. On 24 February 1903, while Mount Temple was still en route, it was announced that the Canadian Pacific Railway acquired 14 steamers from Elder, Dempster Shipping, serving mostly on Beaver and Elder Lines, for £1,417,500. After completing all
15930-589: The transfer requirement, Mount Temple was refitted to carry large number of passengers, and the Marconi Company equipped her for wireless telegraphy . Her call sign was "MLQ". Following the redesign, the vessel was also reassessed at 8,790 GRT and 6,661 NRT . Mount Temple departed Liverpool for her first voyage under new ownership on 12 May 1903 carrying 12 cabin and 1,200 steerage passengers for Quebec City and about 1,000 tons of general cargo for Montreal . She returned to Liverpool on 10 June with
16065-492: The unloading of her cargo which took almost a week, Mount Temple was repaired and released from the drydock on 12 October. Mount Temple continued trading on her route all the way until Great Britain entered the World War I on 2 August 1914. She arrived at London on 5 August with her usual cargo from Montreal, but on 12 August it was announced that the steamer was requisitioned together with many other large commercial vessels by
16200-410: The vessel slowed until becoming increasingly surrounded by pack ice. Around this time, Mount Temple encountered what was thought to be a schooner with just a single green light, which went unidentified and caused the ship to take evasive action. This green light may have been a rocket or flare launched by either survivors of the Titanic or launched by RMS Carpathia speeding to the rescue. With
16335-538: The vessel took on board a cargo consisting of cotton, wheat and lumber and left New Orleans on 1 October for Liverpool via Havre . While leaving the port, the steamer ran aground outside the South Pass, but was successfully refloated next day and continued her journey. The steamer conducted one more trip in November–December 1902 to Galveston, Texas , where the steamer loaded the port's third largest cargo of cotton at
16470-402: The wrecked ship to the island, and 150 of them were taken to Bridgewater by Trusty . The rest of the passengers had to spend a night on the island, and were safely brought to Halifax the next day by the Canadian government steamer Lady Laurier . The ship was left stranded in a dangerous position and the chances of getting the vessel off were considered very slim, however, a new storm that hit
16605-524: Was laid down at the Armstrong Whitworth & Company shipyard in Walker and launched on 18 June 1901 ( yard number 709), with Mrs. Swan, the wife of Colonel Henry Frederick Swan, being the sponsor . At the time, she was the largest ship ever built at Low Walker Yard. After successful completion of sea trials on 19 September 1901, in which the ship maintained an average speed of 11 + 1 ⁄ 2 knots (21.3 km/h; 13.2 mph) over several runs on
16740-993: Was able to proceed under her own steam to Lunenburg . On 19 May 1908 it was reported that the repair contract was awarded to the Newport News Shipbuilding Co. and Mount Temple proceeded to Newport News, Virginia , from Halifax in tow on 22 May. The steamer sailed from Newport News on 22 August for Quebec City after almost three months of repairs, which cost Canadian Pacific about $ 140,000. Upon arrival she loaded her usual cargo and left 2 September for London, resuming her regular service. On 14 October 1911 while entering Gravesend Mount Temple collided with an Australian steamer SS Osterley anchored at Tilbury Dock, causing some slight damage to her bow. On 18 January 1912 Mount Temple on her trip from Halifax to London under command of Captain Moore encountered steamer SS Dart about 800 miles (1,300 km) east-northeast of Halifax, drifting helplessly with broken rudder. She spent
16875-409: Was about to sign off for the evening when at around 00:11 ship's time (22:25 New York Time) he picked up a distress signal from RMS Titanic , which was sinking after a collision with an iceberg . The message contained an erroneous distress position of 41°44′N 50°24′W / 41.733°N 50.400°W / 41.733; -50.400 . Durrant had the message relayed to the bridge by
17010-424: Was also rebuilt beginning in 1950 but in a radically different architectural style: the buildings are brick and have pitched slate roofs. This is the restaurant district and the fish market. To the east and north of the rebuilt central city are a stretch of old neighbourhoods (Danton, Saint-Vincent, Graville, Massillon, etc.) which were spared the bombings of World War II. The buildings, usually in brick, dated to
17145-500: Was being observed from Titanic because of the distance between her four masts , as later observed by the commander of the raider which sank Mount Temple in World War I. The show concluded that Californian ' s captain, Stanley Lord , was wrongly pilloried for failing to reach Titanic , when it was actually Mount Temple ' s Master who abandoned the doomed liner's passengers and crew to their fate. This hypothesis, however,
17280-402: Was finishing picking up the last survivors. At 08:31 Carpathia reported picking up 20 boats, and sent another message at 09:26 telling everyone there was no more need to stand by, following which, Moore gave the order to reverse course and continue the voyage to New Brunswick. Once Mount Temple had docked at Saint John on 19 April, he was summoned to the American and later British inquests into
17415-501: Was founded by William Armstrong in 1847, becoming Armstrong Mitchell and then Armstrong Whitworth through mergers. In 1927, it merged with Vickers Limited to form Vickers-Armstrongs , with its automobile and aircraft interests purchased by J D Siddeley . In 1847, the engineer William George Armstrong founded the Elswick works at Newcastle, to produce hydraulic machinery, cranes and bridges, soon to be followed by artillery, notably
17550-593: Was named after William Francis Cowper , Baron Mount Temple, a British politician, Lord of the Admiralty and at the time, also a chairman of Armstrong Whitworth & Company. After delivery to her owners on 19 September, Mount Temple was chartered by the Imperial Government to transport remounts for the British Army fighting in South Africa in the Second Boer War . She departed for her maiden journey on
17685-466: Was originally created in 1859 to separate William Armstrong's armaments business from his other business interests, to avoid a conflict of interest as Armstrong was then Engineer of Rifled Ordnance for the War Office and the company's main customer was the British Government. Armstrong held no financial interest in the company until 1864 when he left Government service, and Elswick Ordnance was reunited with
17820-466: Was reduced severely to only about half a length of the ship. About 02:35 the look-out reported a light ahead, which the second officer erroneously interpreted as another ship closing in. He ported the ship, and at 02:44 Mount Temple struck on the rocks of the West Ironbound Island . As the ship struck, the rocks pierced the steamer's hull right around the engine room flooding it and extinguishing
17955-510: Was the ice-breaking train ferries SS Baikal in 1897 and SS Angara in 1900, built to connect the Trans-Siberian Railway across Lake Baikal . The company built the first polar icebreaker in the world: Yermak was a Russian and later Soviet icebreaker, having a strengthened hull shaped to ride over and crush pack ice. In 1927, the defence and engineering businesses merged with those of Vickers Limited to create
18090-573: Was under command of Captain Alfred Henry Sargent and had a crew of 109. The ship carried a cargo of 710 horses and 6,250 tons of goods, including 3,000 tons of wheat, 1,400 cases of eggs, and several thousand cases of apples among other things. Also on board were 22 wooden crates of dinosaur fossils, collected in the Badlands of Alberta by the American paleontologist Charles H. Sternberg . These were en route to Sir Arthur Smith Woodward , keeper of
18225-405: Was via a four-speed gearbox and shaft to the rear wheels. A larger car was listed for 1908 with a choice of either 5-litre 30 or 7.6-litre 40 models sharing a 127 mm (5.0 in) bore but with strokes of 100 mm (3.9 in) and 152 mm (6.0 in) respectively. The 40 was listed at £798 in bare chassis form for supplying to coachbuilders. These large cars were joined in 1909 by
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