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27-589: Following the launch of the Moltke , newspapers reported that she would provide service on "the route between New York, Plymouth, Cherbourg, and Hamburg," operating in conjunction with other ships "to maintain a weekly service." She and her sister ship, the Blücher , were described as each being "12,000 tons, 525 feet in length, 62 feet in breadth, and 45 feet in depth," and were "equipped with two sets of quadruple-expansion engines, developing 8,000 horsepower, and capable of driving

54-464: A quadruple expansion steam engine . They gave her a speed of 16 knots (30 km/h). Cleveland began her maiden voyage from Hamburg to New York on 27 March 1909. Late that August, HAPAG transferred Captain Christian Dempwolf from Moltke to be Master of Cleveland . Cleveland spent the next five years mostly in scheduled transatlantic service. She also made six cruises around

81-553: A Bauer-Wach exhaust turbine system was added to each of Cleveland ' s engines. Exhaust steam from the low-pressure cylinder drove a turbine, which via double-reduction gearing and a Föttinger fluid coupling drove the same shaft as the reciprocating engine. The two turbines increased Cleveland ' s total installed power to 2,046 NHP . Cleveland was laid up from 1931. In 1933 HAPAG sold her back to Blohm & Voss for scrap. Albion Woodbury Small Albion Woodbury Small (May 11, 1854 – March 24, 1926) founded

108-536: A merchant vessel owned, possessed and operated by a foreign sovereign in the carriage of merchandise for hire was immune from arrest upon a libel in rem.... [T]he Court went on to hold that the principles of immunity which were enunciated in that decision were pertinent to the Berizzi case," and reversed a lower court's decision which stated that "as the Pesaro was employed as an ordinary merchant vessel for commercial purposes at

135-712: A promotion from Hamburg-Amerika to commander of the SS Cleveland . In 1910, she was described by her owners as the "largest Steamship ever sent to the Caribbean" in a St. Louis Globe advertisement promoting her sixteen and twenty-eight-day cruises to the West Indies. In 1912, "delightful cruises to the West Indies, Panama and the Spanish Main" of twenty-eight days in duration were estimated to cost "$ 150 dollars and up," according to newspaper and magazine advertisements purchased by

162-574: A time when no emergency existed or was declared, she should not be immune from arrest in admiralty, especially as no exemption has been claimed for her, by reason of her sovereign or political character, through the official channels of the United States." On September 27, 1903, American sociologist Albion Woodbury Small , founder of the Department of Sociology at the University of Chicago , returned from

189-586: A trip to Europe with his wife and daughter, Lina, aboard the Moltke . In 1904, Maksymilian Faktorowicz, a "successful cosmetician and wigmaker [who] was appointed by Russian nobility to be the official cosmetics expert to the Royal Family and the Imperial Russian Grand Opera," and who would later become renowned in America as Max Factor , emigrated from Russia with his wife and children. Departing from

216-636: The Andover Newton Theological School . From 1879 to 1881 he studied at the University of Leipzig and the University of Berlin in Germany history , social economics and politics . While in Germany, he married Valeria von Massow in June 1881, with whom he had one child. In the fall of 1881, he became chair of history and political economy at Colby College. From 1888 to 1889 he studied history at

243-609: The Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland , and was promoted in 1889 with a PhD thesis ( The Beginnings of American Nationality ) at the same time continuing to teach at Colby College . From 1889 to 1892 he was the 10th president of Colby. In 1892 he founded the first department of sociology at the University of Chicago. He chaired this department for over 30 years. In 1894 he, along with George E. Vincent, published

270-419: The Moltke included a grill room and gymnasium, which were located on the boat deck, and a "saloon deck," which featured a saloon with seating capacity for 225 passengers. The ship's main and upper decks were "devoted entirely to staterooms" while the "second cabin accommodations" were described as "splendid." In early 1903, American newspapers reported that "several German army and naval officers, passengers on

297-413: The Moltke on June 24, she traveled alone, according to Letizia Argenteri, author of Tina Modotti : Between Art and Revolution , arriving on July 8 at Ellis Island, where she "declared herself to be single, five feet one inch tall, in good mental and physical health, and a student." She carried with her "100 dollars and a train ticket for San Francisco, where her father and her sister Mercedes resided." By

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324-525: The Moltke ) was seized by the government of Italy "for damages arising from failure to deliver certain silk accepted by her at Italy," and then became the subject of litigation at the Supreme Court of the United States in 1926 related to America's definition of sovereign immunity in "Berizzi Bros. Co. v. SS Pesaro." According to Barbara Spicer, "the Supreme Court faced for the first time the issue whether

351-472: The UK liner King Alexander . In 1923 United American Lines bought her and restored it original name Cleveland . In 1926 HAPAG bought Cleveland back. It was laid up from 1931 and scrapped in 1933. Blohm & Voss built Cleveland at Hamburg . She was launched on 26 September 1908, two months after her sister Cincinnati . Cleveland ' s registered length was 588.9 ft (179.5 m), her beam

378-513: The 1920s, Tina Modotti was well on her way to becoming an acclaimed photographer and documentarian. SS Cleveland SS Cleveland was a German transatlantic ocean liner that was launched in 1908 and scrapped in 1933. Cleveland was built for the Hamburg America Line (HAPAG) as a sister ship for Cincinnati . In 1919 Cleveland became the troop ship USS Mobile (ID-4030) . In 1920 it returned to civilian service as

405-575: The Orient, Egypt, the Holy Land, etc., etc." cost "$ 300 and upwards." Her arrival and departure schedules were subsequently published on a regular basis by The New York Times and other American newspapers during the early 1900s. Captain Christian Dempwolf remained in command of the Moltke as of early December 1908, according to news reports, but left the Moltke in late August 1909 in order to accept

432-585: The Port of Hamburg, Germany aboard the Moltke , he traveled with his family in steerage class, arriving at Ellis Island in New York City on February 25, 1904. After relocating to Los Angeles, California, he became a "pioneer of theatrical film makeup" in the Hollywood movie industry, and founded Max Factor & Company. In 1913, sixteen-year-old Assunta Saltarini Modotti emigrated from Italy. Departing from Genoa aboard

459-734: The USA, repatriating a total of 21,073 US troops. In November 1919 she was decommissioned and relinquished to the United States Shipping Board . White Star Line briefly chartered Mobile , and then the Byron Steamship Company bought her and renamed her King Alexander after Alexander of Greece . The company was a UK-based subsidiary of the National Greek Line. Hence King Alexander was registered in London but her new route

486-546: The World. On 24 January 1912 she was being moved in Honolulu Harbor when her pilot , Milton P Sanders, died of a heart attack . As a result, control of Cleveland was lost, and her bow collided with the stern of the cruiser USS  Colorado . By 1913 Cleveland was equipped for wireless telegraphy . Her call sign was DDV. HAPAG had scheduled further World cruises for Cleveland and her sister for 1915. Cleveland

513-845: The first independent department of sociology in the United States at the University of Chicago in Chicago , Illinois, in 1892. He was influential in the establishment of sociology as a valid field of academic study. Albion Woodbury Small was born in Buckfield, Maine , to parents Reverend Albion Keith Parris Small and Thankful Lincoln Woodbury. His ancestors settled in Maine in 1632. He lived in Bangor, Maine , and then Portland, Maine , where he attended public schools in both places. He attended Colby University, now known as Colby College , from 1872 until he graduated in 1876. He studied theology from 1876 to 1879 at

540-621: The first textbook in sociology: An introduction to the study of society. In 1895 he established the American Journal of Sociology . From 1905 to 1925 he served as Dean of the Graduate School of Arts and Literature at the University of Chicago. Albion Woodbury Small was a member of the Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity (Xi chapter). Albion Small can be attributed with many "firsts" in the field of sociology. In 1892, he helped to create

567-417: The ship's owner. Throughout this period of the ship's history, newspapers also regularly reported the names of passengers who traveled on the Moltke , tracking their departures and arrivals via social and personal news columns, as The Montclair Times had done in 1907 with "Dr. Irving A. Meeker, of Upper Montclair, who [had] been spending the summer abroad" and had "sailed from Naples," Italy on August 15 and

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594-582: The steamer Moltke, which arrived here yesterday [in Havana, Cuba] on a cruise through the West Indies, made extensive soundings in Havana Harbor near Santa Clara battery, garrisoned by American troops," adding that those German officers "also took photographs of the fortifications," reports that newspaper editors deemed "significant" due to "the attitude of Germany in Venezuela." In 1915, the steamer Pesaro (formerly

621-506: The vessels at sixteen knots' speed," which meant that the passages between Cherbourg and New York and between Hamburg and New York would take nine and ten days, respectively. In 1902, the travel department of The Buffalo Express newspaper advertised "Thos. Cook & Sons' special charter of the newest and finest express passenger steamship afloat" for a "trip without an equal in the wide world." The seventy-day cruise to "the Mediterranean,

648-408: Was 65.3 ft (19.9 m) and her depth was 46.6 ft (14.2 m). Her tonnages were 16,970  GRT and 10,145  NRT . As built, she had berths for 2,827 passengers: 246 first class, 332 second class, 448 third class and 1,801 steerage class. She also had 29,577 cubic feet (838 m ) of refrigerated hold space for perishable cargo. Cleveland had twin screws , each driven by

675-572: Was between Greece and the USA. In 1923 United American Lines bought King Alexander and restored her original name Cleveland . Prohibition in the United States had begun in 1920, so UAL registered her in Panama to enable her to serve liquor aboard. UAL had Cleveland refitted in Hamburg and restored to her Hamburg – New York route. In 1926 HAPAG bought back Cleveland and two other former HAPAG passenger liners from UAL for ℛℳ 10 million. In 1929

702-585: Was due to leave Hamburg on 14 January 1915 and return on 4 June. Instead, in the First World War HAPAG suspended its passenger services and Cleveland was laid up in Hamburg. In 1919 the United States Government seized Cincinnati as World War I reparations . She was converted at Liverpool , England into a troop ship with berths for 4,620 troops, and commissioned as USS Mobile . Mobile made nine transatlantic crossings from France to

729-647: Was expected to arrive "in Montclair August 28th." During World War I , Moltke was laid up at Genoa , Italy, and was seized in 1915 after Italy joined the war. On 23 April 1919, Moltke was renamed Pesaro and used as an Italian merchant ship by the Lloyd Sabaudo for the first time on the route from Genoa via Marseille to New York City . Post-war, she continued to transport immigrants from Europe to America for several more years before finally being taken out of service and scrapped in 1926. Amenities aboard

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