The XSSM-A-23 Dart was an anti-tank-guided missile developed for the United States Army in the 1950s. After protracted development, the missile, similar in design to the French SS.10 , was cancelled in favor of purchasing the SS.11 missile.
25-520: SS-11 may refer to: SS.11 , a French anti-tank missile SS-11 Sego , a Soviet intercontinental ballistic missile Raketenjagdpanzer SS-11 , a German tank destroyer Freedom Lite SS-11 Skywatch , an ultralight aircraft USS B-2 (SS-11) , a submarine of the United States Navy [REDACTED] Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles associated with
50-720: A special unit, fitted with the XM-58 stabilized sight arrived in South Vietnam . One month later, they fired AGM-22s in combat . In May 1972 in response to the North Vietnamese armor used in the Easter Offensive six UH-1s equipped with AGM-22s were deployed in Quang Tri Province . The system was rated moderately effective against tanks, but was extensively used against bunkers and fortified structures. All units were withdrawn to
75-615: A specialized version of the AGM-114 Hellfire . It was also used by the Finnish coastal artillery for covering narrow channels in the archipelago, being replaced in this role by the Israeli SPIKE ER (Rannikko-Ohjus 06). A variety of warheads are available for the missile: On launch, the SNPE rocket booster, with two outlets on the side of the missile body, burns for 1.2 seconds, after which
100-627: A ten-missile trainable launcher for either the SS.11(M) or SS.12(M), which was sold in numbers due to its extremely cost-effective firepower for both light and medium size naval craft. During the Falklands War , both the British Army and the British Royal Marines used Westland Scout helicopters armed with the SS.11. On 14 June 1982, two Army and two Marine Scouts attacked Argentine positions on
125-635: A wire that spooled from the missile during flight. Due to difficulties experienced in testing to ensure accuracy, an infrared seeker was proposed for terminal homing. The missile was fitted with a shaped charge warhead intended to defeat the armor of enemy tanks. During the development of the Dart, Aerophysics Development was acquired by the Studebaker-Packard Corporation , the purchase taking place in December 1954. Curtiss-Wright then acquired
150-560: Is a French manual command to line of sight wire-guided anti-tank missile manufactured by Nord Aviation . It is also available in the air-to-ground version, AS.11 , which featured a stabilized sighting system. The AS.11 was also known as the AGM-22 in American service. It is among the earliest guided anti-tank missiles, entering service with the French Army in 1956 and remaining in service into
175-596: Is a far more precise method of controlling a missile in flight. TVC has been copied by other missile designs, including the Russians with their 9M14 Malyutka (NATO name: AT-3 Sagger) and the Euromissile HOT and MILAN developed by joint venture of the French and Germans. Due to the manual nature of the guidance, called MCLOS , where the operator had to first gain control of the missile and bring it into his line of sight with
200-525: The Grand Central Rocket Company provided thrust. The launcher for the missile was mounted on a variant of the M59 armored personnel carrier designated T149; helicopter launching was also considered as a possibility. Guidance was by manual command to line of sight , the missile operator following a sodium flare in the tail of the missile and guiding the missile to the target with commands sent by
225-700: The SS.10 missile being developed in France. After evaluating the SS.10 in 1952–53, the Army issued a contract for the full development of the Aerophysics Development missile, designated SSM-A-23 Dart, in April 1953. The SSM-A-23 was of conventional configuration for an anti-tank missile of the time, having cruciform wings and stabilizing fins, with spoilerons providing control; a dual-thrust solid-propellant rocket produced by
250-462: The 1980s. It also formed the basis for the larger and longer-ranged SS.12/AS.12 series. The missile was guided manually by comparing the location of the target to flares on the back of the missile and using a small joystick to adjust its flight. The original manual guidance system was replaced in 1967 to produce the Harpon version, which used SACLOS guidance using an infrared homing sensor tracking
275-507: The SS.11 accuracy, especially at engagement ranges of less than 500 meters. SSM-A-23 Dart The initial requirement for a guided anti-tank missile, intended for the replacement of recoilless rifles and Bazookas in the role, was issued by the U.S. Army in 1951; that November, the Aerophysics Development Corporation responded with a proposal for a wire-guided missile , similar in concept and configuration to
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#1733094542249300-639: The SS.11 was in 1956 by the French Air Force , fired from a Dassault MD 311 light twin-engine transport, as a method of attacking fortified caves located in steep mountain gorges during the Algerian war . The combat experiment proved extremely successful and became standard on other French Air Force MD 311s stationed in the Algerian war theater. From this early combat experience in Algeria with fixed wing aircraft firing
325-584: The SS.11, the French Army took note and introduced the world's first specialized combat helicopter firing antitank missiles, based on the Aérospatiale Alouette II and later the Aérospatiale Alouette III that fired both the earlier surface-to-surface SS.11 and the AS.11 developed for air-to-surface firing from aircraft, both of which saw extensive combat in that conflict from 1958 to 1962. After
350-543: The Sophie sustainer engine, with single outlet in the rear of the missile body burns for 20 seconds. Unlike the earlier SS.10, which steered similarly to an airplane with small flight controls called "spoilers" located on the missiles wings, the SS.11 is steered in flight by a unique system developed by NORD for France's first air-to-air missile , the AA.20 , called TVC (thrust vectoring control) in which four small vanes are located around
375-753: The U.S. by 31 October 1972. During the Arab-Israeli Six-Day War in 1967, the Israeli Army was equipped with a large number of SS.11s supplied by France. SS.11s were used during the battle of Abu-Ageila . In 1966, the French Navy did an evaluation of the SS.11(M) and SS.12(M) from the fast patrol boat La Combattante . In 1966, the Libyan Navy ordered three Vosper Thornycroft fast patrol boats (the Sebha , Sirte and Susa ). Delivered in 1968, these were
400-663: The cancellation of the SSM-A-23 Dart in 1958, the United States began evaluating the SS.11, and accepted it into service in 1961 as the AGM-22A . The missile was deployed from UH-1B Huey helicopters using either the XM11 or M22 armament subsystems. In U.S. Army service, the SS.11 was used mainly to develop tactics employing antitank helicopters and to train future helicopter crews. In September 1966, 12 U.S. Army UH-1B helicopters belonging to
425-521: The company as part of a larger deal with Studebaker-Packard in August 1956. The first launch trials of the XSSM-A-23 prototype missiles took place in August 1954; over the next year, forty additional tests took place. These proved less than satisfactory; by 1957, the Dart was still not ready for service, and it was believed that Aerophysics Development had overextended itself with technical challenges involved in
450-399: The designation SS.11. It was used as the first helicopter-mounted anti-tank missile in the world (on Alouette IIs ). From 1962, a "B" model of the missile was produced, which replaced some of the original electronics with solid state components. The transistorization improved response time and handling, which reduced the tendency to over-correct during flight. This was the version used for
475-460: The development of an infantry version, in which the operator carried three warheads and had a "waist belt fire-control," and three other men carried the missile minus its warhead. One of the most unusual uses of the SS.11 was that of probably the smallest anti-shipping missile in the world, with the Swedish Marines employing it in the anti-landing craft role for decades, until it was replaced by
500-515: The first naval vessels to be armed with the SS.11(M) and AS.12(M) being armed with four on each side of the vessel's bridge; the Libyan fast patrol boats proved that this was a very low-cost way to give long-range heavy firepower to small naval vessels. Other navies soon followed Libya and bought the SS.12(M) and SS.11(M) for their light naval vessels; among them Brunei, Ethiopia, France, Greece, Ivory Coast, Malaysia, Senegal, and Tunisia. NORD also developed
525-455: The original flares. This greatly eased the operation of the system, the operator simply had to keep the sights pointed at the target and the missile would automatically fly along the line of sight. Production of the SS.11 and later SS.12/AS.12 series missiles ceased some time in the 1980s, by which time over 170,000 had been sold. The price of the SS.11 in the late 1960s was stated at approximately $ 1,900 U.S. dollars. The first combat use of
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#1733094542249550-505: The same title formed as a letter–number combination. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SS-11&oldid=874380028 " Category : Letter–number combination disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages SS.11 The SS.11
575-459: The south-west outskirts of Port Stanley . Of the ten missiles fired, nine hit their targets and one was lost due to a command wire breaking. Development of an improved version of the SS.10 (Nord-5203) began in 1953 as the Nord-5210. The missile was intended as a heavy version of the man-portable SS.10 for use from vehicles, ships and helicopters. The missile entered service with the French army as
600-403: The sustainer's exhaust, which under command momentarily push into the sustainer's thrust causing the missile to move in the direction commanded. Since the missile spins slowly in flight by having the four swept wings slightly offset, a gyroscope is needed to determine the missile's relative orientation to the ground, that is, up, down and right, left. Unlike the earlier spoiler flight control, TVC
625-454: The target, engagements of targets at short range were poor, but beyond 500 meters accuracy was good to excellent for a well trained operator. In 1967 (by which time NORD had been merged with Aerospatiale), a version of the SS.11, called Harpon, was developed with a much improved guidance system called SACLOS in which the missile is automatically tracked in flight and brought to the gunner's line of sight. This guidance system drastically increases
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