99-649: Society for the Protection of Unborn Children is an anti-abortion organisation in the United Kingdom which also opposes assisted suicide and abortifacient birth control . SPUC was formed in 1966 amid parliamentary debates over the Abortion Act , which came into law one year later. Although it is not officially faith -based, SPUC and the more conservative anti-abortion charity Life mainly draw upon Catholic and evangelical Protestant support. Between 2020 and 2022
198-471: A populist tone, he presented himself as the representative of the people against the "gang of four" (RPR, UDF, PS, Communist Party ), while the central theme of his campaign was "national preference". In the 1988 presidential election , Le Pen won an unprecedented 14.4% of the vote, and double the votes of 1984. In the snap 1988 legislative elections , the FN was hurt by the return two-ballot majority voting, by
297-512: A "more balanced" and "independent" French foreign policy, opposing French military intervention in Africa while supporting France leaving NATO 's integrated command. It also supports reform of the European Union (EU) and its related organisations as well as economic interventionism , protectionism , and zero tolerance for breaches of law and order . The party was founded in 1972, created by
396-472: A "national preference" for employment, impose taxes on the hiring of foreigners by French companies, and privatise Agence France-Presse . The party's time in the National Assembly effectively came to an end when Jacques Chirac reinstated the two-round system of majority voting for the next election. In the regional elections held on the same day, FN won 137 seats, and gained representation in 21 of
495-495: A "populist pep talk ". Bannon advised the party members to "Let them call you racist, let them call you xenophobes, let them call you nativists. Wear it like a badge of honor. Because every day, we get stronger and they get weaker. ... History is on our side and will bring us victory." Bannon's remarks brought the members to their feet. In January 2019, ex-Sarkozy minister Thierry Mariani and former conservative lawmaker Jean-Paul Garraud , left Les Republicains (LR) and joined
594-446: A "positive opinion" of the FN and some support for Le Pen personally. The next month, Le Pen was, for the first time, invited on a prime-time television interview programme, which he himself later deemed "the hour that changed everything". In the June 1984 European elections , the FN won 11% of the vote and ten seats, in a contest that was considered to have a low level of importance by
693-401: A 1997 by-election, where similar policies were subsequently pursued. Vitrolles' new mayor Catherine Mégret [ fr ] , who ran in place of her husband Bruno, went further in one significant measure, introducing a special 5,000- franc allowance for babies born to at least one parent of French (or EU) nationality. The measure was ruled illegal by a court, whicn also sentenced her to
792-732: A broad movement, ON sought to model the new party (as it earlier had sought to model itself) on the more established Italian Social Movement (MSI), which at the time appeared to establish a broad coalition of the Italian hard right. The FN adopted a French version of the MSI tricolour flame as its logo. ON wanted to unite the various French far-right currents, and brought together "nationals" of Le Pen's group and Roger Holeindre 's Party of French Unity; "nationalists" from Pierre Bousquet 's Militant movement or François Brigneau 's and Alain Robert's Ordre Nouveau ;
891-411: A day after the first round of the presidential election , Marine Le Pen announced that she would temporarily step down as the party's leader in an attempt to "unite voters." In the second round of voting, Le Pen was defeated 66.1% to 33.9% by her rival Emmanuel Macron of En Marche! During the following parliamentary elections , the FN received 13.02% of the vote, a little lower than the 13.07% of
990-558: A fantasy" for the National Front. The National Front received 4,712,461 votes in the 2014 European Parliament election , finishing first with 24.86% of the vote and 24 of France's 74 seats. This was said to be "the first time the anti-immigrant, anti-EU party had won a nationwide election in its four-decade history." The party's success came as a "shock" in France and the EU. On 24 April 2017,
1089-423: A major political party in France. Sources traditionally label the party as far-right . However, some media outlets have started to refer to the party as "right-wing populist" or "nationalist right" instead, arguing that it has substantially moderated from its years under Jean-Marie Le Pen. At the FN congress of 2018, Marine Le Pen proposed renaming the party Rassemblement National (National Rally), and this
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#17330939969051188-691: A march in Madrid in October 2009 to protest plans by the government of José Luis Zapatero to legalize elective abortions and eliminate parental consent restrictions. In the United Kingdom, the most prominent anti-abortion organization is the Society for the Protection of Unborn Children . It was formed at the time of the passage of the 1967 Abortion Act which liberalized abortion law. The group campaigns against abortion, often using questionable claims, and supports protests at pregnancy clinics. The Abortion Act of 1967 had
1287-441: A monumental turning point in the rise of the FN. Le Pen protested the "media boycott" against his party by sending letters to President Mitterrand in mid-1982. Following an exchange of letters with Le Pen, Mitterrand instructed the heads of the main television channels to give equitable coverage to the FN. In January 1984, the party made its first appearance in a monthly poll of political popularity, in which 9% of respondents held
1386-781: A new 'abortion-harms-women' argument that has supplanted and transformed traditional fetal personhood arguments". Since 1998, Catholics and allies have held national anti-abortion March for Life rallies at Parliament Hill . Two have gathered over 10,000 protesters. In addition to the national protests, anti-abortionists protest abortion clinics across the nation in attempts to stop abortions from continuing. A number of anti-abortion organizations exist in Australia , including Cherish Life, Right to Life Australia , and Australian Christian Lobby . These organizations undertake various campaigning activities, including political campaign fundraising. A large portion of Australian law surrounding abortion
1485-416: A new system less favourable to the FN had been introduced. The party regained some of its strength from 1999, earning 9.8% of the vote and seven seats. For the 2007 presidential election , Le Pen and Mégret agreed to join forces. Le Pen came 4th in the election with 11% of the vote, and the party won no seats in the legislative election of the same year . The party's 4.3% support was the lowest score since
1584-474: A part of the Christian right . They call themselves "pro-life" because they are often united in their belief that a fetus is a person that has legal rights. Since the U.S. Supreme Court decision Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization , some of these organizations have turned their attention to banning abortions at the state and local level and asking the U.S. Supreme Court to recognize fetal personhood under
1683-588: A serious challenger, with a few polls even suggesting that she could win the first round of the election. In the event, Le Pen came 3rd in the first round, scoring 17.9% – the best showing ever in a presidential election for the FN at that time. In the 2012 legislative election , the National Front won two seats: Gilbert Collard and Marion Maréchal . In two polls about presidential favourites, conducted in April and May 2013, Marine le Pen polled ahead of president François Hollande but behind Nicolas Sarkozy . In
1782-453: A shock outcome, Le Pen outperformed Jospin (by 0.7%) in the 1st round, placing second and advancing to the runoff. This resulted in the first presidential run-off since 1969 without a leftist candidate and the first ever with a candidate from the far-right. To Le Pen's advantage, the election campaign had increasingly focused on law-and-order issues, helped by media attention on a number of violent incidents. Jospin had also been weakened due to
1881-915: A significant effect in Britain (excluding Northern Ireland). The Act states that if at least two doctors deem the reasons for abortion to be in alignment with the Act, it can legally be performed. This still means that the punishment for women who obtain abortions contrary to the Act are faced with potential life imprisonment. Doctors too can be prosecuted if they are found administering abortions without reasonable cause. The Abortion Act of 1967 did not apply in Northern Ireland . Women living there who sought abortions either had to travel to Britain to receive an abortion or potentially face criminal charges for purchasing abortion pills illegally. To this day, anti-abortion activists routinely stand outside many abortion clinics; their goal
1980-458: A significant role in influencing anti-abortion opinion. Quickening , which had previously been thought to be the point at which the soul entered a human was discovered to be a relatively unimportant step in fetal development, caused many medical professionals to rethink their positions on early term abortions. Ideologically, the Hippocratic Oath and the medical mentality of that age to defend
2079-406: A suspended prison sentence, a fine, and a two-year ban from public office. In the 1997 legislative elections , the FN polled its best-ever result with 15.3% support in metropolitan France . The result showed that the party had become established enough to compete without its leader, who had decided not to run, in order to focus on the 2002 presidential election. Although it won only one seat in
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#17330939969052178-664: A €10,000 fine for remarks he made in 2005 that contravened France's law against Holocaust denial . Twenty permanent employees of the FN were also dismissed in 2008. In the 2010 regional elections the FN appeared to have re-emerged on the political scene after surprisingly winning almost 12% of the overall vote and 118 seats. Jean-Marie Le Pen announced in September 2008 that he would retire as FN president in 2010. Le Pen's daughter Marine Le Pen and FN executive vice-president Bruno Gollnisch campaigned to succeed Le Pen, with Marine's candidacy backed by her father. On 15 January 2011, it
2277-427: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article about a political organization is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Anti-abortion Anti-abortion movements , also self-styled as pro-life movements , are involved in the abortion debate advocating against the practice of abortion and its legality . Many anti-abortion movements began as countermovements in response to
2376-483: Is also a smaller consistent life ethic movement, favoring a philosophy which opposes all forms of killing, including abortion, war , euthanasia , and capital punishment . The current movement is in part a continuation of previous debates on abortion that led to the practice being banned in all states by the late 19th century. The initial movement was led by physicians , but also included politicians and feminists . Among physicians, advances in medical knowledge played
2475-416: Is to discourage women from entering the clinics. This is through two processes, known as "prayer vigils", which are sometimes quiet and other times said aloud to actively dissuade; and "pavement counseling", where activists approach women entering clinics in order to persuade them to continue with their pregnancies. This is a practice held in low regard by many, as it causes anxiety and distress. In Israel ,
2574-511: The 1981 presidential election , both Le Pen and Pascal Gauchon of the PFN declared their intentions to run. However, an increased requirement regarding obtaining signatures of support from elected officials had been introduced for the election, which left both Le Pen and Gauchon unable to participate. The election was won by François Mitterrand of the Socialist Party (PS), a results that brought
2673-415: The 1986 legislative elections , the FN took advantage of the new, proportional representation system and won 9.8% of the vote and 35 seats in the National Assembly. Many of these seats were filled by a new wave of "respectable" political operatives, notables , who had joined the party after its 1984 success. The RPR won a majority with smaller, centre-right parties, and thus avoided the need to deal with
2772-478: The 1999 European election , as the FN polled its lowest national score since 1984 with just 5.7%, and the MNR won 3.3%. The effects of the split, and competition from more moderate nationalists, resulted in their combined support being lower than the FN result of 1984. For the 2002 presidential election , opinion polls had predicted a run-off between incumbent President Chirac and Socialist candidate Lionel Jospin . In
2871-693: The National Front from 1972 to 2018 (French: Front national , [fʁɔ̃ nɑsjɔnal] , FN ), is a French far-right political party, described as right-wing populist and nationalist . It is the single largest parliamentary opposition party in the National Assembly since 2022. Its candidate was defeated in the second round in the 2002 , 2017 and 2022 presidential elections. It opposes immigration , advocating significant cuts to legal immigration , protection of French identity, and stricter control of illegal immigration . The party advocates
2970-487: The Ordre Nouveau to be the legitimate political vehicle for the far-right movement. Jean-Marie Le Pen was its founder and leader until his resignation in 2011. While its influence was marginal until 1984, the party's role as a nationalist electoral force has grown considerably. It has put forward a candidate at every presidential election but one since 1974. In the 2002 presidential election, Jean-Marie Le Pen advanced to
3069-849: The Republic of Ireland , including Pro Life Campaign , Youth Defence and the Iona Institute . The Thirty-sixth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland (2018) provided for legal abortion in Ireland, but several anti-abortion parties still campaign, including Aontú and the National Party . In Liechtenstein , an application to legalize abortions was rejected by a slim majority in a referendum in 2011 . The opponents, which included Prince Alois , got 500 votes more and eventually settled at 52.3 percent compared with 47.7 percent. Prince Alois had announced
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3168-662: The Restauration Nationale , a pro- monarchy group that supports the claim of the Count of Paris to the French throne. While Ordre Nouveau had competed in some local elections since 1970, at its second congress, in June 1972, it decided to establish a new political party to contest the 1973 legislative elections . The party was launched on 5 October 1972 under the name National Front for French Unity ( Front national pour l'unité française ), or Front National . In order to create
3267-648: The Revolutionary Communist League made public a report of Le Pen's alleged involvement in torture during his time in Algeria. In his first participation in a presidential election, Le Pen won only 0.8% of the national vote. Following the 1974 election, the FN was obscured by the appearance of the Party of New Forces (PFN), founded by FN dissidents (largely from the ON). Their competition weakened both parties throughout
3366-683: The US congress to pass laws later known as the Comstock laws that included provisions that made it illegal to send materials used for abortion through the mail. These laws have been referenced by modern anti-abortion campaigners in the US and cited in court cases to stop the mailing of abortion medication. The United States anti-abortion movement formed as a response to the landmark 1973 Roe v. Wade and Doe v. Bolton U.S. Supreme Court decisions with many anti-abortion organizations having emerged since then. There
3465-459: The municipal elections held on 23 and 30 March 2014 , lists officially supported by the National Front won mayoralties in 12 cities: Beaucaire , Cogolin , Fréjus , Hayange , Hénin-Beaumont , Le Luc , Le Pontet , Mantes-la-Ville , the 7th arrondissement of Marseille , Villers-Cotterêts , Béziers and Camaret-sur-Aigues . While some of these cities were in southern France (like Fréjus) which traditionally votes more for right-wing parties than
3564-462: The political left to national power for the first time in the Fifth Republic; Mitterrand immediately dissolved the National Assembly and called a snap legislative election. With only three weeks to prepare its campaign, the FN fielded only a limited number of candidates and won only 0.2% of the national vote. The PFN was even worse off, and the election marked the effective end of competition from
3663-405: The value of human life as an absolute also played a significant role in molding opinions about abortion. Meanwhile, many 19th-century feminists tended to regard abortion as an undesirable necessity forced upon women by thoughtless men. The "free love" wing of the feminist movement refused to advocate abortion and treated the practice as an example of the hideous extremes to which modern marriage
3762-462: The 1970s. Along with the growing influence of François Duprat and his " revolutionary nationalists ", the FN gained several new groups of supporters in the late 1970s and early 1980s: Jean-Pierre Stirbois (1977) and his " solidarists ", Bruno Gollnisch (1983), Bernard Antony (1984) and his Catholic fundamentalists, as well as Jean-Yves Le Gallou (1985) and the Nouvelle Droite . Following
3861-567: The 1981 election and only one candidate, Marine Le Pen in Pas de Calais , reached the runoff -where she was defeated by the Socialist incumbent. These electoral defeats partly accounted for the party's financial problems. Le Pen announced the sale of the FN headquarters in Saint-Cloud , Le Paquebot , and of his personal armoured car. In 2008, a French court handed Le Pen a three-month suspended sentence and
3960-450: The 2012 elections. The party appeared to have suffered from a demobilisation of its voters from the previous vote. Nonetheless, eight deputies (six FN and two affiliated) were elected, the best number for the FN in a parliamentary election using a majoritarian electoral system since its creation. Marine Le Pen was elected to the National Assembly for the first time, while Gilbert Collard was re-elected. FN's 23-year-old Ludovic Pajot became
4059-463: The 22 French regional councils. The RPR depended on FN support to win presidencies in some regional councils, and the FN won vice-presidential posts in four regions. Le Pen's campaign for the presidential election unofficially began in the months following the 1986 election. To promote his statesmanship credentials, he made trips to South East Asia, the United States, and Africa. The management of
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4158-620: The Constitution. A Conservative MP, Cathay Wagantall , introduced a bill in 2020 seeking to ban abortions for the purpose of choosing a child's sex. Abortion in Canada is legal at all stages of pregnancy and funded in part by the Canada Health Act . In 2013, the Conservative prime minister, Stephen Harper , barred the members of Parliament from discussing the matter in the Commons. Harper's move
4257-457: The European spirit", but to reserve free movement to nationals of a European Economic Area country, excluding residents of and visitors from another Schengen country. Le Pen reached the second round of the 2017 presidential election , receiving 33.9% of the votes in the run-off and losing to Emmanuel Macron . Again in the 2022 election , she lost to Macron in the run-off, receiving 41.45% of
4356-484: The FN did not have to soften its position on "key issues." In the 1983 municipal elections , the centre-right Rally for the Republic (RPR) and the centrist Union for French Democracy (UDF) formed alliances with the FN in a number of towns. The most notable result came in the 20th arrondissement of Paris , where Le Pen was elected to the local council with 11% of the vote. Subsequent by-elections kept media attention on
4455-415: The FN, a rejections that now included the local level. In the 1989 European elections , the FN held on to its ten seats, winning 11.7% of the vote. In the wake of FN's electoral success, the immigration debate, growing concerns over Islamic fundamentalism, and the fatwa against Salman Rushdie by Ayatollah Khomeini , the 1989 affaire du foulard was the first major test of the relations between
4554-410: The FN. Although FN was unable to exercise any real political influence, the party could project an image of political legitimacy. Several of its legislative proposals were controversial and had a socially reactionary and xenophobic character, among them attempts to restore the death penalty , expel foreigners who "proportionally committed more crimes than the French", restrict naturalisation, introduce
4653-807: The Family are involved in the anti-abortion movement. In 2023, in his book Rethinking Life: Embracing the Sacredness of Every Person , Shane Claiborne , leader of the Red-Letter Christians , calls for expanding the Christian definition of the "pro-life" movement to issues other than the fight against abortion, such as gun violence , poverty , the death penalty and openness to immigration . National Rally (France) Defunct Defunct The National Rally (French: Rassemblement national , pronounced [ʁasɑ̃bləmɑ̃ nɑsjɔnal] , RN ), known as
4752-490: The French electoral system, the party only won 2 of the 2,026 seats that were up for election. At the end of 2011, the National Front withdrew from the far-right Alliance of European National Movements and joined the more moderate European Alliance of Freedom . In October 2013, Bruno Gollnisch and Jean-Marie Le Pen resigned from their position in the AENM. For the 2012 presidential election , opinion polls showed Marine Le Pen as
4851-483: The National Assembly, in Toulon , it advanced to the second round in 132 constituencies. The FN was arguably more influential at that time than it had been in 1986 with its 35 seats. While Bruno Mégret and Bruno Gollnisch , favoured tactical cooperation with a weakened centre-right following the left's victory, Le Pen rejected any such "compromise." In the tenth FN national congress in 1997, Mégret stepped up his position in
4950-617: The National Rally. During a 2021 debate, Marine Le Pen was called "soft" on Islam by the Minister of the Interior in Macron's government, Gérald Darmanin . Marine Le Pen called for a "national-unity government" that would include persons such as Nicolas Dupont-Aignan , former LR officials, and souverainistes on the left, such as former economy minister Arnaud Montebourg . In the months before
5049-471: The anti-Gaullist Georges Bidault 's Justice and Liberty movement; as well as former Poujadists , Algerian War veterans, and some monarchists, among others. Le Pen was chosen to be the first president of the party, as he was untainted with the militant public image of the ON and was a relatively moderate figure in the far-right. The National Front fared poorly in the 1973 legislative elections , receiving 0.5% of
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#17330939969055148-413: The competition between an exceptional number of leftist parties. Nevertheless, Chirac did not even have to campaign in the second round, as widespread anti-Le Pen protests from the media and public opinion culminated on May Day in a demonstration of 1.5 million participants across France. Chirac also refused to debate with Le Pen, and the traditional televised debate was cancelled. In the end, Chirac won
5247-592: The dangers of abortion to a woman's health and make it illegal to describe abortion as a safe medical procedure. Medvedev's wife Svetlana Medvedeva has taken up the anti-abortion cause in Russia in a weeklong national campaign against abortion called "Give Me Life!" and a "Day of Family, Love and Faithfulness" by her Foundation for Social and Cultural Initiatives in conjunction with the Russian Orthodox Church . In Spain , over one million demonstrators took part in
5346-515: The death of Duprat in a bomb attack in 1978, the revolutionary nationalists left the party, while Stirbois became Le Pen's deputy as his solidarists effectively ousted the neo-fascist tendency in the party leadership. A radical group split off in 1980 and founded the French Nationalist Party , dismissing the FN as becoming "too Zionist " with Le Pen being a "puppet of the Jews." The far right
5445-454: The decision by French President Charles de Gaulle to abandon his promise of holding on to the colony of French Algeria , (many frontistes , including Le Pen, were part of an inner circle of returned servicemen known as Le cercle national des combattants ). During the 1965 presidential election , Le Pen unsuccessfully attempted to consolidate the right-wing vote around presidential candidate Jean-Louis Tixier-Vignancour . Throughout
5544-566: The early 1980s, the FN featured a mosaic of ideological tendencies and attracted figures who were previously resistant to the party. The party managed to draw supporters from the mainstream right, including some high-profile defectors from the RPR, the UDF, and the National Centre of Independents and Peasants (CNIP). In the 1984 European elections, eleven of the 81 FN candidates came from these parties, while
5643-496: The first round of the 1993 legislative elections , the FN soared to 12.7% of the overall vote, but did not win a single seat due to the nature of the electoral system. In the 1995 presidential election , votes for Le Pen rose to 15% of the total. The FN won an absolute majority (and thus the mayorship) in three cities in the 1995 municipal elections : Toulon , Marignane , and Orange . Le Pen then declared that his party would implement its "national preference" policy, with
5742-465: The first round of the snap French legislative election with a record 33.2% of the votes. On 7 July, the RN also won the popular vote (37.06%) in the second round of the snap election, but only won the third highest number of seats. The party's ideological roots can be traced to both Poujadism , a populist , small business tax protest movement founded in 1953 by Pierre Poujade and on right-wing dismay over
5841-415: The formal campaign, launched in April 1987, was entrusted to Bruno Mégret , one of the new notables . With his entourage, Le Pen traversed France for the entire period and, helped by Mégret, employed an American-style campaign. Le Pen's presidential campaign was highly successful; no candidates came close to rival his ability to excite audiences at rallies and boost ratings at television appearances. Using
5940-460: The group received over £72,000 from US donors who used an agency to disguise their identity. SPUC founder Phyllis Bowman resigned from her post in July 1999, with nearly half of the 12-person national executive resigning in sympathy. This was believed to be because of a rift with SPUC national director John Smeaton over the organisation's strategies. The Pro-Life All-Party Parliamentary Group, headed by
6039-525: The late 1960s and early 1970s, the French far-right consisted mainly of small, extreme movements such as Occident , Groupe Union Défense (GUD), and the Ordre Nouveau (ON). Espousing France's Catholic and monarchist traditions, one of the primary progenitors of the ideology generally promoted by FN was the Action Française , founded at the end of the 19th century, and its descendants in
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#17330939969056138-477: The law. The first specifically anti-abortion organization in France, Laissez-les-vivre-SOS futures mères, was created in 1971 during the debate that was to lead to the Veil Law in 1975. Its main spokesman was the geneticist Jérôme Lejeune . Since 2005, the French anti-abortion movement has organized an annual March for Life . The 1920 abortion laws of France have not been entirely repealed leading to ambiguity in
6237-410: The legalization of elective abortions . In Europe, abortion law varies by country, and has been legalized through parliamentary acts in some countries, and constitutionally banned or heavily restricted in others. In Western Europe this has had the effect at once of both more closely regulating the use of abortion, and at the same time mediating and reducing the impact anti-abortion campaigns have had on
6336-408: The limited campaign period, and by the departure of many notables . In the election, the party retained its 9.8% support from the previous legislative election, but was reduced to a single seat in the National Assembly. Following some anti-Semitic comments made by Le Pen and the FN newspaper National Hebdo in the late 1980s, some valuable FN politicians left the party. Soon, other quarrels left
6435-463: The mainstream right's. Le Pen sought the "total fusion" of the currents in the party, and warned against "crude activism." The FNJ were banned from the party later that year. The move towards the mainstream cost it many leading members and much of its militant base. In the 1974 presidential election , Le Pen failed to find a mobilising theme for his campaign, since many of its platform's major issues, such as anti-communism , were shared by most of
6534-523: The mainstream right. Other FN issues included calls for increased French birth rates, immigration reduction (although this was downplayed), establishment of a professional army, abrogation of the Évian Accords , and generally the creation of a "French and European renaissance ." Despite being the only nationalist candidate, he failed to gain the support of the whole of the far-right, as the various groups either rallied behind other candidates or called for voter abstention. The campaign further lost ground when
6633-646: The major anti-abortion organization is Efrat . Efrat activists primarily raise funds to relieve the "financial and social pressures " on pregnant women so that they will not terminate their pregnancies. However, this activity is only carried out in the Jewish sector in Israeli society, as Efrat officially views abortion among Jews as a demographic threat to the Jewish people. In the 19th century United States, Anthony Comstock launched an 'anti-vice crusade' that included opposition to contraception and abortion. He successfully got
6732-515: The media reported that the organisation did a leaflet drop in Sneinton , Nottingham alongside a letter for parents asking for their child to be withdrawn from Relationships and Sex Education (RSE) lessons. This backfired as some residents in the area condemned the action and, in an interview on BBC Radio Nottingham , the leader of Nottingham City Council confirmed that no letters had been handed in at any school. This abortion -related article
6831-592: The name change faced opposition from an already-existing party named "Rassemblement national", whose president, Igor Kurek, described it as "Gaullist and republican right": the party had previously registered its name with the National Institute of Industrial Property in 2013. On 1 June, Le Pen announced that the name change was approved by party adherents with 80.81% in favour. During that party congress, Steve Bannon , former advisor to Donald Trump before and after his 2016 election, gave what has been described as
6930-432: The nation's policies. By 1975, Simone Veil , the minister for health, introduced legislation that specifically in cases of distress "tolerated" abortion up to ten weeks. Abortions after this date are only cleared by the government if the pregnancy endangers the health of the woman or will result in the birth of a child with a severe and incurable disease. After twelve weeks, abortion, except for "therapeutic abortion, under
7029-447: The national vote, although Le Pen won 5% in his Paris constituency. In 1973, the party created a youth movement, the Front national de la jeunesse (National Front of Youth; FNJ). The rhetoric used in the campaign stressed old, far-right themes and was largely uninspiring to the electorate at the time. Otherwise, its official program at this point was relatively moderate, differing little from
7128-403: The new MNR had joined the FN in the mid-1980s, in part from the Nouvelle Droite , with a vision of building bridges to the parliamentary right. Many had also been particularly influential in intellectualising the FN's policies on immigration, identity, and "national preference". Following the split, Le Pen denounced them as "extremist" and "racist". Support for the two parties was almost equal in
7227-538: The party as its rising star and a potential leader following Le Pen. Le Pen however refused to designate Mégret as his successor-elect, and instead made his wife Jany the leader of the FN list for the upcoming European election. Mégret and his faction left the FN in January 1999 and founded the National Republican Movement (MNR), effectively splitting the FN in half at most levels. Many of those who joined
7326-406: The party by softening its image and trying to frame the party as being neither right nor left. She endeavoured to extract it from its far-right roots, as well as censuring controversial members like her father, who was suspended and then expelled from the party in 2015. Following her election as the leader of the party in 2011, the popularity of the FN grew. By 2015, the FN had established itself as
7425-433: The party without its remaining member of the National Assembly. In November 1988, general secretary Jean-Pierre Stirbois, who, together with his wife Marie-France, had been instrumental in the FN's early electoral successes, died in a car accident, leaving Bruno Mégret as the unrivalled, de facto FN deputy leader. The party only got 5% in the 1988 cantonal elections , while the RPR announced it would reject any alliance with
7524-420: The party's list also included an Arab and a Jew - although in unwinnable positions. Former collaborators were also accepted in the party, as Le Pen urged the need for "reconciliation", arguing that forty years after the war the only important question was whether or not "they wish to serve their country". The FN won 8.7% overall support in the 1985 cantonal elections , netting over 30% in some areas. For
7623-516: The party, which was for the first time able to pose as a viable component of the broader right. In a by-election in Dreux in October 1983, the FN won 17% of the vote. With the choice of defeat to the political left or dealing with the FN, the local RPR and UDF agreed to form an alliance with the FN, causing a national sensation; together, they won the second round with 55% of the vote. The events in Dreux were
7722-403: The party. The Socialists attained their best ever result with an absolute majority in the 1981 legislative election . The "socialist takeover" led to a radicalisation in centre-right, anti-communist, and anti-socialist voters. While the French party system had been dominated by polarisation and competition between the clear-cut ideological alternatives of two political blocs in the 1970s,
7821-452: The presidential run-off with an unprecedented 82.2% of the vote, with 71% of his votes—according to polls—cast simply "to block Le Pen". Following the presidential election, the main centre-right parties merged to form the broad-based Union for a Popular Movement (UMP). The FN failed to hold on to Le Pen's support for the 2002 legislative elections , in which it got 11.3% of the vote. It nevertheless outpolled Mégret's MNR, which had fielded
7920-400: The public, which played to the party's advantage. The FN, notably, made inroads in both right-wing and left-wing constituencies, and finished 2nd in a number of towns. While many Socialists had arguably exploited the party in order to divide the right, Mitterrand later conceded that he had underestimated Le Pen. By July, 17% of opinion poll respondents held a positive opinion of the FN. By
8019-532: The rest of the country, others were located in northern France, where Socialist Party had been strong until the 2010s. Following these elections, the National Front had, in cities of over 1,000 inhabitants, 1,546 and 459 councilors at two different levels of local government. The international media described the results as "historic", and "impressive", although the International Business Times suggested that "hopes for real political power remain
8118-420: The risk of provoking the central government and being at odds with the laws of the Republic. The FN's elected representatives pursued interventionist policies with regards to the new cultural complexion of their towns by directly influencing artistic events, cinema schedules, and library holdings, as well as cutting or halting subsidies for multicultural associations. The party won Vitrolles , its fourth town, in
8217-426: The same number of candidates but won a mere 1.1% support. A new electoral system of two-round voting had been introduced for the 2004 regional elections , in part in an attempt to reduce the FN's influence in regional councils. The FN won 15.1% of the vote in metropolitan France, almost the same as in 1998, but its number of councillors was almost halved due to the new system. For the 2004 European elections , too,
8316-404: The second round but finished a distant second in the runoff to Jacques Chirac . His daughter Marine Le Pen was elected to succeed him as party leader in 2012. She temporarily stepped down in 2017 in order to concentrate on her presidential candidacy; she resumed her leadership after the election. She headed the party until 2021, when she temporarily resigned again. A year later, Jordan Bardella
8415-492: The terms of Article 317 of the Criminal Code, is a crime, punishable by 6 months to 10 years in prison, a fine of between 1800 and 250,000 Francs, and loss of professional license." Catholics and right-wing political groups continue to protest abortion. The far-right party National Rally (formerly National Front) , has attempted unsuccessfully to decrease funding for abortions. There are several major anti-abortion groups in
8514-528: The then- Shadow Home Secretary , Ann Widdecombe , met with SPUC to discuss concerns that following Bowman's resignation, the organisation may divert resources from the political arena and seek greater realignment with the Catholic Church, alienating Protestant, Muslim and atheist supporters of SPUC. SPUC opposed locked-in syndrome sufferer Tony Nicklinson 's legal battle for a right to assisted death. SPUC has opposed same-sex marriage . On 18 June 2019,
8613-452: The two blocs had largely moved towards the centre by the mid-1980s. This led many voters to perceive the blocs as more or less indistinguishable, particularly after the Socialists ' "austerity turn" ( tournant de la rigueur ) of 1983, in turn inducing them to seek out to new political alternatives. By October 1982, Le Pen supported the prospect of deals with the mainstream right, provided that
8712-701: The use of his veto in advance if necessary to prevent the introduction of abortion. Abortion is legal in Russia as an elective procedure up to the 12th week of pregnancy, and in special circumstances at later stages. The abortion issue gained renewed attention in 2011 in a debate that The New York Times says "has begun to sound like the debate in the United States ". Parliament passed and President Dmitri Medvedev signed several restrictions on abortion into law to combat "a falling birthrate" and " plunging population ". The restrictions include requiring abortion providers to devote 10% of advertising costs to describing
8811-497: The values of the French Republic and Islam . Following that success, surveys found that French public opinion was largely negative towards Islam. In a 1989 legislative by-election in Dreux, FN candidate Marie-France Stirbois, campaigning mostly on an anti- Islamism platform, returned a symbolic FN presence to the National Assembly. By the early 1990s, some mainstream politicians began also employing anti-immigration rhetoric. In
8910-535: The votes. In the 2022 parliamentary elections , the National Rally achieved a significant increase in the number of its MPs in the National Assembly , from 7 to 89 seats. In June 2024, the party, led by its president Jordan Bardella, won the European Parliament elections in a landslide with 31.4% of the votes. This caused Macron to announce a snap election to try to garner more support for his party, Ensemble. Later that month, an RN-led right-wing coalition topped
9009-570: The youngest ever member of the French parliament. In late 2017, Florian Philippot left the FN and formed The Patriots , on the grounds that the FN had "softened" its position on leaving the EU and abandoning the Euro . At the conclusion of the 11 March 2018 party congress in Lille, Marine Le Pen proposed renaming the party to Rassemblement national (National Rally) while keeping the flame as its logo. The new name
9108-409: Was announced that Marine Le Pen had received the two-thirds vote needed to become the new leader of the FN. She embarked on a project to transform the FN into a "mainstream party" by softening its xenophobic image. Opinion polls showed the party's popularity increase under Marine Le Pen, and in the 2011 cantonal elections the party won 15% of the overall vote (up from 4.5% in 2008). However, due to
9207-502: Was confirmed by a ballot of party members. Formerly strongly Eurosceptic , the National Rally changed policies in 2019, deciding to campaign for a reform of the EU rather than leaving it and to keep the euro as the main currency of France (together with the CFP franc for some collectivities). In 2021, Le Pen announced that she wanted to remain in the Schengen Area , citing "an attachment to
9306-399: Was driving women. Marital rape and the seduction of unmarried women were societal ills which feminists believed caused the need to abort, as men did not respect women's right to abstinence . Anti-abortion groups like Students for Life of America and Susan B. Anthony Pro-Life America are at times associated with conservatism. Other groups, such as Focus on the Family , are considered
9405-422: Was elected as her successor. The party has seen an increase in its popularity and acceptance in French society in recent years. It has been accused of promoting xenophobia and antisemitism . While her father was nicknamed the "Devil of the Republic" by mainstream media and sparked outrage for hate speech , including Holocaust denial and Islamophobia , Marine Le Pen pursued a policy of " de-demonisation " of
9504-509: Was linked to his repeated declarations that he wouldn't allow the abortion debate to be re-opened. Since the 1980s, at least forty-three private member bills that are against abortion have been sent to the House of Commons yet none of them have been passed. Canadian anti-abortion discourse increasingly "aims at changing cultural values more than legislation; is explicitly framed as 'pro-woman'; largely avoids appealing to religious grounds; and relies on
9603-458: Was marginalised altogether in the 1978 legislative elections , although the PFN came out better off. In the first election for the European Parliament in 1979 , the PFN became part of an attempt to build a "Euro-Right" alliance of the continent's far-right parties, and was in the end the only one of the two that contested the election. It fielded Jean-Louis Tixier-Vignancour as its primary candidate, while Le Pen called for voter abstention. For
9702-667: Was originally derived from the British law. Until 1967, British law stated that "an induced abortion is unlawful in all situations save the (probable) exception of situations where it is necessary to save the life of the mother." Australia partook of this law until Britain changed it in 1967 towards a more liberal standpoint. All states and territories, except Western Australia, have laws prohibiting anti-abortion campaigners from harassing visitors and staff of abortion clinics by setting exclusion zones around abortion clinics. In Evangelical Christianity , international organizations like Focus on
9801-485: Was put to a vote among all party members. Rassemblement national had already been used as the name of a French party, the Rassemblement National Français , led by the radical-right lawyer Jean-Louis Tixier-Vignancour . His presidential campaign in 1965 had been managed by Jean-Marie Le Pen. The name had also been used by the FN previously, for its parliamentary group between 1986 and 1988 . However,
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