101-508: Southern Kaduna People's Union ( SOKAPU ) is a socio-cultural organization, acting as an umbrella body representing the people of Southern Kaduna , Kaduna State , Nigeria . In a statement made by the chairman, Southern Kaduna Leadership Council (SKLC), Ishaya Dary Akau, in September 2022, SOKAPU was mentioned as a member of the council. However, many are uncomfortable with the SOKAPU being berated as
202-761: A Fulani chieftain from Dumurkul in Mai'Adua , and his mother, whose name was Zulaihat, had Hausa and Kanuri ancestry. He is the twenty-third-(23) child of his father and was named after ninth-century Persian Islamic scholar Muhammad al-Bukhari . Buhari was about four years old when his father died and was thereafter raised by his mother alone. He attended primary school in Daura and Mai'adua , finishing in 1953, Katsina Middle School, and attended Katsina Provincial Secondary School in Katsina State from 1956 to 1961 where he earned his West African School Certificate . Buhari went to
303-425: A ceremony attended by at least 23 heads of state and government. The second inauguration of Buhari as the 15th president of Nigeria , and 4th president in the fourth Nigerian Republic took place on Wednesday, 29 May 2019, following the 2019 Nigerian presidential election and marking the start of the second and final four-year term of Muhammadu Buhari as president and Yemi Osinbajo as vice president . It
404-619: A National Executive Council (NEC), constituting the Central Executive Committee (CEC), chairman and Secretaries of all State Chapters and local branches. It also has the Women, Youth and Student wings, and all past Presidents of SOKAPU. On 13 May 2023, the entire SOKAPU national exco was suspended by the NEC in a meeting in Kaduna . The suspended exco, however, challenged the decision. They tendered
505-475: A commercial scale, with Southern Kaduna having over 30 minerals with over fifty percent (50%) of them minable. In August 2016, the NTA reported the discovery of nickel in the village of Dangoma, a village over 11 km south of Kafanchan , by a private mining network led by an Australian mining veteran, Hugh Morgan . The Australian was said to have reported that the discovered nickel balls which are rumored to have
606-558: A common culture and history . James (2000) classified these people based on their ethno-linguistic affinities under the topic "The Middle Belt (Composition of the Nok Culture Area )", and grouping the subgroups into the following groups: The above grouping on the Proto- Plateau ethnolinguistic clusters was however modified based on the spoken languages by Blench (2008) as follows: Outside of James (2000)'s classification lie
707-569: A diverse minority of ethnolinguistic groups, who speak languages belonging to the Niger–Congo and West Chadic language groups. Below are the languages and dialects spoken by the people of Southern Kaduna: In the mid-2000s, former Nigerian Minister of Solid Minerals during the Olusegun Obasanjo regime, Leslie Obiora, compiled a list of minerals across the country, which amounted to a total of 74 minerals; 34 were declared fit for mining on
808-510: A doctor who had led a strike against Buhari to protest declining health care services. Buhari was then detained in Benin City until 1988. Buhari spent three years of detention in a small guarded bungalow in Benin . He had access to television that showed two channels and members of his family were allowed to visit him on the authorization of Babangida. In December 1988, after his mother's death he
909-530: A great extent on the use of local materials. However, tightening of imports led to reduction in raw materials for industries causing many industries to operate below capacity, reduction of workers and in some cases business closure. Buhari broke ties with the International Monetary Fund, when the fund asked the government to devalue the naira by 60%. However, the reforms that Buhari instigated on his own were as or more rigorous as those required by
1010-403: A growth rate of 0.9% since the administration's first term, unemployment is at an all-time high of 23%, and millions entered poverty. Since 2015, Buhari has lost supporters due to his perceived un-energetic personality and contemplative decision making. Buhari's key advisers include: his nephew Mamman Daura , businessman Ismaila Isa Funtua , political operator Baba Gana Kingibe , Abba Kyari
1111-533: A jail sentence of up to two years. In order to reform the economy, as Head of State, Buhari started to rebuild the nation's social-political and economic systems, along the realities of Nigeria's austere economic conditions. The rebuilding included removing or cutting back the excesses in national expenditure, obliterating or removing completely, corruption from the nation's social ethics, shifting from mainly public sector employment to self-employment. Buhari also encouraged import substitution industrialisation based to
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#17328756791521212-619: A letter of protest titled "Request For Urgent Intervention On The Purported Suspension of the CEC By NEC" to Stephen Bangoji, the chairman, of the Board of Trustees (BoT) of SOKAPU, stating that their suspension was not carried out by proper procedures, and as a result, they sought the BoT's intervention. The opening paragraph of the letter had the following content, "The Central Executive Committee (CEC) has been embroiled in leadership crisis which has pitched
1313-516: A member of the SKLC. As of March 2024, the SOKAPU National President was Samuel Tabara Kato. The Southern Kaduna People's Union (SOKAPU) was said to be an offspring of a defunct body called "Nerzit" (meaning "Our people"). The name was coined from how many Southern Kaduna ethnic groups refer to themselves and their neighbours. In July 2000, SOKAPU made an assertion that Kaduna was founded by
1414-416: A nickel grade exceeding 90 percent and believed to be a global innovation due to their wide distribution, present an opportunity for generating immediate revenue through a straightforward and cost-effective screening process. This revenue can be utilized to finance a comprehensive evaluation of the discovery, which has sparked excitement within the exploration community. The newspaper added, "...the discovery
1515-591: A party he had helped to found. He said that he had supported foundation of the CPC "as a solution to the debilitating, ethical and ideological conflicts in my former party the ANPP". Buhari was the CPC presidential candidate in the 2011 election, running against incumbent President Goodluck Jonathan of the People's Democratic Party (PDP), Mallam Nuhu Ribadu of Action Congress of Nigeria (ACN), and Ibrahim Shekarau of ANPP. They were
1616-746: A security risk to the state for up to three months. Strikes and popular demonstrations were banned and Nigeria's security agency, the National Security Organization (NSO) was entrusted with unprecedented powers. The NSO played a wide role in the cracking down of public dissent by intimidating, harassing and jailing individuals who broke the interdiction on strikes. By October 1984, about 200,000 civil servants were retrenched. Buhari mounted an offensive against entrenched interests. In 20 months as Head of State, about 500 politicians, officials and businessmen were jailed for corruption during his stewardship. Detainees were released after releasing sums to
1717-453: A single Fulani is facing prosecution for these crimes. Ironically, scores of Atyap leaders have been arrested and put in jail over trumped up charges in the violence in which they are the victims."... In November 2019, former lawmaker and adviser to former Nigerian president Olusegun Obasanjo , Jonathan Asake , defeated closest contender polled 248 votes defeating closest contender, Reuben Turbi, who polled 49 votes. Sometime in early 2022,
1818-413: A statement he signed said the region makes up 51.2% of the entire state's population as shown in the 2006 census figures, occupying 26,000 sq. km. of the state's 46,000 sq. km. total land mass, with 57 registered ethnic nationalities of the state's 67 identified ones. Angerbrandt (2015) views it as being less of a geographical identity and more of an ethnic identity concept. The Nok culture thrived in
1919-497: A staunch anti-corruption fighter and his incorruptible and honest reputation, but he said he would not probe past corrupt leaders and would give officials who stole in the past amnesty if they repented. In the runup to the 2015 election, Jonathan's campaign asked that Buhari be disqualified from the election, claiming that he was in breach of the Constitution. According to the fundamental document, in order to qualify for election to
2020-509: Is a Nigerian statesman who served as the president of Nigeria from 2015 to 2023. A retired Nigerian Army major general, he served as the country's military head of state from 31 December 1983 to 27 August 1985, after taking power from the Shehu Shagari civilian government in a military coup d'état . The term Buharism is used to describe the authoritarian policies of his military regime. Buhari ran for president of Nigeria on
2121-421: Is a famine in the east of Niger that have been named "El Buhari". His regime drew criticism from many, including Nigeria's first Nobel Prize winner Wole Soyinka , who, in 2007, wrote a piece called "The Crimes of Buhari" which outlined many of the abuses conducted under his military rule. Ahead of the 2015 general election, Buhari responded to his human rights criticism by saying that if elected, he would follow
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#17328756791522222-715: Is an area of the Nok Culture region inhabited by various related ethnic groups who do not identify as Hausa , living south of Zaria , Kaduna State . It is located in the Middle Belt region of Nigeria . According to the Southern Kaduna People's Union (SOKAPU), Southern Kaduna consists of 12 (or 13 ) Local Government Areas out of 23 in Kaduna State. In September 2020, the SOKAPU national publicity secretary, Luka Binniyat, in
2323-553: Is calculated to bring the Federal Military Government or the Government of a state or public officer to ridicule or disrepute, shall be guilty of an offense under this Decree". The law further stated that offending journalists and publishers will be tried by an open military tribunal, whose ruling would be final and unappealable in any court and those found guilty would be eligible for a fine not less than 10,000 naira and
2424-577: Is justice. In his words, "But we believe peace is not achieved through a cosmetic process. There must be justice first. People attacked without provocation at night by Fulani invaders and the governor (Nasir El-Rufai) keeps denying and saying it is communal clashes." Twice, the SOKAPU spokesman, Luka Binniyat, was arrested for criticizing governor el-Rufai's approach to handling the attacks in Southern Kaduna, firstly in July 2017 and secondly in his office at
2525-465: Is unusual because the nickel is found in small balls up to 3mm in diameter of a high purity in shallow soils in what could be the surface expression of a much bigger hard-rock nickel field." Southern Kaduna is the epicentre of ginger production in Nigeria. In the 1990s, ginger farmers enjoyed profit from the sales of their harvested crops due to the availability of ginger processing companies all over
2626-577: The APC . In his stead, Awemi Dio Maisamari, the national president of the Adara Development Association (ADA), was made to take his place on 10 September 2022, at the second National Executive Council (NEC) meeting of SOKAPU in Kaduna . Elder Stephen Bangoji, the SOKAPU Board of Trustees (BoT) chairman, and some board members were in attendance. In April 2023, a Punch Nigeria reporter criticized
2727-612: The All Nigeria People's Party (ANPP). He was defeated by the People's Democratic Party incumbent, President Olusẹgun Ọbasanjọ , by more than 11 million votes. On 18 December 2006, Buhari was nominated as the consensus candidate of the All Nigeria People's Party. His main challenger in the April 2007 polls was the ruling PDP candidate, Umaru Yar'Adua , who hailed from the same home state of Katsina . Buhari officially took 18% of
2828-602: The Chief of Staff to the President ; and from the late stages of his first term, Boss Mustapha the Secretary to the Government of the Federation . Empowering his kitchen cabinet after his second inauguration, Buhari has stated his preference for cabinet members seeking meetings or consultation to direct such requests through the chief of staff or through the government secretary. Since
2929-700: The Defence Services Staff College , Wellington, India, in 1973. From 1974 to 1975 Buhari was acting director of Transport and Supply at the Nigerian Army Corps of Supply and Transport Headquarters. In the 1975 military coup d'état , Lieutenant Colonel Buhari was among a group of officers that brought General Murtala Mohammed to power. He was later appointed Governor of the North-Eastern State from 1 August 1975 to 3 February 1976, to oversee social, economic and political improvements in
3030-652: The Federal Commissioner for Petroleum and Natural Resources (now minister). In 1977, when the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation was created, Buhari was appointed as its chairman, a position he held until 1978. During his tenure as the Federal Commissioner for Petroleum and Natural Resources, the government invested in pipelines and petroleum storage infrastructures. The government built about 21 petroleum storage depots all over
3131-535: The Fourth Republic , ministerial positions are legally required to be composed of a federal ethno-demographic character with a minister representing each state of the federation. A result of this has created the outcome of political considerations as an important factor in nominating ministers as local party officials lacking in merit jostle for cabinet positions. Nomination into Buhari's cabinet has been influenced by those political considerations and also closeness to
Southern Kaduna People's Union - Misplaced Pages Continue
3232-737: The Gbagyi , which the Muslim League for Accountability (MULAC) leader, Muhammad Awwal Sa'id, faulted in a press conference at the Press Centre in Kaduna. He accused SOKAPU of distorting what he called 'historical facts'. On 8 April 2014, associations in Southern Kaduna including the Ephraim Goje-led SOKAPU, signed a pact with the MACBAN to bring to an end the killings ongoing in parts of Southern Kaduna by
3333-474: The Nigerian federal government and stated that 85% of Nigeria's ginger production was from Kaduna State, largely contributing to making the country the 2nd highest producer of the crop in the world. He added that Nigeria realized about 10 billion Naira from the export of the crop in the 2nd quarter of that year. In May 2024, Daily Trust reported that in addition to the loss of seeds to the outbreak, farmers faced
3434-570: The Second Republic but also as the cause of a general decline in morality in society. The structure of the new military leadership—the fifth in Nigeria since independence—resembled the last military regime, the Obasanjo / Yaradua administration. The new regime established a Supreme Military Council, a Federal Executive Council and a Council of States. The number of ministries was trimmed to 18, while
3535-406: The 1st Division. The 2 battalion was one of the units that participated in the first actions of the war: they started from Gakem near Afikpo and moved towards Ogoja , with support from Gado Nasko 's artillery squad. They reached and captured Ogoja within a week, with the intention of advancing through the flanks to Enugu , the rebel capital. Buhari was briefly the 2 battalion's Commander and led
3636-529: The Council. The listing of the SOKAPU under the SKLC, however, was not popular with some members of the SOKAPU executive as the group was soon plunged into an internal crisis which climaxed with the resignation of Maisamari. In 2021, while speaking to Guardian Nigeria , the SOKAPU President, Jonathan Asake stated that Southern Kaduna had demanded the creation of Gurara State for over 30 years. He added that
3737-571: The Director-general of SOKAPU, Ishaku Kazah Bitrus, reportedly said its national leader, Jonathan Asake, was not an aspirant of any political party in the forthcoming 2023 Kaduna State gubernatorial election . In August 2022, the SOKAPU National President, Jonathan Asake , resigned to contest for the position of Governor of Kaduna State under the Labour Party in the 2023 Kaduna State gubernatorial election , which he later lost to Uba Sani of
3838-587: The Fulani herdsmen. On 25 August 2016, the SOKAPU excos issued a press statement during a mass protest staged by the union in Gwantu , Sanga LGA , which was signed by its president, Kaptain Solomon Musa, carefully pointed out the previous confessions by the Kaduna State governor, Nasir el-Rufai , including biased comments and confessions of knowing who the killers of the Southern Kaduna people were and doing nothing to stop
3939-479: The IMF. On 7 May 1984, Buhari announced the country's 1984 National Budget. The budget came with a series of complementary measures: Other economic measures by Buhari took the form of counter trade, currency change, price reduction of goods and services. His economic policies did not earn him the legitimacy of the masses due to the rise in inflation and the use of military might to continue to push many policies blamed for
4040-1061: The Nigerian Military Training School, Kaduna in 1963. In 1962, at the age of 19, Buhari enrolled in the Nigerian Military Training College (NMTC). In February 1964, the college was upgraded to an officer commissioning unit of the Nigerian Army and renamed the Nigerian Defence Academy (NDA) (prior to 1964, the Nigerian government sent cadets who had completed their NMTC preliminary training to mostly Commonwealth military academies for officer cadet training). From 1962 to 1963, Buhari underwent officer cadet training at Mons Officer Cadet School in Aldershot in England . In January 1963, at age 20, Buhari
4141-552: The President of SOKAPU, Mr. Awemi Dio Maisamari, the General Secretary, Mr Stephen Mallan on one side and 13 other members of the exco respectively." Among the concerns of the suspended SOKAPU national excos is the bringing of SOKAPU under the group called the Southern Kaduna Leadership Council (SKLC) among others, all stated in the letter. "Some of the areas in which we have had major disagreements with
Southern Kaduna People's Union - Misplaced Pages Continue
4242-587: The SOKAPU and SKLC endorsed Peter Obi of the Labour Party (LP) and Atiku Abubakar of the PDP , two candidates running for the position of President of Nigeria . In April 2023, the SOKAPU National President, Awemi Maisamari Dio, called for a UN / AU base to be established in Southern Kaduna following the intensified killings in Atyap land. In his words, "We advocate for a UN or AU Peace Enforcement Operations Base in Southern Kaduna. This will practically demonstrate that
4343-465: The SOKAPU leader for making a statement he felt wasn't right. The reporter narrated that the SOKAPU leader was on AIT and talked about not believing in the current government and the entire system. In December 2023, Samuel Tabara Kato emerged as the winner of the election for the SOKAPU National President chair by polling 342 votes. He defeated former Atyap Community Development Association (ACDA) President, Samuel Achie, who polled 299 votes. SOKAPU has
4444-557: The SOKAPU secretariat in Kaduna in November 2021. In April 2022, Asake issued a statement saying that 148 communities were attacked by bandits and terrorists, with about 200,000 natives displaced in the past six years in Southern Kaduna . He, thereafter, called on Civil Society Organisations (CSOs), Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs), Foreign Missions, the EU , UN , and others, to look into
4545-507: The Second Infantry Battalion and was appointed brigade major , Second Sector, First Infantry Division, April 1967 to July 1967. Following the bloody 1966 Nigerian coup d'état , which resulted in the death of Premier Ahmadu Bello , Lieutenant Buhari, alongside several young officers from Northern Nigeria , took part in the July counter-coup which ousted General Aguiyi Ironsi , replacing him with General Yakubu Gowon . Buhari
4646-518: The Vice President of CONAECDA .""... In the letter, the excos accused Maisamari of inactivity and Mallan of incompetence. They said the SOKAPU President convened a CEC meeting on 25 April 2023, in which there were disagreements on several issues, and then he announced that another meeting with the NEC would be held on 13 May 2023, to address the issues that could not be trashed during the CEC meeting. During
4747-573: The administration carried out a retrenchment exercise among the senior ranks of the civil service and police. It retired 17 permanent secretaries and some senior police and naval officers. In addition, the new military administration promulgated new laws to achieve its aim. These laws included the Robbery and Firearms (Special Provisions) Decree for the prosecution of armed robbery cases, and the State Security (Detention of Person) Decree, which gave powers to
4848-486: The age of 17 caught cheating on an exam would get 21 years in prison. Counterfeiting and arson could lead to the death penalty. Buhari's administration enacted three decrees to investigate corruption and control foreign exchange. The Banking (Freezing of Accounts) Decree of 1984, allotted to the Federal Military Government the power to freeze bank accounts of persons suspected to have committed fraud. The Recovery of Public Property (Special Military Tribunals) Decree permitted
4949-426: The area now known as Southern Kaduna as early as 1500 BC and lasted up until circa 500 AD. Achi (2005:378) mentioned that the itinerary settlement of Zangon Kataf , established circa 1650 AD for the itinerant Hausa traders became important. The table below contains the 12 Local Government Areas of Southern Kaduna: Southern Kaduna is composed of closely related ethnic groups and several subgroups united by
5050-471: The battalion to Afikpo to link with the 3rd Marine Commando and advance towards Enugu through Nkalagu and Abakaliki . However, before the move to Enugu, he was posted to Nsukka as Brigade Major of the 3rd Infantry Brigade under Joshua Gin, who would later become battle fatigued and replaced by Isa Bukar. Buhari stayed with the infantry for a few months as the Nigerian army began to adjust tactics learnt from early battle experiences. Instead of swift advances,
5151-547: The council announced included the Southern Kaduna Elders Consultative Forum, Southern Kaduna Autochthonous Community Development Associations Forum, Forum of Southern Kaduna Professors, Southern Kaduna Christian Leaders Association, Southern Kaduna Retired Military and Para-Military Officers Association, Southern Kaduna Lawyers Forum, Southern Kaduna Leaders Forum, and the Visionaries for the formation of
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#17328756791525252-534: The country from Lagos to Maiduguri and from Calabar to Gusau ; the administration constructed a pipeline network that connected Bonny terminal and the Port Harcourt refinery to the depots. Also, the administration signed the contract for the construction of a refinery in Kaduna and an oil pipeline that will connect the Escravos oil terminal to Warri Refinery and the proposed Kaduna refinery. From 1978 to 1979, he
5353-429: The deputy coordinator and Nathaniel Auta the secretary. In May 2021, Jonathan Asake , the SOKAPU National President, demanded for the creation of a separate state for Southern Kaduna to solve the problems being faced by the people of the region which according to him, included marginalisation and the issue of killings. He remarked, "We have been demanding for a state of our own for over thirty years and Gurara State
5454-537: The drug known as cocaine or other similar drugs, shall be guilty under section 6 (3) (K) of an offence and liable on conviction to suffer death sentence by firing squad." In the case of Bernard Ogedengebe, the Decree was applied retroactively. He was executed even if at the time of his arrest the crime did not mandate the capital punishment, but had carried a sentence of six months imprisonment. In another prominent case of April 1985, six Nigerians were condemned to death under
5555-452: The government and agreeing to meet certain conditions. The regime also jailed its critics, including Fela Kuti . He was arrested on 4 September 1984 at the airport as he was about to embark on an American tour. Amnesty International described the charges brought against him for illegally exporting foreign currency as "spurious". Using the wide powers bestowed upon it by Decree Number 2, the government sentenced Fela to five years in prison. He
5656-503: The government of General Sani Abacha , and funded from the revenue generated by the increase in price of petroleum products, to pursue developmental projects around the country. A 1998 report in New African praised the PTF under Buhari for its transparency, calling it a rare "success story". 2003 presidential election In 2003, Buhari ran for the office of the president as the candidate of
5757-467: The government to investigate the assets of public officials linked with corruption and constitute a military tribunal to try such persons. The Exchange Control (Anti-Sabotage) Decree stated penalties for violators of foreign exchange laws. Decree 20 on illegal ship bunkering and drug trafficking was another example of Buhari's tough approach to crime. Section 3 (2) (K) provided that "any person who, without lawful authority deals in, sells, smokes or inhales
5858-481: The grace of God, the dog and the baboon would all be soaked in blood". Buhari remained a "folk hero" to some for his vocal opposition to corruption. He won 12,214,853 votes, coming in second to Jonathan, who polled 22,495,187 votes and was declared the winner. Buhari ran in the 2015 presidential election as a candidate of the All Progressives Congress party. His platform was built around his image as
5959-427: The groups from the Proto- West Chadic ethnolinguistic cluster: The Southern kaduna population is estimated to be over 4.5 million people out of the estimated 8.5 million population in Kaduna state in 2016. Predicted 5.1 million people out of 12 million predicted population of Kaduna State in 2021. The common general languages spoken in the area are Hausa, English and the Nigerian Pidgin. Southern Kaduna consists of
6060-413: The history of Nigeria that an incumbent president lost a re-election bid. He was sworn in on 29 May 2015. In February 2019, Buhari was re-elected , defeating his closest rival, former Vice President Atiku Abubakar , by over 3 million votes. Muhammadu Buhari was born to a Fulani family on 17 December 1942, in Daura , a town in Katsina State , Nigeria. His father was called Mallam Hardo Adamu,
6161-570: The income of farmers in the region. He urged affluent individuals to support the less privileged, cautioning the youth against engaging in negative behaviors, and called for collective efforts, including sacrifices from SOKAPU leadership, to achieve the union's goals and advance the area's development. Southern Kaduna Southern Kaduna ( Tyap : A̱tak Ka̱duna [ǝtag kǝduna] ; Jju : Ka̱tak Ka̱duna [kǝtag kǝduna] ; Hausa : Kudancin Kaduna [kudǝnt͡ʃin kəduna] ; formerly Southern Zaria)
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#17328756791526262-444: The insurgency he said is fanned by mindless bigots masquerading as Muslims". In July 2014, Buhari escaped a bomb attack on his life by Boko Haram in Kaduna, 82 people were killed. In December 2014, Buhari pledged to enhance security in Nigeria if elected president. After this announcement, Buhari's approval ratings skyrocketed, largely due to Jonathan's apparent inability to fight Boko Haram. Buhari made internal security and wiping out
6363-422: The killings in the region. The union challenged the people of Southern Kaduna to defend themselves. They also called for el-Rufai's resignation due to his biased attitudes towards the killings. In April 2017, SOKAPU released a communique signed by its president, Kaptain Solomon Musa, and General Secretary, Anto Ambi Ogah, warning of impending humanitarian crisis across Southern Kaduna due to the ongoing killings in
6464-445: The lives of 800 people across the country, as Buhari's supporters attacked Christian settlements in the country's central region. The three-day uprising was blamed in part on Buhari's inflammatory comments. In spite of assurances from Human Rights Watch, which had judged the elections "among the fairest in Nigeria's history", Buhari claimed that the vote was flawed and warned that "If what happened in 2011 should again happen in 2015, by
6565-422: The major contenders among 20 candidates. Buhari campaigned on an anti-corruption platform and pledged to remove immunity protections from government officials. He also gave support to enforcement of Sharia law in Nigeria's northern states, which had previously caused him political difficulties among Christian voters in the country's south. The elections were marred by widespread sectarian violence, which claimed
6666-400: The meeting with the NEC, the acting national president of SOKAPU, Awemi Dio Maisamari, made a remark expressing his failure to lead SOKAPU and thereafter tendered his resignation. The NEC after suspending the excos created an Investigation Committee and a Caretaker Committee to manage the union. In a signed statement, the NEC's Vice President 1, Elisha Rosy, and 11 others, expressed concerns over
6767-426: The militant group one of the key pillars of his campaign. In January 2015, the insurgent group "The Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta" (MEND) endorsed Buhari. In February 2015, former Nigerian President Olusegun Obasanjo quit the ruling PDP party and endorsed Buhari. On 31 March, Jonathan called Buhari to concede and congratulate him on his election as president. Buhari was sworn in on 29 May 2015 in
6868-439: The military to detain individuals suspected of jeopardizing state security or causing economic adversity. Other decrees included the Civil Service Commission and Public Offenders Decree, which constituted the legal and administrative basis to conduct a purge in the civil service. According to Decree Number 2 of 1984, the state security and the chief of staff were given the power to detain, without charges, individuals deemed to be
6969-418: The military's seizure of power by castigating the civilian government as hopelessly corrupt and promptly suspended the constitution . Another rationale for the coup was to correct economic decline in Nigeria. In the military's first broadcast after the coup, Sani Abacha linked 'an inept and corrupt leadership' with general economic decline. In Buhari's New Year's Day speech, he too mentioned the corrupt class of
7070-428: The new tactics involved securing and holding on to the lines of communications and using captured towns as training ground to train new recruits brought in from the army depots in Abeokuta and Zaria . In 1968, he was posted to the 4 Sector, also called the Awka sector, which was charged with taking over the capture of Onitsha from Division 2. The sector's operations were within the Awka - Abagana -Onitsha region, which
7171-497: The now acting national president of SOKAPU, Awemi Dio Maisamari, as reported by Leadership Nigeria responded to the alarm raised by the Kaduna State governor, Nasir el-Rufai , over a memo he wrote to the Nigerian president, Mohammadu Buhari , about the rising security challenges in the state with concerns of terrorists creating a parallel government. Maisamari reportedly said the governor ought to refocus his robust and occasionally misguided political determination toward prioritizing
7272-594: The office of the president, a person must be "educated up to at least School certificate level or its equivalent". Buhari failed to submit any such evidence, claiming that he lost the original copies of his diplomas when his house was raided following his overthrow from power in 1985. In May 2014, in the wake of the Chibok schoolgirls kidnapping , Buhari strongly denounced the Boko Haram insurgency. He "urged Nigerians to put aside religion, politics and all other divisions to crush
7373-527: The ongoing atrocities, crimes against humanity, and ethnic cleansing being done against the Southern Kaduna people. He added, "Mineral deposits and green areas for cattle rearing in the entire Middle Belt are responsible for killing in Southern Kaduna. We have concluded plans to take over our ancestral land because what is going on is ethnic cleansing in Southern Kaduna and the entire Middle Belt. Several communities have been attacked in Southern Kaduna at genocidal proportion." Later in 2022, Asake's successor,
7474-520: The platform and support of the All Nigeria Peoples Party (ANPP) in 2003 and 2007 , and on the Congress for Progressive Change (CPC) platform in 2011 . In December 2014, he emerged as the presidential candidate of the All Progressives Congress party for the 2015 general election . Buhari won the election, defeating incumbent President Goodluck Ebele Jonathan . This was the first time in
7575-525: The president and his inner cabinet. In August 2019, the president named his cabinet of predominantly male members with an average years of 60 and dominated by political actors or those close to the president. The cabinet include two wealthy former governors from the Niger Delta, Timipre Sylva and Godswill Akpabio who were originally members of the opposition party PDP and fourteen retained ministers some of whom critics alleged had performed poorly or having
7676-444: The proposed state was among the 18 proposed states in the report of the 2014 Nigerian National Confab conducted during the presidency of Goodluck Jonathan given amending the Nigerian constitution . Among the notable people from Southern Kaduna are: [REDACTED] Media related to Southern Kaduna at Wikimedia Commons Mohammadu Buhari Muhammadu Buhari GCFR ( Hausa pronunciation ; born 17 December 1942)
7777-519: The region. Still, today, most of those companies have shut down without efforts to revive them on the government's side. A fungal disease outbreak was noticed across many areas in Southern Kaduna in the first week of July 2023. In September 2023, while speaking in Kachia , the President of the National Ginger Association of Nigeria, Nuhu B. Dauda, decried the loss of about 10 billion Naira by
7878-679: The region. The statement was made after the SOKAPU stakeholders' summit at the Bajju Town Hall, Zonkwa . In November 2020, Jonathan Asake , the SOKAPU President expressed his views on the peace-brokering by the Agwatyap between the Atyap and Fulani as a "cosmetic process". He said peace cannot be achieved without justice and said SOKAPU is open to partner with the Nasir el-Rufai -led government and other sociocultural groups in pursuit of peace so long as there
7979-649: The rise in food prices. One of the most enduring legacies of the Buhari government has been the War Against Indiscipline (WAI). Launched on 20 March 1984, the policy tried to address the perceived lack of public morality and civic responsibility of Nigerian society. Unruly Nigerians were ordered to form neat queues at bus stops, under the eyes of whip-wielding soldiers. Civil servants who failed to show up on time at work were humiliated and forced to do "frog jumps". Minor offences carried long sentences. Any student over
8080-484: The risk of being kidnapped by kidnappers in their farmlands around Kachia and Kagarko Local Government Areas. It was asserted by Kazah-Toure (1999:130) that Southern Kaduna took a lead in education in the defunct Northern Region , during the period around the Nigerian Civil War (between 1966 and 1970s). Bonat (1989:55) claims that a majority of the educated people from this region who are non-Hausa, were in
8181-431: The rule of law, and that there would be access to justice for all Nigerians and respect for fundamental human rights of Nigerians. In August 1985, Major General Buhari was overthrown in a coup led by General Ibrahim Babangida and other members of the ruling Supreme Military Council (SMC). Babangida brought many of Buhari's most vocal critics into his administration, including Fela Kuti 's brother Olikoye Ransome-Kuti ,
8282-439: The same decree: Sidikatu Tairi, Sola Oguntayo, Oladele Omosebi, Lasunkanmi Awolola, Jimi Adebayo and Gladys Iyamah. In 1985, prompted by economic uncertainties and a rising crime rate, the government of Buhari opened the borders (closed since April 1984) with Benin , Niger , Chad and Cameroon to speed up the expulsion of 700,000 illegal foreigners and illegal migrant workers. Buhari is today known for this crisis; there even
8383-545: The security and well-being of the people of Kaduna State, to address the escalating insecurity. The SOKAPU leader was also said to have added in a statement issued afterward, that the governor's admission served as validation for the concerns and alarms being voiced by the union since 2019. SOKAPU said that apart from the atrocities committed during attacks, there are ongoing unspeakable crimes and barbaric acts taking place in occupied communities, which are difficult to comprehend fully but are happening daily. In February 2023, both
8484-493: The state's economy due to the strange disease that affected the ginger production for the year. A month later, in October, while also speaking on the outbreak of ginger blight , a fungal disease, across seven Local Government Areas of Southern Kaduna, which affected about 2,500 farm hectares, the senator representing Kaduna South Senatorial District , Sunday Marshall Katung , in an interview with Arise News demanded support from
8585-515: The state. On 3 February 1976, the North Eastern State was divided into three states Bauchi , Borno and Gongola . Buhari then became the first Governor of Borno State from 3 February 1976 to 15 March 1976. In March 1976, following the botched 1976 military coup d'état attempt which led to the assassination of General Murtala Mohammed, his deputy General Olusegun Obasanjo became the military head of state and appointed Colonel Buhari as
8686-447: The successful execution of the coup by General Buhari, Tunde Idiagbon was appointed Chief of General Staff (the de facto No. 2 in the administration). The coup ended Nigeria's short-lived Second Republic , a period of multi-party democracy revived in 1979, after 13 years of military rule. According to The New York Times , the officers who took power argued that "a flawed democracy was worse than no democracy at all". Buhari justified
8787-411: The sudden transformation from a once vibrant union representing the 67 ethnic groups of the 12 LGAs of Southern Kaduna to a voiceless one. In February 2024, the current leadership of the youth wing of SOKAPU was elected. About 345 delegates were present from across the country. Maikano Mendwas emerged the national coordinator with 203 votes, defeating Solomon Simon who polled 47 votes; Jeremiah Ishaya
8888-584: The teaching profession and in the middle cadre of the civil service in contrast to the Hausa who were dominant at the highest bureaucratic levels. In March 2024, a group, Kaduna Indigenous Publishers Network spoke of the establishment of the Southern Kaduna Educational and Human Capacity Development Commission, to create access for the youths of the region to good education and training opportunities. The Southern Kaduna People's Union (SOKAPU) had been
8989-484: The two are: "Subsuming SOKAPU under one Southern Kaduna Leadership Council (SKLC), which is an aberration of the norm. SOKAPU cannot be under any southern Kaduna group, without amending the constitution of our great union. The President is more loyal to the Community Development Associations’ (CDA) forum and one CONA[E]CDA in which he has remained the President of Adara Development Association (ADA) and
9090-732: The two-year-long, distance learning program, the United States Army War College (USAWC) awards its graduate officers a master's degree in Strategic Studies. Divisional commands held in the Nigerian Army : Major-General Buhari was one of the leaders of the military coup of December 1983 that overthrew the Second Nigerian Republic . At the time of the coup plot, Buhari was the General Officer Commanding (GOC), Third Armoured Division of Jos . With
9191-456: The umbrella socio-cultural body for the about 67 recognized ethnic groups of Southern Kaduna over the decades. The group is currently under the leadership of Samuel Tabara Kato. He succeeded Awemi Dio Maisamari in December 2023 as National President of SOKAPU. In September 2022, the Southern Kaduna Leadership Council (SKLC) chaired by Ishaya Dary Akau, listed SOKAPU as its member. Other members of
9292-467: The vote to Yar'Adua's 70%, but Buhari rejected these results. After Yar'Adua took office, he called for a government of national unity to bring on board aggrieved opposition members. The ANPP joined the government with appointment of its national chairman as a member of Yar'Adua's cabinet, but Buhari denounced this agreement. In March 2010, Buhari left the ANPP for the Congress for Progressive Change (CPC),
9393-417: The world is interested in our collective survival as minority ethnic groups. It must not abandon us to be hounded by well-funded and well-armed herdsmen who are being encouraged and protected by their powerful kinsmen and collaborators in and outside Nigeria. In the past 6 years, about 63 Atyap communities have been attacked, hundreds of homes burnt and hundreds of natives killed by pillaging armed herdsmen. Not
9494-762: Was Military Secretary at the Army Headquarters and was a member of the Supreme Military Council from 1978 to 1979. From 1979 to 1980, at the rank of colonel, Buhari (class of 1980) attended the US Army War College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania , in the United States , and gained a master's degree in Strategic Studies . Upon completion of the on-campus full-time resident program lasting ten months and
9595-506: Was among the 18 states proposed in the 2014 Confab report. We are demanding the creation of the Gurara State after the amendment. This will help in solving the incessant conflicts between our people and the other divide..." The SOKAPU leadership was challenged in an interview with Blueprint Nigeria by Simon Abaah Jatau, a former interim chairman of Jema'a LGA , to implement modern agricultural practices and dry season farming to increase
9696-532: Was assigned to the 1st Division under the command of Lt. Col Mohammed Shuwa . The division had temporarily moved from Kaduna to Makurdi at the onset of the Nigerian Civil War . The 1st division was divided into sectors and then battalions, with Shuwa assisted by sector commanders Martin Adamu and Sule Apollo, who was later replaced by Theophilus Danjuma . Buhari's initial assignment was as Adjutant and Company Commander 2 battalion unit, Second Sector Infantry of
9797-870: Was commissioned a second lieutenant and appointed Platoon Commander of the Second Infantry Battalion in Abeokuta , Nigeria . From November 1963 to January 1964, Buhari attended the Platoon Commanders' Course at the Nigerian Military Training College, Kaduna . In 1964, he facilitated his military training by attending the Mechanical Transport Officer's Course at the Army Mechanical Transport School in Borden, United Kingdom . From 1965 to 1967, Buhari served as commander of
9898-519: Was important to Biafran forces because it was a major source of food supply. It was in the sector that Buhari's group suffered a lot of casualties trying to protect the food supplies route of the rebels along Oji River and Abagana . From 1970 to 1971, Buhari was Brigade Major/Commandant, Thirty-first Infantry Brigade. He then served as the Assistant Adjutant-General, First Infantry Division Headquarters, from 1971 to 1972. He also attended
9999-496: Was released after 18 months, when the Buhari regime was overthrown. In 1984, Buhari passed Decree Number 4, the Protection Against False Accusations Decree, a wide-ranging repressive press law. Section 1 of the law provided that "Any person who publishes in any form, whether written or otherwise, any message, rumour, report or statement [...] which is false in any material particular or which brings or
10100-576: Was released and retired to his residence in Daura . While in detention, his farm was managed by his relatives. He divorced his first wife in 1988 and married Aisha Halilu. In Katsina, he became the pioneer chairman of Katsina Foundation that was founded to encourage social and economic development in Katsina State . Buhari served as the Chairman of the Petroleum Trust Fund (PTF), a body created by
10201-755: Was the 8th presidential inauguration in Nigeria, and 6th in the fourth republic. The official swearing-in ceremony took place at Eagle Square in Abuja , the Federal Capital Territory . Acting Chief Justice Tanko Muhammad administered the oath of office taken by President Buhari and Vice President Yemi Osinbajo. The traditional inaugural speech was not delivered. Former Nigerian heads of state General Yakubu Gowon , General Ibrahim Babangida , Interim President Ernest Shonekan , General Abdulsalami Abubakar , General Olusegun Obasanjo and President Goodluck Jonathan were in attendance. The economy has averaged
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