Misplaced Pages

#325674

37-426: SMART-S Mk2 (Signaal Multibeam Acquisition Radar for Tracking, S band Mk2) is a naval medium to long-range air and surface surveillance multibeam passive electronically scanned array 3D radar designed by Thales Nederland , formerly Hollandse Signaalapparaten (Signaal). While the original SMART-S radar was only produced in small numbers, SMART-S Mk2 is more successful with 30 systems were sold to navies all over

74-769: A satellite radio and mobile TV standard which, as with proprietary systems in the United States, is incompatible with the open standards used in the rest of the world. In May 2009, Inmarsat and Solaris Mobile (a joint venture between Eutelsat and SES ( EchoStar Mobile )) were each awarded a 2×15 MHz portion of the S band by the European Commission . The two companies are allowed two years to start providing pan-European MSS services for 18 years. Allocated frequencies are 1.98 to 2.01 GHz for Earth to space communications, and from 2.17 to 2.2 GHz for space to Earth communications. The Eutelsat W2A satellite

111-482: A wireless router to connect them to the Internet, and in wireless access points in public places like coffee shops, hotels, libraries and airports to provide the public Internet access for mobile devices. Mobile services are operated in the 2.3 GHz to 2.6 GHz range, specifically between the 2300 - 2400 MHz band and the 2500 - 2690 MHz band. Spectrum in the 3.55 - 3.7 GHz band has been auctioned off in

148-786: A new publicly available transmission band in the 3.5 GHz band was identified as a possibility by the US National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) for shared federal and non-federal use in its 2010 Fast Track Report. This band was identified as the Citizens Broadband Radio Service in a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking released by the FCC in December 2012, which the FCC found would "promote two major advances that enable more efficient use of radio spectrum: small cells and spectrum sharing". The record

185-538: A number of CBRS trial projects were initiated in various cities in the US. In February 2017, Nokia, Alphabet and Qualcomm tested LTE technology in a CBRS-band broadcast of "live high-definition video of cars racing on a track in Las Vegas". In April, Kansas City, Missouri "approved a Google test of 3.5 GHz shared wireless in more than eight locations in that area for up to 18 months". In May, Google received permission from

222-521: A variety of commercial uses on a shared basis with incumbent federal and non-federal users of the band in the US. Access and operations will be managed by a dynamic spectrum access system, conceptually similar to the databases used to manage Television White Spaces devices. The three tiers are: Incumbent Access , Priority Access , and General Authorized Access . Use of the CBRS band will not require spectrum license, and it has been asserted that they will reduce

259-500: Is "quite likely that the band will be used for 5G, and that might synch nicely with services offered in other countries that are actually targeting the band for 5G services". It is further proposed that such a 5G network "promises to let consumers download a high-definition movie in less than a second". The first trials were conducted in Finland in 2016 in collaboration between Nokia, VTT and other Finnish organizations. Beginning in 2017,

296-602: Is designed to support full performance of surface to air missiles (SAM) , such as the RIM-162 ESSM . S band The S band is a designation by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for a part of the microwave band of the electromagnetic spectrum covering frequencies from 2 to 4  gigahertz (GHz). Thus it crosses the conventional boundary between the UHF and SHF bands at 3.0 GHz. The S band

333-467: Is inter-operable with existing Mototrbo networks. In 2021, DISH Network announced its customers would be able to set up 5G network hotspots using FreedomFi gateways and CBRS, with "rewards" paid in cryptocurrency . In 2022, California State University, Stanislaus , deployed a campus-wide 5G private local area network on CBRS. In May 2022, Federated Wireless deployed a private wireless network on CBRS to automate agricultural solutions as part of

370-592: Is used by airport surveillance radar for air traffic control , weather radar , surface ship radar , and some communications satellites , particularly satellites used by NASA to communicate with the Space Shuttle and the International Space Station . The 10 cm radar short-band ranges roughly from 1.55 to 5.2 GHz. India's regional satellite navigation network ( IRNSS ) broadcasts on 2.483778 to 2.500278 GHz. The S band also contains

407-593: The James Webb Space Telescope , launched in 2021, utilizes 2 GHz S-band to enable 40 kbps real time telemetry from near the Sun–Earth L2 point . Microwave ovens operate at 2495 or 2450 MHz in the ISM band IEEE 802.16a . Some digital cordless telephones operate in this band too. 802.16e standards use a part of the frequency range of S band; under WiMAX standards. Most vendors are manufacturing equipment in

SECTION 10

#1732868677326

444-456: The 2.4–2.483 GHz ISM band , widely used for low power unlicensed microwave devices such as cordless phones , wireless headphones ( Bluetooth ), garage door openers , keyless vehicle locks , baby monitors as well as for medical diathermy machines and microwave ovens (typically at 2.495 GHz). One of its largest uses is 2.4 GHz IEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi wireless networks, allowing smartphones, laptops, printers and TVs to connect to

481-412: The 2700–2900 MHz range. Particle accelerators may be powered by S-band RF sources. The frequencies are then standardized at 2.998 GHz corresponding to a wavelength of 100 mm (Europe) or 2.856 GHz (US). The National NEXRAD Radar network operates with S-band frequencies. Before implementation of this system, C-band frequencies were commonly used for weather surveillance. In

518-829: The CBRS Alliance entered into an agreement with the Wireless Internet Service Providers Association (WISPA) "to cooperate closely in the advancement of the CBRS spectrum band". In January 2019 the Global Mobile Suppliers Association reported that there were 11 companies investing in CBRS trials in the US, including AT&T Mobility , Boingo Wireless , Charter Communications, Comcast, Google, Midcontinent Communications , T-Mobile US , US Cellular , Verizon Wireless and Windstream . Mobile Country Code 315 and Mobile Network Code 010 have been assigned for IMSIs in CBRS systems in

555-708: The CBRS Alliance. As of mid-2017, the CBRS Alliance listed over 60 members, including Alphabet (Google) AT&T , Charter Communications , Cisco Systems , Comcast , the CTIA , Ericsson , Federated Wireless , Intel , Nokia , Qualcomm , Ruckus Wireless (now part of CommScope ), and SpiderCloud Wireless . Bloomberg Technology has described CBRS as potentially being "[m]ore reliable than Wi-Fi" and "technology that risks making Wi-Fi outmoded", and quotes CBRS Alliance president Michael Peeters characterizing CBRS as possibly "a better option for factories , airports and ports ". Network World has noted that it

592-403: The CBRS band will be required to "take care not to interfere with others already using nearby airwave bands in some locations, including military radar stations and satellite receiver stations". As with Wi-Fi , CBRS equipment will be deployed to individual building owners, and those owners, or end users occupying the property, would pay a fee for spectrum allocation through a server . In 2015,

629-503: The FCC authorized full use of the CBRS band for wireless service provider commercialization without the restrictions to prevent interference with military use of the spectrum. Under the new rules, wireless carriers using CBRS might be able to deploy 5G mobile networks without having to acquire spectrum licenses . Key use cases for CBRS network deployments include Fixed Wireless Access (FWA), mobile network densification, neutral host infrastructure and private networks. The creation of

666-616: The FCC rules. This test harness was turned over to the NTIA Institute for Telecommunications Sciences on May 26, 2018 and testing began on the SAS implementations provided by Amdocs, CommScope, Google, Federated Wireless and Sony. This testing was completed in June 2019, and marked the last major milestone necessary for the FCC to allow initial commercial deployment. In 2016, six companies interested in promoting CBRS technology and driving adoption formed

703-472: The FCC to test wireless technology within the CBRS band at four NASCAR race events held during the summer of 2017, in Bristol, Tennessee , Brooklyn, Michigan , Darlington, South Carolina , and Richmond, Virginia . By August 2017, Verizon Communications had formed a consortium "to carry out the first use of CBRS band 48 spectrum in a 4G LTE Advanced (LTE-A) carrier aggregation demonstration". In November 2017,

740-400: The S band between 2.0 and 2.2 GHz for the creation of Mobile Satellite Service (MSS) networks in connection with Ancillary Terrestrial Components (ATC). There have been a number of companies attempting to deploy such networks, including ICO Satellite Management (now Pendrell Corporation ) and TerreStar (defunct). The 2.6 GHz range is used for China Multimedia Mobile Broadcasting ,

777-473: The US. The LTE frequency band for CBRS in the US is referred to as band 48 in the 3GPP standards. In March 2019, Motorola Solutions launched Mototrbo Nitro, the first fully managed CBRS platform and product offerings. Mototrbo Nitro is a line of business-critical, CBRS communications and data products, which includes the first purpose-built OnGo portable radio. Deployment of Mototrbo Nitro infrastructure allows for services such as Nitro Cloud management, and

SECTION 20

#1732868677326

814-497: The United States to be used for CBRS services and spectrum between 3.45 - 3.55 GHz and 3.7 - 3.98 GHz has been auctioned off by the FCC for 5G although this spectrum is referred to as C Band by the agency. In the United States, the FCC approved satellite-based Digital Audio Radio Service (DARS) broadcasting in the S band from 2.31 to 2.36 GHz in 1995, used by Sirius XM Radio . More recently, it has approved portions of

851-700: The United States, the 3.55 to 3.7 GHz band is becoming shared spectrum under rules adopted by the Federal Communications Commission in April 2015 as a result of the National Broadband Plan (United States) . The biggest user of CBRS ( Citizens Broadband Radio Service ) spectrum is the United States Navy . Cable companies are planning to use the band for wireless broadband in rural areas, with Charter Communications beginning tests of

888-611: The WInnForum supporting SAS to CBSD communication (WINNF-TS-0016), and in addition, the WInnForum CBRS Test and Certification Task Group has developed a test specification (WINNF-TS-0122) and test harness supporting that standard. The FCC has determined that successful completion of the Wireless Innovation Forum defined tests will provide evidence of Part 96 compliance in this area. Final test code for CBSD protocol testing

925-536: The atmosphere and provide high-quality transmissions to small-diameter 80 cm antennas in regions that experience heavy rainfall such as Indonesia. A similar Ku- or C-band reception performance requires greater transmission power or much larger dish to penetrate the moist atmosphere. Many NASA spacecraft (near Earth and interplanetary) can communicate in the S-band, often using the Deep Space Network . For example,

962-422: The cost of data transmissions. However, users will be required to pay their Spectrum Access System (SAS) a "reasonable" fee for access, even when only using GAA channels. This will enable carriers "to deploy 5G faster and easier, using the shared airwaves instead of trying to acquire spectrum licenses at auction or through deals". Since these frequencies have historically been used for government purposes, users of

999-557: The development of the standards alone was not sufficient to fully support a commercial ecosystem, the members of the WInnForum went on to establish a number of certification programs: This last program was developed in coordination with the FCC: in order to be FCC certified to operate in the CBRS band, an equipment manufacturer needs to show that their CBSD can communicate with a Spectrum Access System (SAS) and follow its directives as per 47 CFR Part 96. The CBRS ecosystem has developed standards in

1036-464: The internet without cables. The largest use of this band is by Wi-Fi networks; the IEEE 802.11b and 802.11g standards use the 2.4 GHz section of the S band. These are the most widely used computer networks in the world, used globally in home and small office networks to link desktop and laptop computers, tablet computers , smartphones , smart TVs , printers , and smart speakers together and to

1073-715: The members of the Wireless Innovation Forum (WInnForum) formed the Spectrum Sharing Committee to "facilitate the interpretation and implementation of FCC rulemaking to a level that allows industry and government to collaborate on the implementation of a common, well functioning ecosystem...". Through this committee some 300 engineers from over 60 organizations developed the 10 baseline standards necessary for CBRS deployment. These standards covered requirements, security, protocols, professional installation, priority access licensing, and testing. Recognizing that

1110-641: The range of 3.5 GHz. The exact frequency range allocated for this type of use varies between countries. In North America, 2.4–2.483 GHz is an ISM band used for unlicensed spectrum devices such as cordless phones , wireless headphones , and video senders , among other consumer electronics uses, including Bluetooth which operates between 2.402 GHz and 2.480 GHz. Amateur radio and amateur satellite operators have two S-band allocations, 13 cm (2.4 GHz) and 9 cm (3.4 GHz). Amateur television repeaters also operate in these bands. Airport surveillance radars typically operate in

1147-772: The satellite. S band is also used in optical communications to refer to the wavelength range 1460 nm to 1530 nm . ELF 3 Hz/100 Mm 30 Hz/10 Mm SLF 30 Hz/10 Mm 300 Hz/1 Mm ULF 300 Hz/1 Mm 3 kHz/100 km VLF 3 kHz/100 km 30 kHz/10 km LF 30 kHz/10 km 300 kHz/1 km MF 300 kHz/1 km 3 MHz/100 m HF 3 MHz/100 m 30 MHz/10 m VHF 30 MHz/10 m 300 MHz/1 m UHF 300 MHz/1 m 3 GHz/100 mm SHF 3 GHz/100 mm 30 GHz/10 mm EHF 30 GHz/10 mm 300 GHz/1 mm THF 300 GHz/1 mm 3 THz/0.1 mm CBRS On January 27, 2020,

SMART-S Mk2 - Misplaced Pages Continue

1184-463: The service in January 2018. The band is also used as a transmit intermediate frequency in satellite communications as a replacement for L band where a single/shared coaxial connection is used between the modem/IDU and antenna/ODU for both the transmit and receive signals. This is to prevent interference between the transmit and receive signals which would otherwise not occur on a dual coaxial setup where

1221-524: The transmit and receive signals are separate and both can use the whole L-band frequency range. In a single coaxial connection using S-Band to "frequency shift" the transmit signal away from L band, a multiplier such as 10, is usually applied to form the SHF frequency. For example, the modem would transmit at 2.815 GHz IF (S Band) to the ODU and then the ODU up-converts this signal to 28.15 GHz SHF ( Ka Band ) towards

1258-507: The world within six years after being introduced. The radar transmitter/receiver (T/R) modules for the radar are purchased by Thales from the Turkish defence company Aselsan . The system has two operating modes: medium range up to 150 km (81  nmi ) at 27 RPM and long range up to 250 km (130  nmi ) at 13.5 RPM. The radar mainly designed for light frigates , corvettes and ships such as Landing Platform Docks (LPD) . SMART-S Mk2

1295-453: Was launched in April 2009 and is located at 10° East. In Indonesia , S band is used by MNC Vision for Direct-to-Home satellite television (unlike similar services in most countries, which use K u band ). The frequency typically allocated for this service is 2.5 to 2.7 GHz (LOF 1.570 GHz). IndoStar-1 was the world's first commercial communications satellite to use S-band frequencies for broadcast, which efficiently penetrate

1332-459: Was released by the Wireless Innovation Forum on 24 May 2018, and since that time over 30 CBSDs have been certified and received their FCC ID, proving compliance with WInnForum specifications. The members of the WInnForum also worked to facilitate SAS certification testing, developing an open source SAS test harness to assess compliance with the WInnForum SAS test specification (WINNF-TS-0065) and

1369-406: Was thereafter supplemented by a commission-level public notice and two workshops to discuss technical issues related to the proposed Service. In April 2014, the commission released a Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking that included detailed proposed rules to govern the new service. The Citizens Broadband Radio Service is governed by a three-tiered spectrum authorization framework to accommodate

#325674