Misplaced Pages

#938061

116-474: The Special Broadcasting Service ( SBS ) is an Australian hybrid-funded public service broadcaster . About 80 percent of funding for the company is derived from the Australian taxpayer. SBS operates six TV channels ( SBS , SBS Viceland , SBS World Movies , SBS Food , NITV and SBS WorldWatch ) and seven radio networks (SBS Radios 1, 2 and 3, Arabic24, SBS Chill, SBS South Asian and SBS PopAsia ). SBS Online

232-859: A PBS member station – through pay television providers in Canada via member stations located near the U.S.–Canada border . These educational public broadcasters include the English-language TVOntario (TVO) and the French-language TFO in Ontario , Télé-Québec in Quebec , and Knowledge Network in British Columbia . TVO and Télé-Québec operate through conventional transmitters and cable, while TFO and Knowledge Network are cable-only channels. Beyond these and other provincial services, Canada does not have

348-470: A cable-only educational and cultural public broadcaster owned by the government of Saskatchewan . SCN was sold to Bluepoint Investment Corporation in 2010, and like CTV Two Alberta did when it became privatized, incorporated a limited schedule of entertainment programming during the late afternoon and nighttime hours, while retaining educational and children's programs during the morning until mid-afternoon to fulfill its licensing conditions; Bluepoint later sold

464-536: A community-funded radio network. CJRT-FM in Toronto also operated as a public government-owned radio station for many years; while no longer funded by the provincial government, it still solicits most of its budget from listener and corporate donations and is permitted to air only a very small amount of commercial advertising. City Saskatchewan originated as the Saskatchewan Communications Network,

580-684: A corporation in 1991. Throughout the early 1990s, SBS TV coverage was expanded further to include new regional areas such as the Latrobe Valley , Spencer Gulf , Darwin , northeast Tasmania , Cairns and Townsville . In 1992, SBS's radio and television facilities were gradually relocated to new premises in Artarmon , New South Wales . Radio services were initially located in Bondi Junction and television services in Milsons Point . The new building

696-522: A day run by Cooma Coaches. Snowliner Coaches also operate services. Cooma has a taxi service run by Cooma Radio Taxis. NSW TrainLink operate road coach services from Canberra to Bombala and Eden . Cooma was served by the Cooma Mail until May 1986 and the Canberra Monaro Express until September 1988. The Cooma Monaro Railway is a heritage railway using CPH railmotors built in

812-587: A frequency of 96.9 FM MHz founded by the president of that era, Alfonso Quiñónez Molina . On 4 November 1964 the Government of El Salvador founded Televisión Educativa de El Salvador as an educational television with the channels 8 and 10. And since 1989, Channel 10 became the only public television channel in El Salvador. In Mexico, public stations are operated by municipalities, state governments and universities, there are five national public channels. Canal Once

928-417: A government department under the administrative hierarchy, it enjoys editorial independence . It operates seven radio channels and produces television programmes and broadcast on commercial television channels, as these channels are required by law to provide timeslots for RTHK television programmes. RTHK would be assigned a digital terrestrial television channel during 2013 to 2015. In India, Prasar Bharati

1044-523: A large amount of households has led the receiving fee to become something of a political issue. NHK runs two national terrestrial TV stations ( NHK General and NHK Educational ) and three satellite only services ( NHK BS , NHK BS Premium4K , and NHK BS8K services). NHK also runs 3 national radio services and a number of international radio and television services, akin to the BBC World Service . NHK has also been an innovator in television, developing

1160-571: A national educational public television network ( TV Cultura , launched in 1969 in São Paulo , which is available in all Brazilian states through its 135 affiliates), two radio stations ( Rádio Cultura FM and Rádio Cultura Brasil, both broadcasting to Greater São Paulo ), two educational TV channels aimed at distance education (TV Educação and Univesp TV, which is available on free-to-air digital TV in São Paulo and nationally by cable and satellite), and

1276-410: A national programming network. TVRI operates three national television channels, plus more than 32 regional stations. There are also independent local public broadcasters which founded by local government in several cities or regencies. They are obligated to network with either RRI or TVRI, depending on the medium, though they are not owned and operated by the two. In Japan, the main public broadcaster

SECTION 10

#1733085481939

1392-504: A national public educational network. Canada is also home to a number of former public broadcasting entities that have gone private. CTV Two Alberta , which is licensed as an educational television station in Alberta, was once owned by the Alberta government as the public broadcaster Access. In 1993, the provincial government agreed to cease to direct funding of Access after the 1994 fiscal year;

1508-646: A new television channel in 1980. In-show advertising commenced in 2006. Commercial breaks are set at five minutes per hour. SBS's most successful imported television series is South Park . As a result of extensive post-World War II immigration to Australia and the end of the controversial and racist White Australia Policy , the federal government began to consider the need for "ethnic broadcasting" – programming targeted at ethnic minorities and mostly delivered in languages other than English. Until 1970, radio stations were prevented by law from broadcasting in foreign languages for more than 2.5 hours per week. In June 1975 at

1624-665: A radio network in November 1936. It is the successor to the Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission (CRBC), which was established by the administration of Prime Minister R.B. Bennett in 1932, modeled on recommendations made in 1929 by the Royal Commission on Radio Broadcasting and stemming from lobbying efforts by the Canadian Radio League . The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation took over operation of

1740-493: A secondary affiliate of the English language CBC Television service. CBC operates two national television networks ( CBC Television and Ici Radio-Canada Télé ), four radio networks ( CBC Radio One , CBC Radio 2 , Ici Radio-Canada Première , and Ici Musique ) and several cable television channels including two 24-hour news channels ( CBC News Network and Ici RDI ) in both of Canada's official languages – English and French – and

1856-711: A strong history of public broadcasting in South America. Inaugurated in 1963, Televisión Nacional Uruguay (TNU) is now linked to the Ministry of Education and Culture of the country. In addition, the Radiodifusión Nacional de Uruguay is a network of radios with 20 different stations in AM and FM that cover the entire country. Since 1998, the Venezuelan state had only one television channel Venezolana de Televisión , and after 2002

1972-528: A video on demand application called "SBS On Demand VR", later renamed "SBS VR". SBS has been providing multilingual services since 1975. Alongside news and radio, the SBS in-language units in both Sydney and Melbourne, provide a range of language services for medium to large organisations, private and government businesses. These include accredited translations, typesetting, voiceovers/re-narration, subtitling and video services in over 68 languages. SBS independent (SBSi)

2088-579: A year at this stage and not all antennas had worked well with the low-frequency Channel 0. In August 1986, the government proposed legislation that would amalgamate SBS into the ABC . This was highly unpopular with ethnic-minority communities, and after protests from both SBS staff and communities, resulted in the Prime Minister of Australia , Bob Hawke announcing in 1987 that the proposed amalgamation would not proceed. The SBS Radio and Television Youth Orchestra

2204-427: Is 30 percent more than other broadcasters", claimed Brown upon announcing the new move. SBS's commercial breaks remained at their existing statutory limit of five minutes per hour, as opposed to the fifteen minutes per hour permitted on Australia's fully commercial stations. An individual break lasted between one and two minutes. A related change was the launch of a one-hour 6:30 pm edition of World News , replacing

2320-598: Is 5 kilometres (3 mi) south of the banks of the Murrumbidgee River , a main tributary of the Murray–Darling basin . Cooma sources its water from the river. The area now known as Cooma lies on the traditional lands of the Ngarigo people. Cooma was explored by Captain J. M. Currie in 1823. It was first surveyed in 1840, and was gazetted in 1849. Cooma was proclaimed a municipality in 1879. The railway from Sydney

2436-675: Is India's public broadcaster. It is an autonomous corporation of the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India) , Government of India and comprises the Doordarshan television network ( DD National , DD India , DD News , DD Retro ) and All India Radio . Prasar Bharati was established on 23 November 1997, following a demand that the government owned broadcasters in India should be given autonomy like those in many other countries. The Parliament of India passed an Act to grant this autonomy in 1990, but it

SECTION 20

#1733085481939

2552-736: Is a town in the south of New South Wales , Australia. It is located 114 kilometres (71 mi) south of the national capital, Canberra , via the Monaro Highway . It is also on the Snowy Mountains Highway , connecting Bega with the Riverina . At the 2021 census , Cooma had a population of 6,715. Cooma is the main town of the Monaro region. It is 800 metres (2,620 ft) above sea level. The name could have derived from an Aboriginal word Coombah , meaning 'big lake' or 'open country'. Cooma

2668-465: Is argued to exist when the benefits to viewers are relatively high in comparison to the benefits to advertisers from contacting viewers. This frequently is the case in undeveloped countries that normally have low benefits to advertising. An alternative funding model proposed by Michael Slaby is to give every citizen credits they can use to pay qualified media sources for civic information and reporting. Additionally, public broadcasting may facilitate

2784-578: Is becoming increasingly common for them to adopt the format and branding of a local news channel. Canada also has a large number of campus radio and community radio stations. Colombia had between 1955 and 1998 a public television system very similar to that adopted by the NPO in the Netherlands, where private television producers called " programadoras " were given hours on the country's two public television channels ( Cadena Uno and Canal A ). In 1998, when

2900-733: Is called St Patrick's Parish School and provides education from Kindergarten to Year 10. The Snowy Mountains Christian School, an independent Christian school provides education from Kindergarten to Year 10. Tertiary education is provided by TAFE NSW Illawarra Institute Cooma campus. Another Tertiary Education centre is the Cooma Universities Centre, which opened in 2014. Cooma has a dry oceanic climate ( Cfb ). Summer averages are warm, though tend to swing wildly between hot and cool; and winters are chilly with particularly cold night time temperatures due to its valley location, high elevation, and frequent clear skies, sometimes recording

3016-477: Is home to SBS On Demand video streaming service. The stated purpose of SBS is "to provide multilingual and multicultural radio and television services that inform, educate and entertain all Australians and, in doing so, reflect Australia's multicultural society". SBS is one of five main free-to-air networks in Australia. SBS formally came into existence in 1978 as a radio network. Full-time transmission began on

3132-578: Is incompatible with commercial objectives. The other is that public broadcasting can and should compete in the marketplace with commercial broadcasters. This dichotomy is highlighted by the public service aspects of traditional commercial broadcasters. Public broadcasters in each jurisdiction may or may not be synonymous with government controlled broadcasters. Public broadcasters may receive their funding from an obligatory television licence fee, individual contributions, government funding or commercial sources. Public broadcasters do not rely on advertising to

3248-805: Is located at a higher elevation than the town, causing maximum temperatures to be notably cooler but minima somewhat milder. The Cooma–Monaro Time Walk in Centennial Park was a community project to mark the Bicentennial Year of 1988, from designs by Cooma College of TAFE and the Cooma–Monaro Historical Society. One newspaper operates in Cooma, The Monaro Post , which began in 2006 and is independently owned by Gail Eastaway, Tracy Frazer and Louise Platts. Note: transmitters for XLFM and Snow FM, as well as some ABC services, are in place throughout

3364-764: Is owned and operated by the National Politechnical Institute . It started transmissions on 2 March 1959 as the first public broadcasting television in Mexico. The government of Mexico implemented Telesecundaria in 1968 to provide secondary education to students in rural areas through broadcast television channels, such as XHGC-TV in Mexico City. With the launching of the Morelos II satellite, Telesecundaria began transmitting on one of its analog channels in 1988; in 1994, it began broadcasting in digital format with

3480-868: Is part of the university and cultural diffusion. Canal Catorce was founded in 2012 and is operated by the Sistema Público de Radiodifusión del Estado Mexicano (SPR), an agency from the Federal Government. In the United States , public broadcasters may receive some funding from both federal and state sources, but generally most of their financial support comes from underwriting by foundations and businesses (ranging from small shops to corporations), along with audience contributions via pledge drives . The great majority operate as private not-for-profit corporations . Early public stations were operated by state colleges and universities and were often run as part of

3596-661: Is the NHK (Japan Broadcasting Corporation). The broadcaster was set up in 1926 and was modelled on the British Broadcasting Company , the precursor to the British Broadcasting Corporation created in 1927. Much like the BBC, NHK is funded by a "receiving fee" from every Japanese household, with no commercial advertising and the maintenance of a position of strict political impartiality. However, rampant non-payment by

Special Broadcasting Service - Misplaced Pages Continue

3712-574: Is the public service channel of Ecuador, established in October 2007. The channel was established at the same time as the installation of the Ecuadorian Constituent Assembly so that the sessions could be transmitted live to all the country. Salvadoran broadcasting has a public service radio and television channel. On 1 March 1926 began the operation as the first Central American broadcasting network called "Radio Nacional de El Salvador" with

3828-554: The Bolivarian Revolution . The Bengali primary state television broadcaster is Bangladesh Television which also broadcasts worldwide through its satellite based branch, BTV World . There are also terrestrial state run TV channels: Sangsad TV owned and operated by Bengali parliament that covers the proceedings of the Parliament. The Bangladesh Betar (BB) is the country's sole state radio broadcaster. Radio transmission in

3944-791: The FM band was authorized to begin normal broadcasting. Houston 's KUHT was the nation's first public television station founded by Dr. John W. Meaney, and signed on the air on May 25, 1953, from the campus of the University of Houston . In rural areas, it was not uncommon for colleges to operate commercial stations instead (e.g., the University of Missouri 's KOMU , an NBC -affiliated television station in Columbia ). The FCC had reserved almost 250 broadcast frequencies for use as educational television stations in 1953, though by 1960, only 44 stations allocated for educational use had begun operations. The passage of

4060-612: The Pontifical Catholic University of Valparaíso on channels 8 and 4. Channel 8, in Valparaíso , is the first and oldest station on Chile, transmitting since 5 October 1957. As soon as 1961 universities began transmitting advertisements between their programmes, the first of them being the Channel ;9, showing a Motorola TV set. This kind of disguised advertising took the name of "Payola". This situation, added to

4176-547: The Public Broadcasting Act of 1967 precipitated the development of the current public broadcasting system in the U.S. The legislation established the Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB), a private entity that is charged with facilitating programming diversity among public broadcasters, the development and expansion of non-commercial broadcasting, and providing funding to local stations to help them create programs;

4292-675: The UEFA Euro 2008 in Austria and Switzerland. Following "extensive community consultation" in 2003, SBS introduced a range of new programs, including services in Malay , Somali and Amharic – in addition to the expansion of many existing programs. In April 2013, SBS rolled out a major overhaul of its radio schedule . The last major review of the SBS Radio schedule had taken place in 1994, and since then Australia's demographics had changed significantly. With

4408-505: The presidential election in 2018 that the public broadcaster is allegedly a "job hanger" (public company existing only for the purpose of securing positions for political allies) and has proposed to privatize or extinguish the public company. On April 9, 2021, the president inserted the public company into the National Privatization Program, with the intention of carrying out studies about the possibility of privatization of

4524-501: The "SBSRadio" identifier and, if their radio permits, by RDS scrolling text on their FM-capable RDS radio. NOW and NEXT data was progressively added to all radio services in 2012 and 2013. This now/next data is displayed on FM RDS Radio (Melbourne/Sydney) and DAB+ receptions areas for radios that can display metadata. NOW and NEXT Radio schedule is also displayed on free-to-air Terrestrial Digital Television (DTV) program guides and on TiVo and TBox where applicable. SBS rolled out

4640-539: The 14-day rolling radio schedule over DTV television in November 2012. A radio event (or program) can be viewed and booked/recorded to PVR or the listener reminded. The schedule adapts to daylight saving changes as required. Following the Language Services Review in 2021, SBS re-introduced a range of new and existing programs in revised languages in November 2022. SBS on Demand is a video on demand and catch-up TV service run by SBS. In April 2016, SBS launched

4756-632: The ABC Television services, but not SBS Television Services. Cooma has several sports teams, the most popular sports played in town being Rugby League , Rugby Union , Cricket , Soccer and Australian rules football . The Cooma Colts is the town’s junior rugby league team, the Stallions (founded 1973) is the senior rugby league team and the Rugby League Tag team known as the Fillies also plays during

Special Broadcasting Service - Misplaced Pages Continue

4872-555: The Advancement of New Language Applications Ltd.'), a private not-for-profit consortium of educational institutions in the province of Quebec. Some local community stations also operate non-commercially with funding from corporate and individual donors. In addition, cable companies are required to produce a local community channel in each licensed market. Such channels have traditionally aired community talk shows, city council meetings and other locally oriented programming, although it

4988-582: The CPB receives funding earmarked by the federal government as well as through public and private donations. Public television and radio in the U.S. have, from the late 1960s onward, dealt with severe criticism from conservative politicians and think-tanks (such as The Heritage Foundation ), which allege that its programming has a leftist bias and there have been successful attempts to reduce – though not eliminate – funding for public television stations by some state legislatures. The first public radio network in

5104-636: The CRBC's nine radio stations (which were largely concentrated in major cities across Canada, including Toronto , Vancouver , Montreal , and Ottawa ). The CBC eventually expanded to television in September 1952 with the sign-on of CBFT in Montreal; CBFT was the first television station in Canada to initiate full-time broadcasts, which initially served as a primary affiliate of the French language Télévision de Radio-Canada and

5220-465: The Colombian government allowed the opening of television to the private market by granting two broadcast licenses to the programadoras Caracol Televisión and RCN Televisión , these television producers went into crisis, causing many to end their activities or produce content for the private television channels. Currently, Colombia has three public channels (one is operated by a private company formed by

5336-549: The French-language channels Ici Explora and Ici ARTV , dedicated to science and culture respectively. CBC's national television operations and some radio operations are funded partly by advertisements, in addition to the subsidy provided by the federal government. The cable channels are commercial entities owned and operated by the CBC and do not receive any direct public funds, however, they do benefit from synergies with resources from

5452-643: The Public Radio Satellite System. Cultural Native American and Mexican American music and programming are also featured regionally. NPR is colloquially though inaccurately conflated with public radio as a whole, when in fact "public radio" includes many organizations. In the United States, the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) serves as the nation's main public television provider. When it launched in October 1970, PBS assumed many of

5568-417: The SBS managing director, Shaun Brown , announced the corporation's desire to initiate in-show commercial breaks, in the same manner as the commercial television networks. He said that the move would raise $ 10 million in the first year, as he believes that SBS's current strategy of showing ads between programs "is unpopular with viewers". "On average we lose more than half our audience during these breaks – this

5684-467: The Secretariat of Communication of the state government. Brazil also has many campus radio and community radio stations and several educational local TV channels (many of them belonging to public and private universities). In Canada, the main public broadcaster is the national Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC; French : Société Radio-Canada ), a crown corporation – which originated as

5800-606: The Snowy Mountains. Cooma receives five free-to-air television networks including all the digital free-to-air channels relayed from Canberra, broadcast from the Telstra site Radio Hill translator in Cooma Common, off Polo Flat Road. The stations are: Another transmitter for the Cooma and surrounding Monaro region is located at Mount Roberts approximately 30 km NNE of the town, broadcasting The Three Commercial TV Networks and

5916-654: The Toolong range of the Australian Alps. The wreck was not found until 26 October 1958. Cooma has a number of heritage-listed sites, including: According to the 2021 census , there were 6,715 people in Cooma. Government schools include Monaro High School, a high school that serves the town and seven of the neighbouring rural towns and villages including Peak View, Berridale , Jindabyne , Nimmitabel , Bredbo and Dalgety . The other two government schools support primary education and are Cooma Public School and Cooma North Public School, both providing education for students in Kindergarten to Year 6. The Roman Catholic school

SECTION 50

#1733085481939

6032-564: The Transmission Services division (intended to manage transmission and self-help services). A New Media division, responsible for the SBS website, was established at the start of 2000 in time for the first webcast of the Australian Film Institute Awards . Ratings continued to increase through 2000 to 2001 – increasing to an overall 5.2% average weekly audience share. In April 2003, SBS Radio dropped four languages from its schedule, Irish, Scots Gaelic, Welsh, and Belarusian, and added four others, Amharic, Nepalese, Malay, and Somali, while increasing

6148-399: The United States was founded in 1949 in Berkeley, California, as station KPFA , which became and remains the flagship station for a national network called Pacifica Radio . From the beginning, the network has refused corporate funding of any kind, and has relied mainly on listener support. KPFA gave away free FM radios to build a listener base and to encourage listeners to "subscribe" (support

6264-438: The World Back Home". The network changed its name to simply SBS in February 1985 and soon began daytime transmissions. SBS also expanded to the cities of Brisbane , Adelaide , Newcastle , Wollongong and the Gold Coast in June of that year. On 5 January 1986, SBS ceased broadcasting on the VHF channel 0 frequency. Although many Australians at the time did not have UHF antennas, SBS's VHF licence had already been extended by

6380-429: The adjacent coastal areas of Wollongong and Sydney (106 and 107 clear days respectively). Strong cold fronts often push through the region in winter and snow is not uncommon in Cooma from June to September, though is generally light and rarely settles for more than 24 hours. Frost occurs in all months of the year and is frequent between April and October. Severe thunderstorms are semi-frequent in summer, and owing to

6496-492: The advent of the Solidaridad I satellite, and Edusat was established and began transmitting in Mexico, Central America and certain regions of the United States. In 1982, Canal 22 was founded and began operations eleven years later by the Ministry of Culture as part of the "RED México". In 2005 the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM in Spanish) began transmissions as the sister channel of XEUN-AM and XEUN-FM (both radio stations founded in 1959), TV UNAM which

6612-465: The behest of Minister for Immigration Al Grassby , two "experimental" radio stations began broadcasting: 2EA in Sydney and 3EA in Melbourne (EA stood for "Ethnic Australia"), partly to publicise the Whitlam government's social policy changes to ethnic communities. In March 1976, the Fraser government established the Consultative Committee on Ethnic Broadcasting, followed by the National Ethnic Broadcasting Advisory Council in January 1977. Initially, it

6728-417: The broadcast hours for Cantonese , Mandarin , and Arabic . SBS broadcast the 2004 Athens Olympics in partnership with the Seven Network . and also broadcast Euro 2008 in Austria and Switzerland. Tagalog , Vietnamese and Arabic language broadcasts were added to SBS's WorldWatch television schedule in 2003. However, the Vietnamese community protested the Vietnamese-language service, whose content

6844-450: The broadcaster. While many members have significant editorial independence, the Alliance includes organizations that have significant state control, especially with regard to island nations. In Brazil, the two main national public broadcasters are Empresa Brasil de Comunicação (EBC) and the Fundação Padre Anchieta (FPA). EBC was created in 2007 to manage the Brazilian federal government's radio and television stations. EBC owns broadcast

6960-423: The case of accessibility, some of the principles may be poorly defined or difficult to implement. In the context of a shifting national identity, the role of public broadcasting may be unclear. Likewise, the subjective nature of good programming may raise the question of individual or public taste. Within public broadcasting there are two different views regarding commercial activity. One is that public broadcasting

7076-404: The channel became SBS Food. In June 2016, SBS announced that SBS 2 was set to be rebranded as SBS Viceland with content from US-Canadian youth Vice Media from November 2016. On 1 July 2019, SBS relaunched their former pay-TV movie channel, World Movies as SBS World Movies and it became a free-to-air channel. On 12 January 2022, SBS announced that a sixth free-to-air television channel, with

SECTION 60

#1733085481939

7192-490: The channel to Rogers Media in 2012, expanding a relationship it began with SCN in January of that year, when Rogers began supplying entertainment programming to the channel through an affiliation agreement with its English-language broadcast network, Citytv . One television station, CFTU in Montreal , operates as an educational station owned by CANAL ( French : Corporation pour l'Avancement de Nouvelles Applications des Langages Ltée , lit.   'Corporation for

7308-515: The channel was sold to CHUM Limited in 1995, which initially acquired the channel through a majority-owned subsidiary, Learning and Skills Television of Alberta Limited (LSTA). To fulfill its license conditions as an educational station, it broadcasts educational and children's programming during the daytime hours, while airing entertainment programming favoured by advertisers and viewers in prime time. The service discontinued its broadcast transmitters in Calgary and Edmonton in August 2011, due to

7424-455: The children's TV channel TV Rá-Tim-Bum , available nationally on pay TV. Many Brazilian states also have regional and statewide public radio and television stations. One example is Minas Gerais , which has the EMC ( Empresa Mineira de Comunicação ), a public corporation created in 2016 modelled on EBC, formed by Rede Minas , a statewide television network and the two stations of Rádio Inconfidência , which operates in AM, FM and shortwave ; in

7540-510: The content. In May 2008, SBS unveiled a new-look logo as well as a new backronymic slogan: "Six Billion Stories and counting". On 8 May 2012, SBS received $ 158 million in government funding, of which $ 15 million would be used yearly, to fund the formation of a new free-to-air channel devoted to the indigenous peoples of Australia . which would replace the existing National Indigenous Television on 12 December 2012, with 90% of its staff transferring to this new channel. On 12 December 2012, NITV

7656-490: The corporation decommissioning its network of rebroadcasters following Canada's transition to digital television in August 2011 have significantly reduced the terrestrial coverage of both CBC Television and Ici Radio-Canada Télé; the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) does require cable, satellite and IPTV providers to carry CBC and Radio-Canada stations as part of their basic tier, regardless of terrestrial availability in an individual market. Of

7772-451: The country and the station. In some countries a single organization runs public broadcasting. Other countries have multiple public-broadcasting organizations operating regionally or in different languages. Historically, public broadcasting was once the dominant or only form of broadcasting in many countries (with the notable exceptions of the United States, Mexico, and Brazil). Commercial broadcasting now also exists in most of these countries;

7888-440: The early 1990s. In 2014, SBS revived its film distribution division as SBS Movies, which then teamed up with SBS' home video distributor Madman Entertainment . Both SBS and Madman released the 2016 American film Hell or High Water in Oceania. Public broadcasting Common media include AM , FM , and shortwave radio ; television; and the Internet . Public broadcasting may be nationally or locally operated, depending on

8004-452: The elevation of the town can carry large quantities of hail . Mean daily minimum temperatures range from −2.7 °C (27.1 °F) (July) to 10.8 °C (51.4 °F) (January), with an annual mean daily minimum of 4.1 °C (39.4 °F). Mean daily maximum temperatures range from 11.4 °C (52.5 °F) (July) to 27.3 °C (81.1 °F) (January), with an annual mean daily maximum of 19.4 °C (66.9 °F). The airport

8120-467: The expense of transitioning the two stations to digital , and the fact that the service had mandatory carriage on television providers serving Alberta regardless of whether it ran over-the-air transmitters. The service has since operated as part of Bell Media 's CTV Two chain of stations. Public radio station CKUA in Alberta was also formerly operated by Access, before being sold to the non-profit CKUA Radio Foundation which continues to operate it as

8236-533: The fact that TV was only reaching Santiago and Valparaíso , led to the creation of a state network that should serve the entire country. This network, created in 1964 and in operation since 24 October 1969, is known as " Televisión Nacional de Chile ". After the military government of Augusto Pinochet , television was mostly deregulated. Thus, two new commercial channels were born: Megavisión (Channel 9, on 23 October 1990) and La Red (Channel 4, on 12 May 1991). The University of Chile's Channel 11 also

8352-483: The first subscription channel to launch was World Movies ; the channel focuses on independent international films. It was closed on 31 January 2018 but relaunched on free-to-air television on 1 July 2019. In April 2010, SBS launched Studio (previously marketed at as STVDIO); that channel focused on arts programming such as classical and popular music, literature, film, visual arts and dance with documentaries and performances. However, Studio closed down on 27 March 2015 and

8468-645: The functions of its predecessor, National Educational Television (NET). NET was shut down by the Ford Foundation and the Corporation for Public Broadcasting after the network refused to stop airing documentaries on varying social issues that had alienated many of the network's affiliates. PBS would later acquire Educational Television Stations , an organization founded by the National Association of Educational Broadcasters (NAEB), in 1973. Uruguay has

8584-487: The government decided to launch the channel ViVe (2003), teleSUR (2005), TVES (2007) (a signal that until that year was occupied by RCTV ) and Asamblea Nacional Televisión in addition to supporting and financing a network of community channels as well as Ávila Television belonging to the Metropolitan Mayor's Office of Caracas. United States politicians have commented that TeleSUR is a propaganda tool in favor of

8700-555: The government set up the Ethnic Television Review Panel, which recommended that SBS should expand multilingual services into television. SBS TV began test transmissions in April 1979 when it showed various foreign language programs on ABV-2 Melbourne and ABN-2 Sydney on Sunday mornings. Full-time transmission began on a new television channel at 6:30 pm on 24 October 1980 ( United Nations Day ). The first program shown

8816-436: The half-hour World News Australia and World Sport programs. In-show advertising commenced on 9 October 2006 during the 7.30 pm broadcast of MythBusters . Former SBS television services are SBS Essential (LCN 31, sporting events, and other digital-only projects, when available) and SBS World News Channel (LCN 32, foreign news service). In 1995, SBS launched a new division called SBS Subscription TV. In October 1995,

8932-563: The implementation of a cultural policy (an industrial policy and investment policy for culture). Examples include: As an industry organization for public media, the Public Media Alliance supports its members and the industry of public media more broadly. For example, the Alliance advocated against a proposal on the Isle of Man that they felt would jeopardize the editorial independence of

9048-408: The lowest temperatures in the country. However, daytime maximum temperatures in winter are often unremarkable, on account of the foehn effect . The area is exceptionally dry by southeast coastal Australian standards as it lies in a major rain shadow ; the region is flanked by mountain ranges on all sides, most notably on the west. Despite its dryness, it has only 90.1 clear days annually, lower than

9164-772: The network has moved its programming to stations opened by the corporation or has purchased certain affiliates from private broadcasting groups; budgetary issues led the CBC to choose not to launch new rebroadcast transmitters in markets where the network disaffiliated from a private station after 2006; the network dropped its remaining private affiliates in 2016, when CJDC-TV — Dawson Creek and CFTK-TV — Terrace, British Columbia defected from CBC Television that February and Lloydminster -based CKSA-DT disaffiliated in August of that year (to become affiliates of CTV Two and Global , respectively). The CBC's decision to disaffiliate from these and other privately owned stations, as well as

9280-468: The new schedule SBS intends to better reflect Australia's ethnic composition. With the addition of six new languages: Malayalam , Dinka , Hmong , Pashto , Swahili and Tigrinya , SBS has brought the total number of languages from 68 to 74. SBS rolled out a trial of RDS (Radio Data System) in the Melbourne and Sydney broadcast areas in November 2012. Radio listeners can identify the SBS Radio service by

9396-399: The new station. SBS programming content was initially imported from the suppliers in the countries-of-origin of Australia's major migrant communities and then subtitled into English. In October–November 1983, the service expanded to service the centres of Canberra , Cooma and Goulburn , subsequently changing its name to Network 0–28. Its new slogan was the eventual long-running "Bringing

9512-413: The number of countries with only public broadcasting declined substantially during the latter part of the 20th century . The primary mission of public broadcasting is that of public service, speaking to and engaging as a citizen. The British model is often referenced in definitions. The model embodies the following principles: While the application of certain principles may be straightforward, as in

9628-461: The online radio service CBC Radio 3 , music streaming service CBC Music , and the launch of online news services, such as CBC Hamilton , in some markets which are not directly served by their own CBC television or radio stations. In addition, several provinces operate public broadcasters; these are not CBC subentities, but distinct networks in their own right. Most of the provincial services maintain an educational programming format, differing from

9744-412: The other CBC operations. The CBC has frequently dealt with budget cuts and labour disputes, often resulting in a debate about whether the service has the resources necessary to properly fulfill its mandate. As of 2017 , all of CBC Television's terrestrial stations are owned and operated by the CBC directly. The number of privately owned CBC Television affiliates has gradually declined in recent years, as

9860-459: The population expanded due to an influx of 65,000 workers from more than 30 countries. Those working on the Snowy Scheme depended on the railway and during construction of the scheme, the railways were one of the largest employers in the region. In 1959, the tenth anniversary of the scheme was celebrated with the erection of an avenue of flags representing the 27 nationalities of people working on

9976-471: The population of the Amazon region, and Agência Brasil , a news agency. Starting in 2021, EBC expanded the coverage of its radio stations through the new FM extended band to the metropolitan areas of São Paulo, Belo Horizonte and Recife, important Brazilian regions which did not have EBC radio stations. FPA is a non-profit foundation created by the government of the state of São Paulo in 1967 and includes

10092-410: The primarily entertainment-based CBC/Radio-Canada operations, but more closely formatted to (and carrying many of the same programs as) the U.S.-based Public Broadcasting Service (PBS), which itself is available terrestrially and – under a CRTC rule that requires Canadian cable, satellite and IPTV providers to carry affiliates of the four major U.S. commercial networks ( ABC , NBC , CBS and Fox ) and

10208-523: The public broadcaster. Some states often had problems with their public broadcasting services. In São Paulo, FPA had sometimes dealt with budget cuts, labor disputes and strikes. In Rio Grande do Sul, TVE-RS and FM Cultura were managed by the Piratini Foundation, a non-profit state foundation. However, due to the public debt crisis in the state, in 2018, the Piratini Foundation had its activities closed, and TVE-RS and FM Cultura started to be managed by

10324-516: The radio services were expanded to cover Hobart and Canberra , while SBS TV 's coverage was further expanded to include the New South Wales North Coast and the town of Albury . Comedy Central 's South Park , SBS's most successful imported television series, was first aired in 1997. A time-delay system was installed for South Australia in May 1999, shortly before the establishment of

10440-586: The region now forming Bangladesh started in Dhaka on December 16, 1939. The Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (Bangladesh) is responsible for the administration of all government TV channels and Radio. Radio Television Brunei (RTB) is the only public broadcaster in Brunei Darussalam. In Hong Kong, the Radio Television Hong Kong ( RTHK ) is the sole public service broadcaster. Although being

10556-611: The rugby league season. The Cooma Tigers (founded 1952) soccer team plays in local competitions. The Southern Cats (formerly Cooma Cats founded in 1975) Australian rules football club is based at the Snowy Oval and participates in the AFL Canberra Community Division 3. Cooma is served by Cooma–Snowy Mountains Airport , which is 15 kilometres from the CBD. Cooma has a bus service connecting various areas of town three times

10672-550: The same degree as commercial broadcasters, or at all; this allows public broadcasters to transmit programmes that are not commercially viable to the mass market , such as public affairs shows, radio and television documentaries , and educational programmes . One of the principles of public broadcasting is to provide coverage of interests for which there are missing or small markets. Public broadcasting attempts to supply topics of social benefit that are otherwise not provided by commercial broadcasters. Typically, such underprovision

10788-497: The scheme. Cooma has developed a growing tourism industry as it became the main rest stop for many travellers heading to the NSW snow fields during the winter months. As a result, the town nicknamed itself the 'Gateway to the Snowy Mountains'. The Aviation Pioneers' Memorial at Cooma contains artifacts recovered from the Avro 618 Ten aircraft Southern Cloud , which crashed on 21 March 1931 in

10904-464: The schools' cooperative extension services . Stations in this era were internally funded, and did not rely on listener contributions to operate, some accepted advertising. Networks such as Iowa Public Radio , South Dakota Public Radio , and Wisconsin Public Radio began under this structure. The concept of a " non-commercial, educational " station per se did not show up in U.S. law until 1941, when

11020-489: The shares of four former programadoras ) and eight public radio stations (three stations are regional broadcasters). Chilean television was founded through universities, in an attempt to bring public television without the state having to pay directly and control content. The University of Chile (owner of the former channels 9 and 11 until 1993), the Catholic University of Chile on channels 2 and 13 until 2010, and

11136-717: The state of Pará , the state-funded foundation FUNTELPA ( Fundação Paraense de Radiodifusão ) operates the public educational state-wide television network Rede Cultura do Pará (which covers the entire state of Pará, reaching many cities of Brazilian Amazon ) and Rádio Cultura, a public radio station which broadcasts in FM for Belém . The state of Espírito Santo has the RTV-ES ( Rádio e Televisão Espírito Santo ), with its television channel TVE-ES ( TV Educativa do Espírito Santo ) and an AM radio station ( Rádio Espírito Santo ), and in Rio Grande do Sul ,

11252-651: The state-wide public television channel TVE-RS ( TV Educativa do Rio Grande do Sul ) and the public radio station FM Cultura (which broadcasts for Porto Alegre metropolitan area) are the two public broadcasters in the state. Regional public television channels in Brazil often broadcast part of TV Brasil or TV Cultura programming among with some hours of local programming. Since the government of Michel Temer , EBC has received several criticism from some politicians for having an alleged political bias. The president of Brazil from 2019 to 2022, Jair Bolsonaro , said in his campaign for

11368-487: The station directly with donations). It is the world's oldest listener-supported radio network. Since the creation of the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, Pacifica has sometimes received CPB support. Pacifica runs other stations in Los Angeles , New York City , Washington, D.C. , and Houston , as well as repeater stations and a large network of affiliates. A national public radio network, National Public Radio (NPR),

11484-575: The television channel TV Brasil (launched in 2007, being the merger of TVE Brasil, launched in Rio de Janeiro in 1975, and TV Nacional, launched in Brasilia in 1960), the radio stations Rádio Nacional and Rádio MEC , broadcast to Brasilia , Rio de Janeiro , São Paulo , Belo Horizonte , Recife , and Tabatinga , Rádio Nacional da Amazônia , a shortwave radio station based in Brasília with programming aimed to

11600-428: The three major French-language television networks in Canada, Ici Radio-Canada Télé is the only one that maintains terrestrial owned-and-operated stations and affiliates in all ten Canadian provinces , although it maintains only one station ( Moncton, New Brunswick -based CBAFT-DT ) that serves the four provinces comprising Atlantic Canada . In recent years, the CBC has also expanded into new media ventures including

11716-580: The working title SBS WorldWatch , would be launched in 2022. The channel would be free to air and would broadcast all foreign-language bulletins currently broadcast on SBS and SBS Viceland, and new locally-produced news bulletins in Arabic and Mandarin Chinese in prime time. The Arabic and Mandarin bulletins launched on 15 February 2022 through SBS On Demand , while the official trailer for the SBS WorldWatch channel

11832-725: The world's first high-definition television technology in 1964 and launching high definition services in Japan in 1981. The public broadcaster in Malaysia is the state-owned Radio Televisyen Malaysia (RTM) and TV Alhijrah . RTM was previously funded publicly through money obtained from television licensing , however it is currently state-subsidised, as television licences have been abolished. As of 2021 RTM operates 6 national, 16 state and 11 district radio stations as well as 6 national terrestrial television channels: TV1 , TV2 , TV Okey , Sukan RTM , Berita RTM , and TV6. Cooma Cooma

11948-475: Was extended from Royalla to Cooma in 1889 under the supervision of John Whitton . The line was closed to rail passenger traffic in 1989. The estimated population of Cooma was 47 in 1851 and it grew to 2330 (1911), 1969 (1933), 2249 (1947), 9103 (1966), 7353 (1976) and 7978 (1981). In 1949, the town became the headquarters of the Snowy Mountains Scheme and grew rapidly. Between 1949 and 1974

12064-509: Was Grisha Sklovsky, and the inaugural executive director was Ronald Fowell. The service was initially a radio network, and had oversight only of the two existing stations 2EA and 3EA. It was always intended that it would be enlarged, but this process was controversial – the Federation of Australian Commercial Television Stations wanted the television functions to be controlled by the ABC. In March 1979,

12180-412: Was a documentary entitled Who Are We? , which was hosted by veteran news presenter Peter Luck. At the time, SBS was broadcasting on UHF Channel 28 and VHF Channel 0 (pronounced as "oh" and not "zero"), with a planned discontinuation of the latter at some time in the future. Bruce Gyngell , who introduced television to Australia in 1956 , was given the task of introducing the first batch of programs on

12296-584: Was considered feasible for ethnic broadcasting to be delivered by the Australian Broadcasting Commission (ABC); however, this plan was abandoned in mid-1977. In October 1977, the government announced the creation of SBS as a new independent statutory authority for ethnic broadcasting. This was achieved as a result of an amendment to the Broadcasting Act 1942 . SBS formally came into existence on 1 January 1978. The inaugural Chair of SBS

12412-644: Was created in February 1970, following the passage of the Public Broadcasting Act of 1967. This network replaced the Ford Foundation–backed National Educational Radio Network . Some independent local public radio stations buy their programming from distributors such as NPR; Public Radio International (PRI); American Public Media (APM); Public Radio Exchange (PRX); and Pacifica Radio , most often distributed through

12528-400: Was not enacted until 15 September 1997. Though a public broadcaster, it airs commercial advertisements. In Indonesia, there are three types of public broadcaster. The first two are national-scale broadcasters: Radio Republik Indonesia (RRI) and Televisi Republik Indonesia (TVRI). RRI currently operates four radio networks carried by some or all of more than 90 local stations, one of them is

12644-592: Was officially opened on 10 November 1993 by the prime minister, Paul Keating , and a national radio network was launched in January 1994. The new service initially covered Brisbane, Adelaide , Perth , and Darwin, while original stations 2EA and 3EA were renamed Radio Sydney and Radio Melbourne respectively. However, the new national service was launched on a separate frequency in Sydney and Melbourne in July of that year. Throughout 1996,

12760-465: Was re-launched as an SBS-operated free-to-air channel, replacing SBS4. SBS is a supporter of same-sex marriage and pulled an anti-same-sex marriage advertisement ahead of its telecast of the Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras . Then managing director, Michael Ebeid , defended SBS's position on the issue. On 17 November 2015, the new food channel, SBS Food Network , was launched. On 17 November 2018,

12876-479: Was released six days later, which announced the launch date of 23 May. Regardless of state or territory, SBS television services always use the callsign "SBS". On 14 December 2006, SBS announced its intention to change to 720p as its high-definition transmission standard for SBS HD . SBS had previously down converted its scheduled SBS high-definition content to the 576p standard. On 5 June 2012, SBS upgraded its HD format from 720p to 1080i . On 1 June 2006,

12992-517: Was rented to a private operator on 1 October 1993 and is now known today as " Chilevisión ". Televisión Nacional, popularly known as Channel 7 due to its Santiago frequency, is governed by a seven-member board appointed by both the President and the Senate . It is meant to be independent of political pressures, although accusations of bias have been made, especially during election campaigns. Ecuador TV

13108-416: Was replaced by Foxtel Arts . SBS Radio broadcasts in 74 languages in all Australian states, producing an estimated 13,500 hours of Australian programming for its two frequencies in Sydney and Melbourne as well as for its national network. Much like SBS TV , SBS radio receives funding from a mix of government grants, paid-for government information campaigns and commercial advertising. SBS Radio broadcast

13224-508: Was soon launched in 1988 with founding conductor Matthew Krel . Plans to introduce limited commercial-program sponsorship, as well as the establishment of SBS as an independent corporation with its own charter, were put in place in July 1989. A program called Eat Carpet , showcasing local and international short films, was also launched in 1989. The formation of the Special Broadcasting Service Act 1991 officially made SBS

13340-581: Was taken from VTV4 , Vietnam 's government-controlled national broadcaster. They found the portrayal of the communist Vietnamese flag and Ho Chi Minh offensive and stated that the program's lack of reporting on political arrests and religious oppression was also offensive, especially to those who had fled the country following the Vietnam War . This backlash prompted SBS to remove the bulletin from schedule and from then on to display disclaimers before all externally produced bulletins in order to distance it from

13456-534: Was the primary production unit of SBS programming, which existed from August 1994 to December 2007. At the end of 2007, SBS independent was merged with the SBS Content and Online Division. The SBS Youth Orchestra was an Australian premier youth orchestra, founded in 1988 by the now late Matthew Krel . It was disbanded in 2013. An online platform that celebrates "the diversity of sexuality in Australia and its multicultural communities". SBS used to distribute films in

#938061