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49-522: Sørøysundet is a strait in Hasvik Municipality and Hammerfest Municipality in Finnmark county, Norway . The 70-kilometre (43 mi) strait is between 4 and 17 kilometres (2.5 and 10.6 mi) wide. The strait separates the large island of Sørøya from the islands of Stjernøya , Seiland , and Kvaløya . To the southwest the strait opens up into Lopphavet sea. The small island of Håja lies in

98-523: A subarctic climate ( Köppen Dfc ), with long and cold (though average by arctic standards) winters and short, cool summers. In the city, freezing temperatures are routinely experienced from October to May. Average temperatures exceed 0 degrees Celsius only from May through October. The average low during the coldest part of the year in Murmansk is approximately −14 °C (7 °F). However, temperatures routinely plunge below −20 °C (−4 °F) during

147-418: A 2.3 °C (36.1 °F) average high was measured for March 2007. Summer has also been affected, with a 19.1 °C (66.4 °F) average high for June 2013, and a 24.3 °C (75.7 °F) average high during July 2018. The population of the city, according to the 2010 Census, was 307,257, of these, 141,130 men (45.9%) and 166,127 women (54.1%), down from 468,039 recorded in the 1989 Census. Since

196-549: A mountain in Hasvik, killing the crew of 6; the crew consisted of Soviet airmen wearing American uniforms; the aircraft was flying from the U.S. to Murmansk , Russia via Iceland . (138 PBN-1s produced by Naval Aircraft Factory served with the Soviet Navy, after the NAF transferred ownership via Project ZEBRA). The remains of the crew members were moved out of Norway after World War II. In

245-455: Is a port city and the administrative center of Murmansk Oblast in the far northwest part of Russia . It sits on both slopes and banks of a modest ria or fjord , Kola Bay , an estuarine inlet of the Barents Sea , with its bulk on the east bank of the inlet. It is in the north of the rounded Kola Peninsula which covers most of the oblast . The city is 108 kilometres (67 mi) from

294-547: Is governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor is indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council. The municipality is under the jurisdiction of the Vestre Finnmark District Court and the Hålogaland Court of Appeal . The municipal council (Kommunestyre) of Hasvik is made up of 15 representatives that are elected to four year terms. The tables below show

343-534: Is named after the old Hasvik farm since the first Hasvik Church was built there. The first element is the genitive case of hár which means "high" or "tall", likely referring to the nearby mountain Håen ( Norwegian : Hár ). The last element is vík which means " cove " or "small bay ". The coat of arms was granted on 13 July 1984. The official blazon is " Azure , a gull argent rising " ( Norwegian : I blått en oppflygende hvit make ). This means

392-411: Is one of only three places with representation in the female league, through the team Arktika . Proximity to pole and its side effects, Polar Night , has brought sport festivals such as North Festival Polar Olympiad  [ ru ] and Sun Festival  [ ru ] . The former has been awarded every year since the inaugural tournament in 1934. Norway, Finland, Sweden, Ukraine, Belarus and

441-516: Is the center of its Murmansk and Monchegorsk diocese, as well as the Murmansk Metropolis. The city has about a dozen Orthodox churches, the department of the head of the diocese and the metropolis of Metropolitan Simon is located in St. Nicholas Cathedral. Murmansk's evening newspaper is Vecherniy Murmansk ; it has been published since 1991. The port of Murmansk remains ice-free year round due to

490-640: The Canadian port of Churchill , Manitoba . Even though the passage has not been fully tested for commercial shipping yet, Russian interest in this project (along with the Northwest Passage ) is substantial, as the bridge will serve as a major trade route between North America , Europe and Asia . Murmansk is home to Murmansk State Technical University , the Murmansk Arctic State University (formerly Murmansk State Pedagogical University),

539-604: The Romanovs . On September 21 [ O.S. October 4], 1916, the official ceremony was performed, and the date is now considered the official date of the city's foundation. After the February Revolution of March 1917, on April 3 [ O.S. April 16], 1917, the town was given its present name. In the winter of 1917 the British North Russia Squadron under Rear Admiral Thomas Kemp

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588-714: The Siberian Dikson on the shores of the Kara Sea , and Iqaluit , in the Canadian Arctic . Despite long, snowy winters, Murmansk's climate is moderated by the generally ice-free waters around it. Although there was a building boom in the early twentieth century's arms races, Murmansk's population has been in decline since the Cold War , from 468,039 ( 1989 Soviet census ) ; 336,137 ( 2002 Census ) ; 307,257 ( 2010 Census ) ; to 270,384 (2021 Census). It remains

637-539: The border with Norway and 182 kilometres (113 mi) from the border with Finland . Benefiting from the North Atlantic Current , Murmansk resembles cities of its size across western Russia, with highway and railway access to the rest of Europe , and the northernmost trolleybus system on Earth. It lies over 2° north of the Arctic Circle . Its connectivity contrasts with the isolation of Arctic ports like

686-605: The polar night lasts from 2 December to 10 January (40 days). Extreme temperatures range from −39.4 °C (−38.9 °F) on January 6, 1985, and January 27, 1999, up to 32.9 °C (91.2 °F) on July 9, 1972; the record cold daily maximum is −36.1 °C (−33.0 °F), set on January 6, 1985, while, conversely, the record warm daily minimum is 21.3 °C (70.3 °F) last set on July 9, 1972. Murmansk has been affected by global warming in recent decades, similar to other Arctic locations . For example, December 2007 had an average high of 0.8 °C (33.4 °F), while

735-508: The 357 municipalities in Norway. Hasvik is the 336th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 979. The municipality's population density is 1.8 inhabitants per square kilometre (4.7/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 5.6% over the previous 10-year period. The municipality of Hasvik was established in 1858 when the northern part of Loppa Municipality was separated to form this new municipality. The initial population

784-764: The Baltic countries take part in the North Festival Polar Olympiad. To commemorate the 85th anniversary of the city's foundation, the snow-white Church of the Saviour on the Waters was modeled after the White Monuments of Vladimir and Suzdal and built on the shore for the sailors of Murmansk. Fifteen religious associations have been registered in Murmansk. The largest is the Russian Orthodox Church, Murmansk

833-512: The Germans from capturing the city and cutting off the vital Karelian railway line and the ice-free harbor. The Luftwaffe bombed the city 792 times during World War II. Murmansk suffered extensive destruction, the magnitude of which was rivaled only by the destruction in Leningrad and Stalingrad . For the rest of the war, Murmansk served as a transit point for weapons and other supplies entering

882-594: The Presidium of the Leningrad Oblast Executive Committee resolution of February 26, 1935, the administrative center of Polyarny District was moved from Polyarnoye to Sayda-Guba . However, the provisions of the resolution were not fully implemented, and due to military construction in Polyarnoye, the administrative center was instead moved to Murmansk in the beginning of 1935. In addition to being

931-603: The Russian Second Division until 2014 when it folded due to financial difficulties, and FC Murmansk , a football team founded in 2022. Bandy club Murman has played in the Russian Bandy Super League , last in 2011–2012. Between 2012 and 2018, they were playing in the second tier Russian Bandy Supreme League , but will from the 2018–19 season be a Super League team again. Their home arena, Stadium Stroitel , has an audience capacity of 5,000. The city

980-637: The Russian nuclear powered icebreaker fleet based in Murmansk. Murmansk is linked by the Kirov Railway to St. Petersburg and is linked to the rest of Russia by the M18 Kola Motorway . Murmansk Airport provides air links to Moscow and St. Petersburg. Buses and trolleybuses provide local transport. Murmansk is set to be the Russian terminus of the Arctic Bridge , a sea route linking it to

1029-793: The Soviet Arctic during the Great Patriotic War monument is also located in Murmansk. The main square of Murmansk is Five Corners, Murmansk . There are three professional theaters in Murmansk. The oldest is the Murmansk Puppetry, which opened in 1933. The largest in the city was the Murmansk Regional Drama Theater, which opened in 1939. The Drama Theater of the Northern Fleet was opened in 1946. The city's association football teams are FC Sever Murmansk , which played in

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1078-521: The Soviet Union from other Allied nations. The city's resistance was commemorated at the 40th anniversary of the victory over the Germans in the formal designation of Murmansk as a Hero City on May 6, 1985. During the Cold War Murmansk was a center of Soviet submarine and icebreaker activity. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union , the nearby city and naval base of Severomorsk remains

1127-554: The USSR's Allies : primarily military equipment, manufactured goods and raw materials brought into the Soviet Union. The supplies were brought to the city in the Arctic convoys . German forces in Finnish territory launched an offensive against the city in 1941 as part of Operation Silver Fox . However, fierce Soviet resistance and harsh local weather-conditions,along with the bad terrain, prevented

1176-466: The administrative center of Murmansk Okrug, Murmansk continued to serve as the administrative center of Polyarny District until September 11, 1938. On February 10, 1938, when the VTsIK adopted a Resolution changing the administrative-territorial structure of Murmansk Okrug, the city of Murmansk became a separate administrative division of the okrug, equal in status to that of the districts. This status

1225-539: The administrative center of Murmansk Okrug. In 1934, the Murmansk Okrug Executive Committee developed a redistricting proposal, which included a plan to enlarge the city by merging the surrounding territories in the north, south, and west into Murmansk. While this plan was not confirmed by the Leningrad Oblast Executive Committee, in 1935–1937 several rural localities of Kolsky and Polyarny Districts were merged into Murmansk anyway. According to

1274-424: The arms have a blue field (background) and the charge is a seagull that is just taking flight. The seagull has a tincture of argent which means it is commonly colored white, but if it is made out of metal, then silver is used. The blue color in the field and the seagull were chosen by the municipality as a symbol for the local fishing and fish processing industry which attracts many seagulls. The design of

1323-506: The arms was proposed by Martha Gamst from Breivikbotn, and it was refined and finalized by Arvid Sveen. The Church of Norway has one parish ( sokn ) within the municipality of Hasvik. It is part of the Alta prosti ( deanery ) in the Diocese of Nord-Hålogaland . In 1900, Hasvik was connected to the telegraph system of the rest of Norway. In June 1944, a Catalina aircraft crashed into

1372-673: The city is divided into three administrative okrugs: City districts were established in Murmansk for the first time by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR of April 20, 1939; at the time, three city districts ( Kirovsky , Leninsky, and Mikoyanovsky) were created. They were abolished on June 2, 1948. The same city districts were created for the second time on June 23, 1951. Mikoyanovsky City District

1421-719: The city was governed by the authorities of Alexandrovsky Uyezd and later of Murmansk Governorate . On August 1, 1927, the All-Russian Central Executive Committee (VTsIK) issued two resolutions: "On the Establishment of Leningrad Oblast" and "On the Borders and Composition of the Okrugs of Leningrad Oblast", which transformed Murmansk Governorate into Murmansk Okrug within Leningrad Oblast and made Murmansk

1470-471: The collapse of the Soviet Union, the city has been consistently losing population, as the extensive military facilities the city is built around have declined. Ethnic Russians make up the majority of the population, but Ukrainian and Belarusian minorities also live in the city. Ethnic composition (2010): In November 2010, direct mayoral elections were abolished; they were reinstituted in January 2014, with

1519-461: The current and historical composition of the council by political party . The mayors ( Norwegian : ordfører ) of Hasvik (incomplete list): The municipality of Hasvik is situated on the western side of Sørøya , Norway's fourth largest island (other than Svalbard ). Most people in Hasvik are to be found in a string of settlements along the western coast: the three largest being Breivikbotn , Sørvær , and Hasvik . The municipality also includes

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1568-560: The driest month May. The all-time high temperature 28.7 °C (83.7 °F) was recorded August 2018; the all-time low −17.2 °C (1.0 °F) recorded in December 2002. The weather station at the small airport close to the village has been operating since January 1984. Extremes available since 2002. Murmansk Murmansk ( Russian : Мурманск ; Kildin Sami : Мурман ланнҍ ; Skolt Sami : Muurman and Northern Sami : Murmánska )

1617-563: The headquarters of the Russian Northern Fleet . In 1974, a massive 35.5-meter (116 ft) tall statue Alyosha , depicting a Soviet World War II soldier, was installed on a 7-meter (23 ft) high foundation. The Hotel Arctic opened in 1984, becoming the tallest building above the Arctic Circle. On January 1, 2015, the territory of Murmansk was expanded when the urban-type settlement of Roslyakovo , previously under

1666-514: The jurisdiction of the closed administrative-territorial formation of Severomorsk, was abolished and its territory merged into Murmansk. Within the framework of administrative divisions , it is incorporated as the City of Murmansk —an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts . As a municipal division , the City of Murmansk is incorporated as Murmansk Urban Okrug . As of 2012 ,

1715-471: The most recent elections for mayor and city council taking place in September 2014. Murmansk has two main museums: Murmansk Oblast Museum and Murmansk Oblast Art Museum; there are also several small museums. There are three professional theaters, libraries, and an aquarium in Murmansk. Murmansk is the venue of the decommissioned Lenin which is now a museum ship. Alyosha Monument, Murmansk or Defenders of

1764-477: The nearby towns of Alexandrovsk and Kola . On June 29 [ O.S. July 12], 1916, Russian Transport Minister Alexander Trepov petitioned to grant urban status to the railway settlement. On July 6 [ O.S. July 19], 1916, the petition was approved and the town was named Romanov-on-Murman ( Рома́нов-на-Му́рмане , Romanov-na-Murmane ), after the Imperial Russian dynasty,

1813-444: The original Köppen climate classification) or 0 °C (32 °F) as used in the US). Winter temperatures hover around freezing, and the short summers are cool. The winters are very mild considering the latitude of more than 70 degrees North. The driest season is April to July, and the wettest season is October to January. The wettest month October get more than twice as much precipitation as

1862-508: The sea off the village of Sørvær , the decommissioned Soviet cruiser Murmansk ran aground on Christmas Eve in 1994. Her towlines had snapped off the nearby North Cape while the vessel was on its way to India to be scrapped. She stayed in Sørvær for 18 years. In 2012, the operation to removed the vessel started. A breakwater and dry dock was constructed around the vessel to access it from land and demolish it where it rested. The dock around

1911-408: The strait, about 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) west of the town of Hammerfest . There are no bridges or tunnels that cross the strait, but there are ferry routes crossing it. This article about a location in Finnmark is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Hasvik Municipality The 555-square-kilometre (214 sq mi) municipality is the 195th largest by area out of

1960-537: The very sparsely populated northern part of the island of Stjernøya , including the Sørfjorden area. Stjernøya has no road or ferry connections. The highest point in the municipality is the 958.7-metre (3,145 ft) tall mountain Kjerringa. Hasvik, situated on Sørøya island, has an either a subpolar oceanic climate (Cfc) or a subarctic climate (Dfc), depending on winter threshold used (−3 °C (27 °F) as in

2009-536: The warm North Atlantic Current and is an important fishing and shipping destination. It is home port to Atomflot , the world's only fleet of nuclear-powered icebreakers . The Port of Murmansk is the headquarters of Sevmorput (Northern Sea Route) and the administration of Russian Arctic maritime transport. In 2018, the Russian government transferred the main responsibility for the Northern Sea Route to Rosatom which through its ROSATOMFLOT subsidiary manages

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2058-448: The winter. Murmansk's brief summer is mild, with average highs in July exceeding +17 °C (63 °F). The city is slightly wetter during the summer than the winter and receives an annual average of just under 500 mm (20 in) of precipitation . The " midnight sun " is above the horizon from 22 May to 23 July (63 days), and the period with continuous darkness is somewhat shorter —

2107-575: The world's largest city north of the Arctic Circle, with over 100,000 more inhabitants than Norilsk , Russia. It is a major port of the Arctic Ocean . The name of the city is derived from Murman , from an old name for Norwegians by Russians, likely a borrowing from Old Norse norðmaðr , which gave its name to the Murman Coast and the surrounding region including the Kola Peninsula . Murmansk

2156-681: The wreck was sealed in April. By mid-May the dock was almost empty of water and the demolishing of the cruiser began. The project was completed in 2013. In 2021, a plaque was unveiled in the presence of minister of defence , representatives from embassies of USA and Russia, and a Russian military attaché ; 6 Soviet airmen who died in 1944, were honored. Hasvik Municipality is responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services , senior citizen services, welfare and other social services , zoning , economic development , and municipal roads and utilities. The municipality

2205-454: Was 506. The borders of the municipality have not changed since that time. On 1 January 2020, the municipality became part of the newly formed Troms og Finnmark county. Previously, it had been part of the old Finnmark county. On 1 January 2024, the Troms og Finnmark county was divided and the municipality once again became part of Finnmark county. The municipality (originally the parish )

2254-631: Was based at Murmansk. From 1918 to 1920, during the Russian Civil War , the town was occupied by the Western powers , who had been allied in World War I , and was also controlled by White Army forces. On February 13, 1926, local self-government was organized in Murmansk for the first time, during a plenary session of the Murmansk City Soviet , which elected a Presidium. Before this,

2303-561: Was renamed Oktyabrsky on October 30, 1957, but on September 30, 1958, all three city districts were again abolished. On June 10, 1967, two city districts were created (Leninsky and Oktyabrsky); Pervomaysky City District was split from Oktyabrsky on February 21, 1975. In the Charter of the Hero City of Murmansk, adopted on December 17, 1995, the districts started to be referred to as administrative okrugs. Murmansk experiences

2352-466: Was retained when Murmansk Okrug was transformed into Murmansk Oblast on May 28, 1938. The Germans were promised the use of the port they called Norwegenhafen for transportation of goods and raw materials from 1922 to 1941. During World War II , Murmansk was a link to the Western world for the Soviet Union , with large quantities of goods important to the respective military efforts traded with

2401-605: Was the last city founded in the Russian Empire . In 1915, World War I needs led to the construction of the railroad from Petrozavodsk to an ice-free location on the Murman Coast in the Russian Arctic , to which Russia's allies shipped military supplies. The terminus became known as the Murman station and soon boasted a port, a naval base, and an adjacent settlement with a population that quickly grew in size and soon surpassed

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