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22-614: São Mamede can refer to: São Mamede (Batalha) , a parish in Batalha, Portugal São Mamede (Lisbon) , a parish in Lisbon, Portugal São Mamede (Paraíba) , a town in Paraíba, Brazil São Mamede de Este , a Portuguese parish São Mamede de Infesta , a Portuguese city Battle of São Mamede Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with

44-768: A knight and brother of the Duke of Burgundy , went to support the Christians of Hispania . He fought the Moors along with Alfonso VI of León . In honour of his fights in Hispania , the King gave him the County of Portugal . This gift came with a reinstated title; because of attempts by the previous holder some years earlier to assert independence, it had been suppressed. Henry became count of Portugal and Theresa, one of Alfonso's daughters, his wife. In 1095,

66-542: A position of feudal subservience to the Leonese state. Her own son, Afonso Henriques , took the reins of the government in 1128 after routing his mother's forces in the Battle of São Mamede , near Guimarães . After this battle, he began to exhibit a seal with a cross and the word "Portugal", and he continued to win battles, supported by the nobles of Entre-Douro-e-Minho . Nevertheless: Even then, between 1128 and 1139 he never used

88-578: The Battle of Pedroso by King García II of Galicia , who then proclaimed himself the King of Galicia and Portugal, the first time a royal title was used in reference to Portugal. The independent county was abolished, its territories remaining within the crown of Galicia, which was in turn subsumed within the larger kingdoms of García's brothers, Sancho II and Alfonso VI of León and Castile . In 1093, Alfonso VI nominated his son-in-law Raymond of Burgundy as count of Galicia, then including modern Portugal as far south as Coimbra, though Alfonso himself retained

110-753: The Kingdom of León in 1143. Its territory included much of the current Portuguese territory between the Minho River and the Tagus River . Count Henry continued the Reconquista in western Iberia and expanded his county's dominions. He was also involved in several intrigues inside the Leonese court together with his cousin Raymond and sister-in-law Urraca of Castile , in which he supported Raymond's ascension in return for promises of autonomy or independence for Portugal. In 1111

132-528: The Portuguese people formed. The first county existed from the mid-ninth to the mid-eleventh centuries as a vassalage of the Kingdom of Asturias and the Kingdom of Galicia and also part of the Kingdom of León , before being abolished as a result of rebellion. A larger entity under the same name was then reestablished in the late 11th century and subsequently elevated by its count in the mid-12th century into an independent Kingdom of Portugal . The history of

154-500: The Treaty of Zamora . In 1179, the Holy See declared him King, de jure . County of Portugal The County of Portugal ( Galician-Portuguese : Comtato de Portugalle; in documents of the period Portugalia ) refers to two successive medieval counties in the region around Guimarães and Porto , today corresponding to littoral northern Portugal , within which the identity of

176-531: The Muslims conquered Santarém . When Count Henry died in 1112, the population of the County of Portugal, including the powerful families, favored independence. Henry's widow, Theresa , took the reins on behalf of her young son, and allied herself with Galician nobility in order to challenge her sister queen Urraca's dominance and briefly used the title Queen. However, she was defeated by Urraca in 1121 and forced to accept

198-401: The countess of Portugal. Her sister Queen Urraca became Queen of León after her father's, Alfonso VI of Leon, death. Like her husband, Theresa was also ambitious and wished for independence from Leon, and particularly her sister. In an attempt to maintain the autonomy of her county, at different times she allied herself to her sister's enemies or with her sister, whichever was most propitious at

220-586: The county of Portugal is traditionally dated from the reconquest of Portus Cale ( Porto ) by Vímara Peres in 868. He was named a count and given control of the frontier region between the Limia and Douro rivers by Alfonso III of Asturias . South of the Douro, another border county would be formed decades later when what would become the County of Coimbra was conquered from the Moors by Hermenegildo Guterres . This moved

242-435: The county was a dependency of the Kingdom of Galicia , itself a dependency of the Kingdom of León . In 1097 Portugal became a direct dependency of León. However, from the early years of his rule, Henry became influenced by the desire of the lords of the county for independence which made him desire the independence of the county. Henry died in 1112, and his wife Queen Theresa ( Regina Tarasia , as she addressed herself) became

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264-467: The first county of Portugal reached the height of their power in the late 10th century, when Count Gonzalo Menéndez may have used the title magnus dux portucalensium ("grand duke of Portugal") and his son Menendo used the title dux magnus (grand duke). It could have been this Count Gonzalo who assassinated Sancho I of León after inviting the King to a banquet and offering him a poisoned apple. Not all historians, however, believe that Gonzalo Menéndez

286-579: The frontier away from the southern bounds of the county of Portugal, but it was still subject to repeated campaigns from the Caliphate of Córdoba . The recapture of Coimbra by Almanzor in 987 again placed the County of Portugal on the southern frontier of the Leonese state for most of the rest of the first county's existence. The regions to its south were only again conquered in the reign of Ferdinand I of León and Castile , with Lamego falling in 1057, Viseu in 1058 and finally Coimbra in 1064. The leaders of

308-456: The future king Alfonso V . Following Alfonso's succession, Menendo would serve as regent for the boy king and married him to one of Menendo's daughters. The county continued with varying degrees of autonomy within the Kingdom of León and, during brief periods of division, the Kingdom of Galicia until 1071, when Count Nuno Mendes , desiring greater autonomy for Portugal, was defeated and killed in

330-524: The spring of 1127. This increased the power of Theresa's son, Afonso Henriques , because she had lost the trust of the Leonese king, and Afonso became the count of Portugal. Subsequently, Theresa became a puppet of the Galician Ferdinand Perez de Trava. Theresa and Prince Afonso therefore became enemies as both wanted to take control of the county, but only the supporters of Prince Afonso were really interested in full independence. Afonso Henriques

352-578: The time. In 1116, the Portuguese took two Galician cities, Tui and Ourense . In reply, Queen Urraca attacked Theresa's dominions. Bishop Diego Gelmírez , a friend of a Galician noble that was in the service of Theresa, led a revolt in the camp of Queen Urraca, and Urraca was obliged to make peace with her sister Theresa. Urraca died in 1126. Urraca's son, Alfonso VII , became king of León and Castile and demanded that Theresa become his vassal, which she refused to do. In response, Alfonso attacked Portugal in

374-507: The title São Mamede . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=São_Mamede&oldid=1025795398 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Battle of S%C3%A3o Mamede In late 11th century, Henry of Portugal ,

396-570: The title of king over the same territory. However, concern for Raymond's growing power led Alfonso in 1096 to separate Portugal and Coimbra from Galicia and grant them to another son-in-law, Henry of Burgundy , wed to Alfonso VI's illegitimate daughter Theresa . Henry chose Guimarães as the base for this newly formed county, the Condado Portucalense , known at the time as Terra Portucalense or Província Portucalense, which would last until Portugal achieved its independence, recognized by

418-402: The title of king, but rather that of princeps or infante , which means, in fact, that he could not resolve on his own account, the issue of his political category; that is, he had to admit that it depended on the consent of Alfonso VII who was, in fact, the legitimate heir of Alfonso VI. Also, he never used the title of "count" which would place him in a clear position of dependence vis-à-vis

440-510: The wishes of the Portuguese, united all Galicia under a single rule of one lord, which he chose from one of his close relatives. Teresa, mother of Afonso Henriques, came to Guimarães to govern the Portuguese county . The Portuguese did not accept this, and the battle started. Afonso won the battle and Portugal started its journey towards independence. In 1129, Henriques declared himself Prince of Portugal and in 1139 as King of Portugal . León finally recognized Portugal's independence in 1143 in

462-413: Was not alone in the battle. In fact, he was pressured by the lords of the main Portuguese cities, by the local church, and by its people to achieve the country's independence. Nobles participating in the battle with Afonso Henriques: The counts that dominated the counties of Portugal and Coimbra kept the idea of independence, and their merger strengthened their positions. Alfonso VI of León , knowing

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484-413: Was responsible for the king's death and some attribute the regicide to a contemporary count named Gonzalo Muñoz. In the late 960s Gonzalo's lands were ravaged by Vikings , and in 968, he fell out with king Ramiro III over the latter's refusal to fight the raiders. His son Menendo had close relations with Ramiro's rival and successor, Bermudo II , being made the king's alférez and tutor of his son,

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