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37-591: At the 2002 census, the population was 72,926. As of 2019, the population was 78,148. Rybnik area was heavily influenced by the Cistercian in the Middle Ages. First Rybnik county was created in 1818 by the King of Prussia. It covered vast area, including current Racibórz , Gliwice , Mikołów and Wodzisław counties, as well as current city-county cities of Rybnik , Żory and Jastrzębie-Zdrój . Following First World War and

74-626: A death march to Kłodzko , and two German-conducted death marches of prisoners of the Auschwitz concentration camp and its subcamps passed through the town towards the Gross-Rosen concentration camp and Opava . In the final stages of the war, it was initially spared by the Red Army Vistula–Oder Offensive but occupied and devastated on 30 March 1945. After end of the war, in June 1945,

111-434: A crucial role in protecting Racibórz and the cities of Opole and Wrocław from flooding during the 2024 Central European floods . Racibórz has an oceanic climate ( Köppen climate classification : Cfb ) using the −3 °C (27 °F) isotherm or a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification: Dfb ) using the 0 °C (32 °F) isotherm. The officially protected traditional beverage from Racibórz

148-695: A letter to his wife Queen Marie Casimire . After the First Silesian War in 1742, Racibórz was ceded to the Kingdom of Prussia under Frederick the Great . With most of the Silesian territory it was incorporated into the Province of Silesia in 1815 and the town became the administrative seat of a Landkreis . In the 18th century, Racibórz belonged to the tax inspection region of Prudnik . The mediate Lordship of Ratibor

185-571: A population of approximately 55,000 inhabitants. From 1975 to 1998, it belonged to Katowice Voivodeship . Until the end of the 5th century AD, the lands of the later Racibórz settlement were inhabited by East Germanic Silinger tribes. The town is one of the oldest in Upper Silesia, the site of a hill fort where the old trade route from the Moravian Gate down to Kraków crossed the Oder river. There

222-481: Is twinned with: Former twin towns: Bavarian Geographer The epithet " Bavarian Geographer " ( Latin : Geographus Bavarus ) is the conventional name for the anonymous author of a short Latin medieval text containing a list of the tribes in Central and Eastern Europe , headed Descriptio civitatum et regionum ad septentrionalem plagam Danubii ( Latin for ' Description of cities and lands north of

259-696: Is a city in Silesian Voivodeship in southern Poland . It is the administrative seat of Racibórz County . With Opole , Racibórz is one of the historic capitals of Upper Silesia , being the residence of the Dukes of Racibórz from 1172 to 1521. The city is situated in the southwest of the voivodeship on the upper Oder river, near the border with the Polish Opole Voivodeship and the Czech Republic . The Racibórz Basin ( Kotlina Raciborska ) forms

296-532: Is a possibility that Racibórz was mentioned in a work of the " Bavarian Geographer " in 845 (this document mentions five strongholds of the Slavic Golensizi (Golenshitse, Holasici in Czech ), a proto-Polish tribe, probably Racibórz was one of them). The name Racibórz is of Slavic origin and probably is derived from the name of one Duke Racibor, the city's founder. However, the first confirmed mention of Racibórz

333-653: Is largely geographic in nature, and its understanding of Eastern European geography is limited, so it may be a case of cosmography . The document has a short introductory sentence and a list of 58 tribal names in Central and Eastern Europe , east of the Elbe and north of the Danube to the Volga River to the Black Sea and Caspian Sea (most of them of Slavonic origin, with Ruzzi , and others such as Vulgarii , etc.). Absent on

370-629: Is local beer , which is produced in various styles (as designated by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of Poland ). The local men's football team is KP Unia Racibórz . It competes in the lower leagues, however, it played in the Polish top division in the past. Defunct women's football club RTP Unia Racibórz was also based in the town. It played in Poland's top division , and won five consecutive national championships from 2009 to 2013. Racibórz

407-528: The Einsatzgruppe I entered the town on September 4, 1939, to commit atrocities against Poles . In September 1939, the Germans confiscated assets of the local Polish bank, and carried out mass arrests of prominent Poles, including the chairman of the local "Sokół" Polish Gymnastic Society , the editor-in-chief of local Polish newspaper Dziennik Raciborski , the chairman of the local Polish bank and activists of

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444-2912: The Danube ' ). The name "Bavarian Geographer" was first bestowed (in its French form, " Géographe de Bavière ") in 1796 by Polish count and scholar Jan Potocki . The term is now also used at times to refer to the document itself. It was the first Latin source to claim that all Slavs have originated from the same homeland, called the Zeriuani . Descriptio civitatum et regionum ad septentrionalem plagam Danubii . Isti sunt qui propinquiores resident finibus Danaorum, quos vocant Nortabtrezi , ubi regio, in qua sunt civitates LIII per duces suos partite. Uuilci , in qua civitates XCV et regiones IIII. Linaa est populus, qui habet civitates VII. Prope illis resident, quos vocant Bethenici et Smeldingon et Morizani, qui habent civitates XI. Iuxta illos sunt, qui vocantur Hehfeldi , qui habent civitates VIII. Iuxta illos est regio, que vocatur Surbi , in qua regione plures sunt, que habent civitates L. Iuxta illos sunt quos vocant Talaminzi, qui habent civitates XIII. Beheimare , in qua sunt civitates XV. Marharii habent civitates XL. Uulgarii regio est inmensa et populus multus habens civitates V, eo quod mutitudo magna ex eis sit et non sit eis opus civitates habere. Est populus quem vocant Merehanos , ipsi habent civitates XXX. Iste sunt regiones, que terminant in finibus nostris. Isti sunt, qui iuxta istorum fines resident. Osterabtrezi, in qua civitates plus quam C sunt. Miloxi, in qua civitates LXVII. Phesnuzi habent civitates LXX. Thadesi plus quam CC urbes habent. Glopeani , in qua civitates CCCC aut eo amplius. Zuireani habent civitates CCCXXV. Busani habent civitates CCXXXI. Sittici regio inmensa populis et urbibus munitissimis. Stadici, in qua civitates DXVI populousque infinitus. Sebbirozi habent civitates XC. Unlizi populus multus civitates CCCCXVIII. Neriuani habent civitates LXXVIII. Attorozi habent civitates CXLVIII, populus ferocissimus. Eptaradici habent civitates CCLXIII. Uuilerozi habent civitates CLXXX. Zabrozi habent civitates CCXII. Znetalici habent civitates LXXIIII. Aturezani habent civitates CIIII. Chozirozi habent civitates CCL. Lendizi habent civitates XCVIII. Thafnezi habent civitates CCLVII. Zeriuani , quod tantum est regnum, ut ex eo cuncte genetes Sclauorum exorte sint et originem, sicut affirmant, ducant. Prissani civitates LXX. Uelunzani civitates LXX. Bruzi plus est undique quam de Enisa ad Rhenum Uuizunbeire Caziri civitates C. Ruzzi. Forsderen. Liudi. Fresiti. Serauici. Lucolane. Ungare . Uuislane . Sleenzane civitates XV. Lunsizi civitates XXX. Dadosesani civitates XX. Milzane civitates XXX. Besunzane civitates II. Uerizane civitates X. Fraganeo civitates XL. Lupiglaa civitates XXX. Opolini civitates XX. Golensizi civitates V. The short document, written in Latin ,

481-658: The Habsburg king Ferdinand I . With Opole, Racibórz was temporarily given in pawn to the Hohenzollern margraves of Ansbach and to the royal Polish House of Vasa . The town's economy suffered from the devastations in the Thirty Years' War . In 1683, on his way to the Battle of Vienna , Polish King John III Sobieski stopped in Racibórz, which he called a beautiful and fortified town in

518-517: The Testament of Bolesław III in the following year. Racibórz was an important center of beer production, and the townspeople enjoyed a privilege that allowed brewing already in the early 12th century. Brewing was an important source of the town's income, and local beer was popular not only in Silesia, but also in neighboring Czechia. From 1155, Racibórz was the seat of a castellany . The town became

555-636: The Upper Silesia plebiscite , most of that area became part of Poland. In 1975 administrative reforms repealed counties ( powiaty ) in Poland . In 1999 Jerzy Buzek government restored Rybnik county along with other counties. Rybnik county is located mostly on Rybnik Flatlands, with only the very west parts being part of Silesian Lowlands and the very east – Ramża Mountain – marking Silesian Upland . Three spoil tips in Czerwionka-Leszczyny are widely recognizable landmark of Rybnik county. Some part of

592-712: The Upper Silesian plebiscite was held in 1921, in which 90.9% of votes in Ratibor town were for Germany and 9.1% were for Poland . Consequently, the town remained in Germany, as part of the Prussian Province of Upper Silesia , and became a border town , while the present-day district of Brzezie , lying east of the Oder was reintegrated with Poland. Nazi Germany increasingly persecuted local Polish activists since 1937. In May 1939,

629-723: The 19th century, Prussian policies increased the Germanisation . Poles smuggled large amounts of gunpowder through the town to the Russian Partition of Poland during the January Uprising in 1863. Ratibor became part of the German Empire in 1871. According to the Prussian census of 1910, the city of Ratibor had a population of 38,424, of which around 60% spoke German, 30% spoke Polish and 10% were bilingual. After World War I ,

666-567: The Association of Polish Women. During the war, the Germans operated a Nazi prison, a Polenlager forced labour camp for Poles, a forced labour camp for Jews , and six labour subcamps of the Stalag VIII-B/344 prisoner-of-war camp in the town, and three labour subcamps of Stalag VIII-B/344 in the present-day district of Brzezie. In 1945, the Germans sent 176 prisoners of the Nazi prison on

703-542: The Dominican friar Peregrine of Opole compiled his Sermones de tempore and Sermones de sanctis collections. From 1299 onwards, Racibórz was ruled by an autonomous city council according to Magdeburg town law . When in 1327 Duke Leszek of Racibórz paid homage to the Luxembourg king John of Bohemia , his duchy became a Bohemian fiefdom. The Bohemian feudal suzerainty, confirmed in the 1335 Treaty of Trentschin , led to

740-704: The Germans searched the local branch of the Union of Poles in Germany and arrested both its secretary Leon Czogała and Ludwika Linderówna, activist of the local Association of Polish Women. In June 1939, the Gestapo seized the headquarters of local Polish organizations, which was then handed over to the Hitler Youth , while the Polish library and documents were confiscated. During the German invasion of Poland , which started World War II ,

777-517: The army of Czechoslovakia briefly entered into the town and Czechoslovakia officially claimed the area of Racibórz and Głubczyce ( Ratibořsko and Hlubčicko ) because of having a substantial Czech minority (see border conflicts between Poland and Czechoslovakia ). At the same time the expulsion of Germans started, while the town became wholly part of Poland as defined at the Potsdam Conference . The German CDU politician Herbert Hupka at

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814-526: The country is also incorporated into Rudy Landscape Park . The county is subdivided into five gminas (one urban-rural and four rural). These are listed in the following table, in descending order of population. At the census of 2002 there were 72,926 people, 25,499 households and 20,362 families residing in the county. There were 18,026 married couples living together (12,675 of them had children), 210 partnerships (138 of them had children), 1,805 single mothers and 321 single fathers. The average household size

851-558: The document is disputed. Although early commentators suggested that it could have been compiled in Regensburg , the list seems to have been taken from Codex Reginbertinus II , recorded in the 9th century in the library of the Reichenau Abbey and named after a local librarian. Based on these findings, Bernhard Bischoff attributes it to a monk active at Reichenau from the 830s to 850s. Aleksandr Nazarenko finds it more probable that

888-490: The end of his life promoted reconciliation between the former German inhabitants, including himself, and the new Polish settlers and administration of Racibórz. In 1997, a flood devastated the town. As a result, the Racibórz Dolny flood control reservoir located nearby the town was built and officially opened in 2020. The reservoir has the capacity of 185 million cubic meters and cost an estimated 2 billion zloty. It played

925-521: The first historical capital of Upper Silesia, when the Duchy of Racibórz was established by the Piast duke Mieszko I Tanglefoot upon the first partition of Silesia in 1172. From 1202 onwards, Duke Mieszko ruled over whole Upper Silesia as Duke of Opole and Racibórz . He had the settlement beneath his residence laid out and the area colonized by Flemish merchants, the first coin with the Polish description "MILOST"

962-460: The list are Polans , Pomeranians and Masovians , tribes first of whom are believed to have settled along the shores of the Warta river during the 8th century, as well Dulebes , Volhynians and White Croats , but instead mentioning several unknown tribes hard to identify. There is also some information about the number of strongholds ( Latin : civitates ) possessed by some of the tribes, however

999-478: The list was composed in the 870s, when Saint Methodius is believed to have resided at Reichenau. The document may have been connected with his missions in the Slavic lands. Henryk Łowmiański demonstrated that the list consists of two parts, which may be datable to different periods and attributed to distinct authors. In modern times, some scholars attribute the information from this document to be limited, because it

1036-482: The number in several instances seems exaggerated. The list consists of two parts, first describing the tribes in the Eastern neighborhood of Francia ( iste sunt regiones ... nostris ), while the second or near or outside the zone of the first going in different directions. The tribes can be geographically grouped into Danubian, Silesian-Lusatian, Baltic, and Eastern Vistulan-Caspian. According to Łowmiański (1958), in

1073-705: The seizure of Racibórz as a reverted fief, when the line of the Silesian Piasts became extinct upon Duke Leszek's death in 1336. The next year King John enfeoffed Leszek's brother-in-law Duke Nicholas II of Opava with the duchy, which from that time on was ruled by the Opava cadet branch of the Bohemian Přemyslid dynasty and incorporated into the Lands of the Bohemian Crown . The Racibórz citizens retained their autonomy and

1110-694: The southeastern extension of the Silesian Lowlands , surrounded by the Opawskie Mountains in the west (part of the Eastern Sudetes ), the Silesian Upland in the north, and the Moravian Gate in the south. The town centre is located about 75 kilometres (47 mi) southwest of Katowice and about 160 kilometres (99 mi) southeast of the regional capital Wrocław . As of 2019, the city has

1147-498: The town developed to an important commercial centre for the region with significant cloth , tanning and brewing industries. When the last Přemyslid duke Valentin died and was buried in the Dominican church in 1521, Racibórz according to a 1512 inheritance treaty fell to the Opole dukes Jan II the Good , also a vassal of Bohemian king. As he himself left no male heirs, his lands fell back to

Rybnik County - Misplaced Pages Continue

1184-505: Was 2.84 and average family size was 3.33. There were 22,106 apartments in the county of average size of 78.0 square meters. Rybnik county experiences consequent population growth. Between 2002 and 2011 the population grew by 4.3% making 76,094 citizens on March 31, 2011. On December 31, 2011, the population was estimated to be 76,367 (+0.4%). Racib%C3%B3rz Racibórz ( pronounced [raˈt͡ɕibuʂ] , German : Ratibor , Czech : Ratiboř , Silesian : Racibōrz )

1221-493: Was acquired by Elector William I of Hesse in 1812, succeeded by Landgrave Victor Amadeus of Hesse-Rotenburg in 1821 and Prince Victor of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst in 1834, who was vested with the title of a "Duke of Ratibor" by King Frederick William IV of Prussia in 1840. At that time, Ratibor had already lost its status as a residential town, while the princes held court in Rudy palace in Rudy (then officially Groß Rauden ). In

1258-583: Was discovered in 1772 in the Bavarian State Library , Munich by Louis XV 's ambassador to the Saxon court, Comte Louis-Gabriel Du Buat-Nançay . It had been acquired by the Wittelsbachs with the collection of the antiquarian Hermann Schädel (1410–85) in 1571. The document was much discussed in the early 19th-century historiography, notably by Nikolai Karamzin and Joachim Lelewel . The provenance of

1295-553: Was issued in Racibórz in 1211. Mieszko's son and successor Duke Casimir I granted the Racibórz citizens municipal privileges in 1217. In 1241, the Poles led by local Duke Mieszko II the Fat won the Battle of Racibórz during the first Mongol invasion of Poland and the Duke founded a Dominican monastery in the city, where he was buried in 1246. The first Polish national anthem Gaude Mater Polonia

1332-559: Was made in 1108 in the Gesta principum Polonorum chronicle by the Benedictine monk Gallus Anonymus , at a time when the Polish duke Bolesław III Wrymouth had to ward off the attacks by the forces of Duke Svatopluk of Bohemia invading from the Moravian lands in the south. The Polish rule over the Racibórz area was confirmed in 1137, it was incorporated into the Duchy of Silesia according to

1369-533: Was written ca. 1260–70 in Latin by the Dominican brother Wincenty of Kielcza . In 1285 Duke Przemysław of Racibórz granted the Wrocław bishop Thomas II Zaremba asylum during his fierce struggle with the Silesian duke Henry IV Probus . In turn, Bishop Thomas donated a college of canons at Racibórz Castle, dedicated to Saint Thomas of Canterbury . Duke Przemysław also founded a Dominican nunnery and his daughter Euphemia became its first prioress in 1313. Around 1300,

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