43-562: Russian Crimea may refer to: Republic of Crimea , occupied Ukraine and federal subject of Russia since 2014 Taurida Oblast , province of the Russian Empire from 1784 until 1796 Taurida Governorate , governorate of the Russian Empire from 1802 until 1921 Crimean People's Republic , autonomy of the Russian DFR between 1917 and 1918 Taurida Soviet Socialist Republic , federal subject of
86-653: A Sunni Muslim minority, besides smaller Roman Catholic , Ukrainian Greek Catholic , Armenian Apostolic and Jewish minorities. In 2013, Orthodox Christians made up 58% of the Crimean population, followed by Muslims (15%, mainly Tatars) and believers without religion (10%). Since 2014, the United Nations has reported a regime of human-rights violations imposed by the Russian occupation authorities, including targeting religious minority groups and individuals. Peninsula economy
129-597: A diplomatic note to Ukraine on terminating the actions of agreements concerning the deployment of the Russian Federation 's Black Sea Fleet on the territory of Ukraine. As part of the agreements, Russia used to pay the Ukrainian government $ 530 million annually for the base, and wrote off nearly $ 100 million of Kyiv 's debt for the right to use Ukrainian waters. Ukraine also received a discount of $ 100 on each 1,000 cubic meters of natural gas imported from Russia, which
172-562: A cable beneath the Kerch Strait. In June 2018 there was a full electrical outage for all of Crimea, but the power grid company Rosseti reported to have fixed the outage in approximately one hour. On 28 December 2018, Russia completed a high-tech security fence marking the border between Crimea and Ukraine. Once Ukraine lost control of the territory in 2014, it shut off the water supply of the North Crimean Canal which supplies 85% of
215-482: A federal city. A post-annexation transition period, during which Russian authorities were to resolve the issues of integration of the new subjects "in the economic, financial, credit and legal system of the Russian Federation", was set to last until 1 January 2015. The change of status of Crimea was only recognised internationally by a few states with most regarding the action as illegal. Ukraine refused to accept
258-628: A new Ministry of Crimean Affairs was announced too. After 2014 the Russian government invested heavily in the peninsula's infrastructure—repairing roads, modernizing hospitals and building the Crimean Bridge that links the peninsula to the Russian mainland. In 2017 the Russian government also began modernising the Simferopol International Airport , which opened its new terminal in April 2018. Russia provides electricity to Crimea via
301-614: A quarter of parents at the Ukrainian gymnasium in Simferopol had written an application to teach children in Ukrainian; this school might have Ukrainian language classes. Goncharova also added that the parents of first-graders had written application for learning the Russian language, and (in areas inhabited by Crimean Tatars) for learning Crimean Tatar. Goncharova stated on 10 October 2014 that at that time Crimea had 20 schools where all subjects were conducted in Ukrainian. A report (realised in
344-514: A violation of the Ukrainian Constitution , was to be held on 16 March. The upcoming vote allowed citizens to vote on whether Crimea should apply to join Russia as a federal subject of the Russian Federation , or restore the 1992 Crimean constitution and Crimea's status as a part of Ukraine. The available choices did not include keeping the status quo of Crimea and Sevastopol as they were at
387-572: Is Simferopol , which is the second-largest city on the Crimean Peninsula. As of the 2021 Russian census , the Republic of Crimea had a population of 1,934,630. In February 2014, following the 2014 Ukrainian revolution that ousted the Ukrainian President , Viktor Yanukovych , the Russian leadership decided to "start working on returning Crimea to Russia" (i.e. envisaged the annexation of
430-492: Is administered by courts, as part of the judiciary of Russia . Under Russian law, all decisions delivered by the Crimean branches of the judiciary of Ukraine up to its annexation remain valid. This includes sentences (for "encroaching on Ukraine's territorial integrity and inviolability") for pre-2014 calls for an incorporation of Crimea into Russia. The executive power is represented by the Council of Ministers , headed either by
473-485: Is based on tourism, agriculture (wines, fruits, wheat, rice and further crops), fishing, pearls, mining and natural resources (mainly iron, titanium, aluminium, manganese, calcite, sandstone, quartz and silicates, amethyst, other), metallurgical and steel industry, shipbuilding and repair, oil gas and petrochemical, chemical industry, electronics and devices machinery, instruments making, glass, electronics and electric parts devices, materials and building. After annexation of
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#1732880110352516-505: Is with mainland Ukraine, which continues to claim sovereignty over the peninsula, with a number of road and rail connections. These crossings have been under the control of Russian troops since at least mid-March 2014. Crimea has no land connection to Russia. In 2014–2019, Russia built the Crimean Bridge , a multibillion-dollar road–rail fixed link across the Kerch Strait. The link has been open for road traffic since 2018, and for rail traffic since 2019 (passenger) and 2020 (freight). During
559-653: The Crimean Peninsula The Republic of Crimea is a republic of Russia , comprising most of the Crimean Peninsula , but excluding Sevastopol . Its territory corresponds to the pre-2023 territory of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea , a de jure subdivision of Ukraine . Russia occupied and annexed the peninsula in 2014, although the annexation remains internationally unrecognized . The capital and largest city located within its borders
602-773: The Prime Minister of Crimea or by the Head of the Republic of Crimea . The authority and operation of the State Council and the Council of Ministers of Crimea are determined by the Constitution of the Republic of Crimea and other Crimean laws, as well as by regular decisions carried out by the Council. Crimeans who refused to take Russian citizenship are barred from holding government positions or municipal jobs. By July 2015, 20,000 Crimeans had renounced their Ukrainian citizenship. From
645-622: The Russian number system . In July 2015, Russian Prime Minister, Dmitry Medvedev , declared that Crimea had been fully integrated into Russia, similar statements were also expressed at the Russian Security Council. In July 2016, Crimea ceased to be a separate federal district of the Russian Federation and was included into the Southern federal district instead. Russia has since the annexation supported large migration into Crimea, and
688-576: The annexation of Crimea by Russia in 2014. The last election of parliament took place on 31 October 2010 (see 2010 Crimean parliamentary election ) and was won by the Party of Regions and the Communist Party of Ukraine . On 27 February 2014, unidentified armed men took over the parliament and hoisted the flag of Russia over it. On 15 March 2014 the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine officially dissolved
731-529: The wages of employees at budget-receiving organisations were to be paid out in rubles as well. On 29 March, the clocks in Crimea were moved forward to Moscow time . Also on 31 March, the Russian Foreign Ministry declared that foreign citizens visiting Crimea needed to apply for a visa to the Russian Federation at one of Russian diplomatic missions or its consulates. On 3 April 2014, Moscow sent
774-565: The 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine it became an important logistical link for Russian forces. In October 2022 it was badly damaged by an explosion . According to the Russian occupation authorities, the best result in life expectancy the Republic of Crimea had in 2019, it reached 72.71 years. But during two years the COVID-19 pandemic the region had one of the largest summary fall in life expectancy in Russia, and in 2021 it became 69.70 years (65.31 for males and 73.96 for females) According to
817-851: The Constitution of the Republic of Crimea: Article 10 According to the 2014 census by occupation authorities, 84% of Crimean inhabitants named Russian as their native language; 7.9% named Crimean Tatar ; 3.7% Tatar and 3.3% Ukrainian . The previous census was held more than decade ago in 2001, when Crimea was still controlled by Ukraine. According to the Republic of Crimea Ministry of Education, Science, and Youth, most primary and secondary school pupils have decided to study in Russian in 2015. Its Education Minister Natalia Goncharova announced mid-August 2014 that (since no parents of first-graders wrote an application for learning Ukrainian) Crimea had decided not to form Ukrainian language classes in its primary schools . Goncharova said that since more than
860-543: The Crimean Republic is its people, which constitutes to the multinational nation of the Russian Federation. It is noted that the supreme direct manifestation of the power of the people is referendum and free elections; seizure of power and appropriation of power authorization are unacceptable. On 1 June 2014, Crimea officially switched over to the Russian ruble as its only form of legal tender. On 7 May 2015, Crimea switched its phone codes ( Ukrainian number system ) to
903-496: The Krymskiye Izvestiya newspaper, becoming law on the publication date, the State Council of Crimea said. The Constitution consists of 10 chapters and 95 articles; its main regulations are analogous to the articles of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. The text proclaims the Republic of Crimea is a democratic, legal state within the Russian Federation and an equal subject of the Russian Federation. The source of power in
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#1732880110352946-670: The Office of the Federal State Statistics Service in Crimea and Sevastopol records as of 2021 since 2014 205,559 Russians have moved to Crimea. Ukrainian Ministry and Crimean Human Rights Group say the real number could unofficially be many times higher. On 31 March 2014, the Russian Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev announced a series of programmes aimed at swiftly incorporating the territory into Russia's economy and infrastructure . The creation of
989-507: The Republic of Crimea as a democratic state within the Russian Federation and declares both territories united and inseparable. The Crimean parliament would become smaller and have 75 members instead of the current 100. According to the Kommersant newspaper, the authorities, including the State Council chair Vladimir Konstantinov , unofficially promised that certain quotas would be reserved for Crimean Tatars in various government bodies. On
1032-404: The Republic of Crimea exercised its sovereign powers in seeking a merge with Russia". On 16 March 2014, according to the organizers of Crimean status referendum , a large majority (reported as 96.77% of the 81.36% of the population of Crimea who voted) voted in favour of independence of Crimea from Ukraine and joining Russia as a federal subject. The referendum was not recognized by most of
1075-475: The Russian SFSR in 1918 See also [ edit ] [REDACTED] Search for "Russian Crimea" on Misplaced Pages. Russian (disambiguation) Russia (disambiguation) Crimea (disambiguation) Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Russian Crimea . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change
1118-474: The United States condemned the vote as illegal. After the referendum, Crimean lawmakers formally voted both to secede from Ukraine and applied for their admission into Russia. The Sevastopol City Council, however, requested the port's separate admission as a federal city . On the same day Russia formally approved the draft treaty on absorption of the self-proclaimed Republic of Crimea, and on 18 March 2014
1161-633: The actual value; those which belonged to Ukrainian citizens, for example, PrivatBank owned by Ihor Kolomoyskyi or Ukrtelecom owned by Rinat Akhmetov , were expropriated without any reimbursement. The future of the nationalized enterprises is decided by the government. Reasons given for this were (among others) "the company helped to finance military operations against Donetsk People's Republic and Luhansk People's Republic " and "the resort complex illegally blocked public access to nearby park lands". The government can nationalise assets considered to have "particular social, cultural, or historical value". In
1204-485: The annexation, however the Ukrainian military began to withdraw from Crimea on 19 March, and by 26 March, Russia had acquired complete military control of Crimea, so the annexation was essentially complete. The post-annexation integration process started within days. On 24 March, the Russian ruble went into official circulation with parallel circulation of the Ukrainian hryvnia permitted until 1 January 2016, however, taxes and fees were to be paid in rubles only, and
1247-537: The case of the Zalyv Shipbuilding yard , Crimean "self-defense" forces stormed the company's headquarters to demand nationalization. Head of the Republic Sergey Aksyonov claimed that in at least one case "Employees established control of the enterprise on their own, we just helped them a little". The nationalization of Ihor Kolomoyskyi 's assets was, according to Aksyonov, "totally justified due to
1290-545: The city of Sevastopol "occupied territories". In 2021, Ukraine launched the Crimea Platform a diplomatic initiative aimed at protecting the rights of Crimean inhabitants and ultimately reversing the illegal annexation of Crimea. The State Council of Crimea is a legislative body with a 75-seat parliament. The polling held on 14 September 2014 resulted in United Russia securing 70 of the 75 members elected. Justice
1333-599: The fact that he is one of the initiators and financiers of the special anti-terrorist operation in the Eastern Ukraine where Russian citizens are being killed". Supreme Council of Crimea Verkhovna Rada of Crimea or the Supreme Council of Crimea , officially the Supreme Council of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea , was the Ukrainian legislative body for the Autonomous Republic of Crimea before
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1376-522: The international community and the reported results were disputed by numerous independent observers. The BBC reported that most of the Crimean Tatars that they interviewed were boycotting the vote. Reports from the UN criticised the circumstances surrounding the referendum, especially the presence of paramilitaries , self-defence groups and unidentifiable soldiers . The European Union, Canada, Japan and
1419-470: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Russian_Crimea&oldid=1225633267 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Republic of Crimea (Russia) in Russia (light yellow) in
1462-511: The peninsula now has to import most of its food from Russia. After the annexation, Russian Crimean authorities started nationalization of what they called strategically important enterprises, which included not only transportation and energy production enterprises, but also, for example, a wine factory in Massandra . The enterprises which belonged to Russian citizens were nationalized against financial reimbursement, which was, however, much lower than
1505-593: The peninsula's freshwater needs from the Dnieper river , the nation's main waterway. Development of new sources of water was undertaken, with huge difficulties, to replace closed Ukrainian sources. In 2022 , Russia conquered portions of Kherson Oblast, which allowed it to unblock the North Crimean canal by force, resuming water supply into Crimea. On 15 April 2014, the Ukrainian Parliament declared Crimea and
1548-514: The peninsula), and after a takeover of Crimea by Russian armed forces without insignias and pro-Russian separatists, the territory within weeks came under Russian effective control. To facilitate the annexation politically, on 6 March the Crimean parliament and the Sevastopol City Council announced a referendum on the issue of joining Russia. This referendum, the holding of which was
1591-526: The peninsula, Russia doubled payments to about 560,000 pensioners and 200,000 public workers (in Crimea). Those raises were cut back in April 2015. In June 2015 The Economist estimated that the average salary in Crimea was about two-thirds of the average salary in Russia. According to Russian statistics by March 2015 the inflation in Crimea was 80%. According to the Crimean authorities local food prices have grown 2.5 times since Russia's annexation. Since then
1634-503: The political process of annexation was formally concluded, with the self-proclaimed independent Republic of Crimea signing a treaty of accession to the Russian Federation. The accession was granted but separately for each the former regions that composed it: one accession for the Autonomous Republic of Crimea as the Republic of Crimea —the same name as the short-lived self-proclaimed independent republic—and another accession for Sevastopol as
1677-465: The same day, a new revision of the Russian Constitution was officially published, with the Republic of Crimea and the federal city of Sevastopol included in the list of federal subjects of the Russian Federation . On 12 April 2014, the Constitution of the Republic of Crimea , adopted at the session of the State Council on 11 April, entered into legal force. The constitution was published by
1720-584: The summer of 2015) of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) stated that the Republic of Crimea had the aim to "end the teaching of Ukrainian" by "pressure on school administrations, teachers, parents, and children". Religion in Crimea (2013) In 2013, before the Russian occupation, the majority of the Crimean population adhered to the Orthodox Church , with the Crimean Tatars forming
1763-562: The time of Russia's annexation until October 2016, more than 8,800 Crimean residents received Ukrainian passports . On 18 September 2016, the whole of Crimea participated in the Russian legislative election . The Republic of Crimea continues to use the administrative divisions previously used by the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and is thus subdivided into 25 regions: 14 districts ( raions ) and 11 city municipalities ( gorodskoj sovet or gorsovet ), officially known as territories governed by city councils . Crimea's only land boundary
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1806-489: The time the referendum was held. On 11 March 2014, the Crimean parliament and the Sevastopol City Council jointly issued a letter of intent to unilaterally declare independence from Ukraine in the event of a "Yes" vote in the upcoming referendum, citing the " Kosovo precedent " in the lead part. The envisaged process was so designed to allow Russia to claim that "it did not annex Crimea from Ukraine, rather
1849-554: Was provided for by cutting export duties on the gas, money that would have gone into the Russian state budget. The Kremlin explained that because the base was no longer located in Ukraine, the discount was no longer legally justifiable. Crimea and the city of Sevastopol became part of Russia's Southern Military District . On 11 April 2014, the parliament of Crimea approved a new constitution , with 88 out of 100 lawmakers voting in favor of its adoption. The new constitution confirms
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