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43-618: Australian Community Media ( ACM ) is a media company in Australia responsible for over 160 regional publications. Its mastheads include the Canberra Times , Newcastle Herald , The Examiner , The Border Mail , The Courier and the Illawarra Mercury along with more than one hundred community-based websites across Australia and numerous agricultural publications including The Land and Queensland Country Life . The entity

86-505: A free content work. Licensed under CC BY SA 3.0 IGO ( license statement/permission ). Text taken from World Trends in Freedom of Expression and Media Development Global Report 2017/2018​ , 202, UNESCO. Howard Rheingold Howard Rheingold (born 1947) is an American critic, writer, and teacher, known for his specialties on the cultural, social and political implications of modern communication media such as

129-532: A 13.5 per cent stake in the merged entity. This was just short of a controlling interest, but gave Fairfax a potential blocking stake if Publishing & Broadcasting Limited , News Corporation , the Seven Network or a private equity raider embarked on a hostile takeover, as had been widely anticipated following the Federal Parliament's passage of new media laws on October 18, 2006. The merger with Fairfax

172-475: A change in which people communicate with others as well as receive information. About 53% use social media to read/watch the news. Many people use the information specifically from social media influencers to understand more about a topic, business, or organization. Social media has now been made part of everyday news production for journalists around the world. Not only does social media provide more connection between readers and journalists, but it also cultivates

215-451: A communication method to aid in scientific research and create interaction. The narrative, layout, and gaming features all share a relationship that can deliver meaning and value that make games an innovative communication tool. Research-focused games showed a connection towards a greater usage of dialogue within the science community as players had the opportunity to address issues with a game with themselves and scientists. This helped to push

258-441: A decrease in diversity of content and views in certain countries due to actions made against broadcasters by states via their licensing authorities. This can have an impact on competition and may lead to an excessive concentration of power with potential influence on public opinion. Examples include the failure to renew or retain licenses for editorially critical media, reducing the regulator's competences and mandates for action, and

301-563: A frequent contributor to the Connected Learning Alliance blog on topics ranging from new media literacy to learning innovation. Rheingold lives in Mill Valley , California , with his wife Judy and daughter Mamie. In an entry on his video blog, he provides a tour of the converted garage that became a "dream office" and an "externalization of [his] mind" where Rheingold absorbs information, writes, and creates art. He contributed

344-477: A lack of due process in the adoption of regulatory decisions. Governments worldwide have sought to extend regulation to internet companies, whether connectivity providers or application service providers , and whether domestically or foreign-based. The impact on journalistic content can be severe, as internet companies can err too much on the side of caution and take down news reports, including algorithmically, while offering inadequate opportunities for redress to

387-418: A method to prevent the concentration of media ownership. Licensing has been criticized for an alleged lack of transparency . Regulatory authorities in certain countries have been accused of exhibiting political bias in favor of the government or ruling party, which has resulted in some prospective broadcasters being denied licenses or being threatened with license withdrawal. As a consequence, there has been

430-400: A range of Australian classified advertising websites, and Australian commercial printing plants. On 6 December 2006, it was announced that Rural Press and John Fairfax would merge to form a new company estimated in value at $ 12 billion. Under the deal, the family company of Rural Press chairman John   B. Fairfax (who did not have an interest in the company bearing his family's name) took

473-430: A sense of belonging through the screen. Gaming is an activity shared amongst others regardless of age, allowing for a diverse group of players to connect and enjoy their favorite games with. This helps with creating or maintaining relationships: friendships, family, or a significant other. As with most interactive media content, games have ratings to assist in choosing appropriate games regarding younger audiences. This

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516-621: A story is genuine or not. There have also been broader initiatives bringing together a variety of donors and actors to promote fact-checking and news literacy , such as the News Integrity Initiative at the City University of New York 's School of Journalism. This 14 million USD investment by groups including the Ford Foundation and Facebook was launched in 2017 so its full impact remains to be seen. It will, however, complement

559-428: A support for media freedom and development organizations by intergovernmental organizations such as UNESCO and non-governmental organizations . There has been a continued trend of establishing self-regulatory bodies, such as press councils, in conflict and post-conflict situations. Major internet companies have responded to pressure by governments and the public by elaborating self-regulatory and complaints systems at

602-546: Is a successful private webconferencing community for knowledgeable, intellectual, civil, and future-thinking adults from all over the world. In 2002, Rheingold published Smart Mobs , exploring the potential for technology to augment collective intelligence . Shortly thereafter, in conjunction with the Institute for the Future , Rheingold launched an effort to develop a broad-based literacy of cooperation. In 2008, Rheingold became

645-792: Is being spread.  Instagram works with these fact checkers to ensure that no false information is being spread around the site. Instagram started this work in 2019, following Facebook with the idea as they started fact checking in 2016. Developments in telecommunications has provided media the ability to conduct long-distance communication via analog and digital media: Modern communication media includes long-distance exchanges between larger numbers of people ( many-to-many communication via email , Internet forums , and telecommunications ports ). Traditional broadcast media and mass media favor one-to-many communication (television, cinema , radio, newspaper , magazines , and social media ). Electronic Media, specifically social media has become one of

688-576: Is believed to influence children's attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors. The usage and consumption of gaming has tremendously increased within the last decade with estimates of around 2.3 billion people from around the world playing digital and online video games. The growth rate for the global market for gaming was expected to grow 6.2% towards 2020. Areas like Latin America had a 20.1% increase, Asia-Pacific - 9.2%, North America - 4.0%, and Europe -11.7%. Studies show that digital and online gaming can be used as

731-403: Is done by ESRB ratings and consists of the following: E for Everyone, E for Everyone 10+, T for Teen, and M for Mature 17+. Whenever a new game is released, it is reviewed by associations to determine a suitable rating so younger audiences do not consume harmful or inappropriate content. With these ratings it helps the risks and effects of gaming on younger audiences because the exposure of media

774-592: The Australian Securities Exchange with Fairfax Holdings having a 51% shareholding. By the mid-2000s, Rural Press owned approximately 170 newspaper and magazine titles, the Canberra Times being the most prominent. These were predominantly in rural Australia, though it also owned a number of agricultural publications in the United States and New Zealand . It also owned radio stations in regional Queensland , South Australia and Western Australia ,

817-441: The Institute of Noetic Sciences and Xerox PARC . There he worked on and wrote about the earliest personal computers. This led to his writing Tools for Thought in 1985, a history of the people behind the personal computer. Around that time he first logged on to The WELL – an influential early online community. He explored the experience in his seminal book, The Virtual Community . Also in 1985, Rheingold coauthored Out of

860-801: The Internet , mobile telephony and virtual communities . Rheingold was born on July 7, 1947, in Phoenix , Arizona . He graduated from Reed College in Portland , Oregon, in 1968. His senior thesis was entitled What Life Can Compare with This? Sitting Alone at the Window, I Watch the Flowers Bloom, the Leaves Fall, the Seasons Come and Go . A lifelong fascination with mind augmentation and its methods led Rheingold to

903-696: The Lascaux cave paintings and early writing, as early forms of media. Another framing of the history of media starts with the Chauvet Cave paintings and continues with other ways to carry human communication beyond the short range of voice: smoke signals , trail markers , and sculpture . In its modern application, the term media is relating to communication channels was first used by Canadian communications theorist Marshall McLuhan , who stated in Counterblast (1954): "The media are not toys; they should not be in

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946-474: The United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights , impacts on the presence of independent journalism by defining the limits of what should or should not be carried and prioritized in the most popular digital spaces. Public pressure on technology giants has motivated the development of new strategies aimed not only at identifying ' fake news ', but also at eliminating some of

989-403: The radio frequency spectrum was public property . This prohibited private organizations from owning any portion of the spectrum. A broadcast license is typically given to broadcasters by communications regulators, allowing them to broadcast on a certain frequency and typically in a specific geographical location. Licensing is done by regulators in order to manage a broadcasting medium and as

1032-662: The Inner Circle: A Hacker's Guide to Computer Security with former hacker Bill Landreth . In 1991, he published Virtual Reality: Exploring the Brave New Technologies of Artificial Experience and Interactive Worlds from Cyberspace to Teledildonics . After a stint editing the Whole Earth Review , Rheingold served as editor in chief of the Millennium Whole Earth Catalog . Shortly thereafter, he

1075-634: The access of programmers to satellite transponders in parts of the Western Europe , North America , the Arab region and in Asia and the Pacific . The Arab Satellite Broadcasting Charter was an example of efforts to bring formal standards and some regulatory authority to bear on what is transmitted, but it appears to not have been implemented. Self-regulation is expressed as a preferential system by journalists but also as

1118-451: The affected news producers. In Western Europe , self-regulation provides an alternative to state regulatory authorities. In such contexts, newspapers have historically been free of licensing and regulation, and there has been repeated pressure for them to self-regulate or at least to have in-house ombudsmen . However, it has often been difficult to establish meaningful self-regulatory entities. In many cases, self-regulations exists in

1161-450: The case of requests from governments. At the same time, however, the study signaled a number of companies that have become more opaque when it comes to disclosing how they enforce their own terms of service, in restricting certain types of content and account. State governments can also use "Fake news" in order to spread propaganda. In addition to responding to pressure for more clearly defined self-regulatory mechanisms, and galvanized by

1204-758: The closures on Meta Platforms not renewing its $ 200m three-year deal with local newspaper publishers. ACM is represented in Victoria by "The Mighty V" and the Victorian Country Press Association (VCPA) Media (communication) The development of early writing and paper enabling longer-distance communication systems such as mail , including in the Persian Empire ( Chapar Khaneh and Angarium ) and Roman Empire , can be interpreted as early forms of media. Writers such as Howard Rheingold have framed early forms of human communication, such as

1247-470: The debates over so-called 'fake news', internet companies such as Facebook have launched campaigns to educate users about how to more easily distinguish between 'fake news' and real news sources. Ahead of the United Kingdom national election in 2017 , for example, Facebook published a series of advertisements in newspapers with 'Tips for Spotting False News' which suggested 10 things that might signal whether

1290-665: The first research fellow at the Institute for the Future, with which he had long been affiliated. Rheingold is a visiting lecturer in Stanford University 's Department of Communication where he has taught courses such as "Digital Journalism", "Virtual Communities and Social Media", and "Social Media Literacies". He is a former lecturer in UC Berkeley 's School of Information where he taught "Virtual Communities and Social Media" and "Participatory Media/Collective Action". He has been

1333-801: The hands of Mother Goose and Peter Pan executives. They can be entrusted only to new artists because they are art forms." By the mid-1960s, the term had spread to general use in North America and the United Kingdom. According to H. L. Mencken , the phrase mass media was used as early as 1923 in the United States. The term medium (the singular form of media ) is defined as "one of the means or channels of general communication, information, or entertainment in society, as newspapers, radio, or television." The role of regulatory authorities (license broadcaster institutions, content providers , platforms) and

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1376-491: The individual company level, using principles they have developed under the framework of the Global Network Initiative . The Global Network Initiative has grown to include several large telecom companies alongside internet companies such as Google , Facebook and others, as well as civil society organizations and academics. The European Commission 's 2013 publication, ICT Technology Sector Guide on Implementing

1419-706: The offerings of other networks such as the International Fact-Checking Network launched by the Poynter Institute in 2015 which seeks to outline the parameters of the field. Instagram has also created a way to potentially expose "fake news" that is posted on the site. After looking into the site, it seemed as more than a place for political memes, but a weaponized platform, instead of the creative space it used to be. Since that, Instagram has started to put warning labels on certain stories or posts if third-party fact checkers believe that false information

1462-448: The original journalists. ACM's origins can be traced back to The Land , founded in Sydney in 1911. In subsequent decades, The Land acquired various other community newspapers. In September 1970, John Fairfax acquired a 25% shareholding. In 1981, the company was renamed Rural Press. In 1985, John Fairfax increased its shareholding from 25% to 45%. In March 1989, Rural Press was listed on

1505-671: The participation and community amongst technical communicators and their audiences, clients, and stakeholders. The gaming community has grown exponentially, and about 63% have taken to playing with others, whether online or in-person. Players online will communicate through the system of microphone applicability either through the game or a third party application such as Discord . The improvements upon connectivity and software allowed for players online to keep in touch and game instantaneously, disregarding location almost entirely. With online gaming platforms it has been noted that they support diverse social gaming communities allowing players to feel

1548-463: The resistance to political and commercial interference in the autonomy of the media sector are both considered as significant components of media independence . In order to ensure media independence, regulatory authorities should be placed outside of governments' directives. This can be measured through legislation, agency statutes and rules. In the United States, the Radio Act of 1927 established that

1591-521: The shadow of state regulation, and is conscious of the possibility of state intervention . In many countries in Central and Eastern Europe , self-regulatory structures seems to be lacking or have not historically been perceived as efficient and effective. The rise of satellite channels that delivered directly to viewers, or through cable or online systems, renders much larger the sphere of unregulated programing. There are, however, varying efforts to regulate

1634-712: The structural causes of their emergence and proliferation. Facebook has created new buttons for users to report content they believe is false, following previous strategies aimed at countering hate speech and harassment online . These changes reflect broader transformations occurring among tech giants to increase their transparency. As indicated by the Ranking Digital Rights Corporate Accountability Index, most large internet companies have reportedly become relatively more forthcoming in terms of their policies about transparency in regard to third party requests to remove or access content, especially in

1677-449: The top forms of media that people use in the twenty-first century. The percent of people that use social media and social networking outlets rose dramatically from 5% in 2005 to 79% in 2019. Instagram , Twitter , Pinterest , Tiktok , and Facebook are the most commonly used social media platforms. The average time that an individual spends on social media is 2.5 hours a day. This exponential increase of social media has additionally caused

1720-493: The understanding of how gaming and players can help advance scientific research via communication through games. A vBook is an eBook that is digital first media with embedded video , images , graphs , tables , text , and other useful media. E-Book An E-book combines reading and listening media interaction. It is compact and can store a large amount of data which has made them very popular in classrooms. [REDACTED]  This article incorporates text from

1763-721: Was completed on 8 May 2007. Papers from Rural Press were published under the Fairfax Regional Media brand, which later became Australian Community Media. Fairfax Media merged with Nine Entertainment in December 2018 and Nine sold ACM to Antony Catalano and Alex Waislitz in April 2019. ACM closed the Blayney Chronicle and Oberon Review in August 2024 and then a month later announced plans to shutter another eight papers. The company blamed

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1806-512: Was formerly owned by Fairfax Media prior to its merger with Nine Entertainment in 2018. In April 2019, Nine sold the business to former chief executive of real estate platform Domain Antony Catalano and billionaire Alex Waislitz . In May 2024, one of the lawyers employed by ACM became associated with a plagiarism scandal involving the use of AI. It was discovered that articles from other publications had been rewritten, but not attributed to

1849-412: Was hired on as founding executive editor of HotWired , one of the first commercial content web sites published in 1994 by Wired magazine. Rheingold left HotWired and soon founded Electric Minds in 1996 to chronicle and promote the growth of community online. Despite accolades, the site was sold and scaled back in 1997. In 1998, he created his next virtual community, Brainstorms, which, as of 2024,

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