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13-468: Ruppia , also known as the widgeonweeds , ditch grasses or widgeon grass , is the only extant genus in the family Ruppiaceae , with eight known species. These are aquatic plants widespread over much of the world. The genus name honours Heinrich Bernhard Rupp , a German botanist (1688–1719). They are widespread outside of frigid zones and the tropics. The leaf is simple and not rhizomatous . They can be annual (commonly) or perennial (rarely); stem growth

26-436: A flora about plants around Jena and part of Thuringia . He published the two first parts but his work is finished after his death by Albrecht von Haller (1708-1777). Carl von Linné (1707-1778) gave tribute to him with the creation of the genus Ruppia of the family Ruppiaceae . This article about a German botanist is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Chloroplast capture From Misplaced Pages,

39-661: A coalescent approach to hybridization. Evolution 54: 1218–1233 ^ Whittemore, A. T., Schaal, B. A. (1991) Interspecific gene flow in sympatric oaks . PNAS 88: 2540-2544 ^ Ito, Y., T. Ohi-Toma, J. Murata, and Nr. Tanaka (2013) Comprehensive phylogenetic analyses of the Ruppia maritima complex focusing on taxa from the Mediterranean . Journal of Plant Research 126(6): 753-62. ^ Soltis, D. E. , P. S. Soltis , T. G. Collier, and M. L. Edgerton. 1991. Chloroplast DNA variation within and among genera of

52-465: Is polysiphonous and its grains are three-celled and nonaperturate. The gynoecium (2–)4(−16) is superior, carpelled, and euapocarpous. The carpel is not stylate, apically stigmatic with the stigma peltate, or umbonate. These flowers only present one ovule pendulous, nonarillate, campylotropous, bitegmic, and crassinucellate. The placentation is apical and embryo-sac development is of the polygonum type. Before fertilization, they fuse polar nuclei. The fruit

65-832: Is conspicuously sympodial , but sometimes is not. These species are adapted to be in brackish water (and salt marshes). The leaves are small or medium-sized. Their disposition can be alternate, opposite, or whorled (usually alternate except when subtending an inflorescence). Even, lamina keep entire and are setaceous or linear. The leaf just shows one vein without cross-venules. Stomata are not present. The mesophyll leaks calcium oxalate crystals. The minor leaf veins do not present phloem transfer cells and leaks vessels. These plants have stems without secondary thickening and xylem without vessels. The sieve-tube plastids are P-type. The root xylem does not present vessels. These plants are hermaphroditic, with anemophilous or hydrophilous pollination. The flowers are ebracteate, small, and regular. Commonly,

78-550: Is drupaceous and fleshy, forming an aggregate. The fruiting carpel is indehiscent, commonly on a long, spirally twisted peduncle, with each drupelet becoming very long-stalked. The fruit contains one nonendospermic seed with starch. The embryo can be straight or slightly curved. Membranous testa do not have phytomelan. The Cronquist system of 1981 placed the family in order Najadales of subclass Alismatidae in class Liliopsida [=monocotyledons] in division Magnoliophyta [=angiosperms]. The APG II system of 2003 (unchanged from

91-497: The APG system of 1998) does recognize such a family and places it in the order Alismatales , in the clade monocots . According to the AP-Website the family is doubtfully distinct from the family Cymodoceaceae : the plants in the three families Cymodoceaceae , Posidoniaceae , and Ruppiaceae form a monophyletic group. A genus-level taxonomy was briefly revised by Zhao and Wu, including

104-615: The Wayback Machine . Evolutionary Trends in Plants 5: 65-84 ^ Terry RG, Nowak RS, Tausch (2000) Genetic variation in chloroplast and nuclear ribosomal DNA in Utah juniper ( Juniperus osteosperma, Cupressaceae): evidence for interspecific gene flow. American Journal of Botany 87: 250-258 ^ Matos, J. A. and B. A. Schaal. 2000. Chloroplast evolution in the Pinus montezumae complex:

117-875: The 2nd hybrid (F2) with chloroplast genome b and nuclear genome A (75%) and B (25%); 3) species A's pollen again backcrosses to F2's ovule , yielding the 3rd hybrid (F3) with chloroplast genome b and nuclear genome A (87.5%) and B (12.5%); 4) after further backcross generations, a plant is obtained with the new genetic combination (chloroplast genome b and nuclear genome AA ). Known cases of chloroplast capture [ edit ] Gymnosperm [ edit ] Juniperus ( Cupressaceae ) Pinus ( Pinaceae ) Angiosperm [ edit ] Quercus ( Fagaceae ) Ruppia ( Ruppiaceae ) Heuchera ( Saxifragaceae ) References [ edit ] ^ Rieseberg. L. H. and Soltis, D. E. (1991) Phylogenetic consequences of cytoplasmic gene flow in plants Archived 2010-09-28 at

130-554: The flowers are aggregated in ‘inflorescences’, but sometimes they are solitary. Often, they grow in racemes, spikes, or umbels. The scapiflorous inflorescences are terminal, in short spikes, or subumbelliform racemes, sometimes one- or few-flowered. They do not have hypogynous disks. These flowers do not have perianth absent, except when small staminal appendages are regarded as perianth segments. The androecial members are all equal. The androecium just presents two fertile stamens with sessile anthers dehiscing by longitudinal slits. The pollen

143-461: The following species in the world: Marine grasses families: Zosteraceae , Cymodoceaceae , Ruppiaceae and Posidoniaceae . Related families: Potamogetonaceae , Zannichelliaceae (not consistently). The first molecular phylogeny of the monogeneric family discerned three distinct species, R . tuberosa , R . megacarpa , and R . polycarpa , and one species complex comprising six lineages. The species complex, named R . maritima complex,

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156-555: The 💕 Chloroplast capture is an evolutionary process through which inter-species hybridization and subsequent backcrosses yield a plant with new genetic combination of nuclear and chloroplast genomes. For instance: 1) species A's (having chloroplast genome a and nuclear genome AA ) pollen hybridizes to species B's ( b and BB ) ovule , yielding the 1st hybrid (F1) with chloroplast genome b and nuclear genome A (50%) and B (50%); 2) species A's pollen hybridizes ( backcross ) to F1's ovule , yielding

169-711: Was later updated as a group of eight lineages. These studies revealed that multiple hybridization and polyploidy events as well as chloroplast capture have occurred in the evolution of the genus. These plants present an anatomy non-C4 type. Seven labdanes have been identified from this genus: Three steroids have been also isolated: Heinrich Bernhard Ruppius He first studied medicine in 1704 and met then Johann Jacob Dillenius (1684-1747). He first studied in Iena in 1711, then in Leiden in 1712 then back in Jena in 1713. Rupp wrote

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