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62-517: The town is nationally known for its fortress , which in 2023 attracted around 100,000 tourists. Additionally, 11 km from the town runs Via Transilvanica , the most important and longest hiking and endurance trail in Romania, and 13 km away lies the rural site of Viscri , which is included in the UNESCO World Heritage. The current local council has the following political composition, based on

124-414: A Lutheran chapel, soberly decorated in typical Protestant style. The Lower fortress was built starting in the 18th century. From this period dates the house of the fortress's watchman (1850) and the magazine, built in the early 19th century. Rupea Fortress has the form of an ascending spiral ( snail shell ). In the 1990s, Rupea Fortress was in ruins. Local authorities decided to seek EU funds for

186-519: A brief period during the latter decades of the 18th century. In 1850, the town had 21,782 inhabitants: 8,874 (40.7%) Germans, 8,727 (40%) Romanians, 2,939 (13.4%) Hungarians. In 1910 there were 41,056 inhabitants: 17,831 (43.4%) Hungarians, 11,786 (28.7%) Romanians, 10,841 (26.4%) Germans. On 29 August 1916, during the First World War , the Romanian Army occupied Brașov. Romanian troops entered

248-501: A feasibility study for the construction of a rail line (8 km) which would connect the airport to the Brașov railway station . With its central location, Brașov is a suitable location from which to explore Romania, and the distances to several tourist destinations (including the Black Sea resorts, the monasteries in northern Moldavia, and the wooden churches of Maramureș ) are similar. It

310-521: A further 200 refugees came from Ploiești . In August 1942, 850 Jews between the ages of 18 and 50 were drafted into labour battalions and ordered to work in Brașov, while others were sent to Predeal and Bran . In spring 1943, 250 youths were sent to Suraia camp to build fortifications. By August 1944, the labour battalions were reduced to 250-300 while most of the Jews managed to obtain their freedom. In 1945–1946,

372-453: A severe storm that destroyed its roof. After that, the fortress was left in ruins, although Rupea became a major Saxon cultural center in the interwar period. During the Communist regime, the authorities planned the demolition of the fortress to exploit the basalt that forms the hill. The last attempt to restore the fortress dates back to 1954, but the idea was abandoned. In the early 1990s,

434-518: A significant Romanian and Bulgarian population (living in the Șchei district), and also some Hungarian population (living in the Blumăna district). The cultural and religious importance of the Romanian church and school in Șchei is underlined by the generous donations received from more than thirty hospodars of Moldavia and Wallachia, as well as that from Elizabeth of Russia . In the 17th and 19th centuries,

496-468: Is George Scripcaru from the National Liberal Party (PNL). The Brașov Local Council, elected at the 2024 Romanian local elections , is made up of 27 counselors, with the following party composition: The Brașov local transport network has 44 urban bus and trolleybus lines and 19 metropolitan bus lines. There are also regular bus lines serving Poiana Brașov , a nearby winter resort and part of

558-586: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Rupea Fortress Rupea Fortress ( Romanian : Cetatea Rupea , German : Burg Reps , Hungarian : Kőhalmi vár ) is a medieval fortress built by Transylvanian Saxons in the Kingdom of Hungary and first mentioned by a 1324 document. It is situated on a 120 m high basalt cliff, to the west of the Transylvanian town of Rupea in Romania . The fortress

620-478: Is a city in Transylvania , Romania and the county seat (i.e. administrative centre ) of Brașov County . According to the 2021 census , with 237,589 inhabitants, Brașov is the 6th most populous city in Romania. The metropolitan area was home to 371,802 residents. Brașov is located in the central part of the country, about 166 km (103 mi) north of Bucharest and 380 km (236 mi) from

682-687: Is a reference to the St. Catherine's Monastery. Others suggest the name derives from the old coat of arms of the city, as it is symbolized by the German name Kronstadt meaning "Crown City". The two names of the city, Kronstadt and Corona , were used simultaneously in the Middle Ages , along with the Medieval Latin Brassovia . Another historical name used for Brașov is Stephanopolis , from "Stephanos", crown, and "polis", city. On 22 August 1950, Brașov

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744-464: Is also a large brewery. Brașov has a humid continental climate ( Köppen climate classification : Dfb ). Brașov has a total population of 237,589 ( 2021 census ). Its ethnic composition includes (as of 2011): In 2005, the Brașov metropolitan area was created. With its surrounding localities, Brașov had 371,802 inhabitants as of 2021 . Brașov is administered by a mayor and a local council. The current mayor of Brașov (starting October 21, 2024)

806-497: Is also the largest city in a mountain resorts area. The old city is very well preserved and is best seen by taking the cable-car to the top of Tâmpa Mountain. Temperatures from May to September fluctuate around 23 °C (73 °F). Brașov benefits from a winter tourism season centred on winter sports and other activities. Poiana Brașov is the most popular Romanian ski resort and an important tourist centre preferred by many tourists from other European states. The city ranks on

868-416: Is built in four concentric wards: Upper fortress ( Romanian : Cetatea de sus , ward I), Middle fortress ( Romanian : Cetatea de mijloc , wards II and III) and Lower fortress ( Romanian : Cetatea de jos , ward IV). Each is characterized by a particular belt of brickwork, corresponding to the era of its construction, marked by the evolution of weapons, siege techniques, or level of development of

930-405: Is located on DN13, 70 km from Brașov , on the road to Sighișoara . Following a period of restoration from 2010 to 2013, the fortress had over 10,000 monthly visitors by 2014. The name Rupea comes from Latin rupes meaning "cliff", or "cleft stone". The name under which the fortress was first mentioned in a 1324 document is castrum Kuholm , Kuholm referring to the rock on which it

992-467: Is the first airport to be developed in post-communist Romania, and the 17th commercial airport in the country. The contract for the construction of the main terminal building, with a total area of 11,780 m (126,799 sq ft), was awarded to the Romanian contractor Bog'Art Bucharest and was signed on 21 August 2019. Construction works for the passenger terminal started on 17 March 2020 and the first commercial flight took place on June 15, 2023. CFR announced

1054-481: The 2021 census , Rupea had a population of 4,907; of those, 63.93% were Romanians , 14.39% Hungarians , 9.86% Roma , and 1.06% Germans (more specifically Transylvanian Saxons ). At the 2011 census , 71.6% of the 5,269 inhabitants were Romanians, 19.5% Hungarians, 7.1% Roma, and 1.7% Germans. Rupea has a humid continental climate ( Cfb in the Köppen climate classification ). This Brașov County location article

1116-576: The Black Sea . It is surrounded by the Southern Carpathians and is part of the historical region of Transylvania . Historically, the city was the centre of the Burzenland ( Romanian : Țara Bârsei ), once dominated by the Transylvanian Saxons ( German : Siebenbürger Sachsen ), and a significant commercial hub on the trade roads between Austria (then Archduchy of Austria , within

1178-465: The Habsburg armies without armed resistance. From the 13th through the 17th century, the fortress expanded as a result of population growth, which led to the final outline comprising three baileys . During the plague of 1716, the fortress was used as a refuge for those who were not affected by the disease. In 1788 as a refuge against Turkish invasion. The fortress was finally abandoned in 1790 after

1240-409: The Habsburg monarchy , and subsequently Austrian Empire ) and Turkey (then Ottoman Empire ). It is also where the national anthem of Romania was first sung. According to Dragoș Moldovanu, the name of Brașov came from the name of local river named Bârsa (also pronounced as "Bărsa") that was adopted by Slavs and transformed to Barsa, and later to Barsov, finally to Brasov. According to Pál Binder,

1302-566: The Hungarian border near Oradea . Founded most likely between the 12th and 13th centuries (see terra Daraus in the Diploma Andreanum , 1224), with the regional legal reorganisation, Rupea developed at the foot of the fortress , which in the past was an important defensive strategic point for the Saxon administration in southern Transylvania and hosted a seat of justice. Administratively, from

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1364-583: The Neolithic age (about 9500 BCE). Archaeologists working from the last half of the 19th century discovered continuous traces of human settlements in areas situated in Brașov: Valea Cetății, Pietrele lui Solomon, Șprenghi, Tâmpa, Dealul Melcilor, and Noua. The first three locations show traces of Dacian citadels; Șprenghi Hill housed a Roman -style construction. The last two locations had their names applied to Bronze Age cultures — Schneckenberg ("Hill of

1426-651: The Priest's room , but these are very difficult to identify nowadays . The Middle fortress was built in the 15th century and was enlarged in the 18th century. Here can be identified the Tower with Bars ( Romanian : Turnul cu Gratii ), the Chapel and another pentagonal tower, gateway to the middle fortress, which is unique in Europe . The chapel is a large building, its last known restoration in 1718. It had multiple roles, including that of

1488-687: The Teutonic Knights fortified the Burzenland to defend the border of the Kingdom of Hungary . On the site of the village of Brașov, the Teutonic Knights built Kronstadt – 'the City of the Crown'. Although the crusaders were evicted by 1225, the colonists they brought in long ago remained, along with local population in three distinct settlements they founded on the site of Brașov: Germans living in Brașov were mainly involved in trade and crafts. The location of

1550-561: The "Brașov Challenge Cup" tennis competition is held. Colțea Brașov was the football champion in 1928, managing a second place in 1927, in its only 10 years of existence (1921–1931). It was succeeded by Brașovia Brașov . Between 17 and 22 February 2013, the city hosted the 2013 European Youth Winter Olympic Festival . As of 2012 , Brașov is hosting two trail semi-marathons: the Semimaraton Intersport Brașov (held in April) and

1612-785: The Brașov International Marathon (held in April or May). In November 2013, Brașov submitted their bid for the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics . They were up against Lausanne , Switzerland to be awarded the event. In December that year, the city was signed the Youth Olympic Game Candidature Procedure. The host city was to be announced in July 2015, in which Lausanne was selected. • Under construction • Sala Polivalentă (10,059 capacity) - under construction multi-purpose 10,059-seat indoor arena The city of Brașov

1674-502: The Communist era, with special emphasis being placed on heavy industry , attracting many workers from other parts of the country. Heavy industry is still abundant, including Roman , which manufactures MAN AG trucks as well as native-designed trucks and coaches. Although the industrial base has been in decline in recent years, Brașov is still a site for manufacturing hydraulic transmissions, auto parts, ball-bearings, construction materials, hand tools, furniture, textiles and shoe-wear. There

1736-560: The Jewish population increased to 3500. Like many other cities in Transylvania, Brașov is also home to a significant ethnic Hungarian minority . During the communist period, industrial development was vastly accelerated. Under Nicolae Ceaușescu 's rule, the city was the site of the 1987 Brașov strike . This was brutally repressed by the authorities and resulted in numerous workers being imprisoned. Industrial development in Brașov started in

1798-428: The Romanian state. Brașov was permanently occupied by Romanian forces on 7 December, as Hungarians gradually withdrew northwards. The King and some Transylvanians suggested that - because of Brașov's central geographical location in the new Romania - it should be considered as the new national capital. Though this did not happen - the inter-war period was a time of flourishing economy and cultural life in general, including

1860-619: The Romanians in Șchei campaigned for national, political, and cultural rights, and were supported in their efforts by Romanians from all other provinces, as well as by the local Greek merchant community. In 1838, they established the first Romanian language newspaper Gazeta Transilvaniei and the first Romanian institutions of higher education: Școlile Centrale Greco-Ortodoxe ("The Greek-Orthodox Central Schools", today named after Andrei Șaguna ). The Holy Roman Emperor and sovereign of Transylvania Joseph II awarded Romanians citizenship rights for

1922-572: The Saxons in Brașov. However, at the end of World War II many ethnic Germans were forcibly deported to the Soviet Union . A majority of them emigrated to West Germany after Romania had become a communist country . The first Jewish community in Brașov was established in 1828, joining the Neolog association in 1868. Orthodox Jews founded their religious organization in 1877. The Neolog synagogue, seating 800,

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1984-659: The Snails"; Early Bronze Age) and Noua ("The New"; Late Bronze Age). Transylvanian Saxons played a decisive role in Brașov's development and were invited by Hungarian kings to develop towns, build mines, and cultivate the land of Transylvania at different stages between 1141 and 1300. The settlers came primarily from the Rhineland , Flanders , and the Moselle region, with others from Thuringia , Bavaria , Wallonia , and even France. In 1211, by order of King Andrew II of Hungary ,

2046-575: The city at around five o'clock p.m. and paraded towards the city square. Romanian rule over the city lasted until early October, when the area was retaken by the Central Powers in the Battle of Brassó (7-9 October 1916). The Romanian mayor installed during the brief Romanian occupation was Gheorghe Baiulescu. His term lasted from 29 August, when the city was occupied by the Romanian Army, until 8 October –

2108-502: The city at the intersection of trade routes linking the Ottoman Empire and Western Europe , together with certain tax exemptions, allowed Saxon merchants to obtain considerable wealth and exert a strong political influence. They contributed a great deal to the architectural flavour of the city. Fortifications around the city were erected and continually expanded, with several towers maintained by different craftsmen's guilds, according to

2170-493: The city of Brașov, and the Brașov-Ghimbav International Airport. All are operated by RAT Brașov . Because of its central location, the Brașov railway station is one of the busiest stations in Romania with trains to/from most destinations in the country served by rail. The Brașov-Ghimbav International Airport is an international airport located in nearby Ghimbav , right by the future A3 motorway . It

2232-453: The city. During the communist period, universiades and Daciads were held, where local sportsmen were obliged to participate. Nowadays, the infrastructure of the city allows other sports to be practiced, such as football, rugby, tennis, cycling, handball, gliding, skiing, skating, mountain climbing, paintball, bowling, swimming, target shooting, basketball, martial arts, equestrian, volleyball or gymnastics. Annually, at "Olimpia" sports ground,

2294-473: The code BV-II-a-A-11769. Rupea Fortress is 65 km from Brașov , built on a basalt massive, in the Cohalm Hill–Basalts of Rupea geological reserve. It is a Fliehburg , a fortified place of refuge for the population of nearby settlements, with four areas reinforced with polygonal towers. The fortress was modified over time, by adding two interior courtyards and three defense towers. The fortress

2356-403: The company was renamed Uzina Tractorul Brașov known internationally as Universal Tractor Brașov. A big part of the factory was demolished during 2013 and 2014 giving way to buildings, shopping mall and recreation parks. Aircraft manufacturing resumed in 1968 at first under the name ICA and then under its old name of IAR at a new location in nearby Ghimbav . Industrialization was accelerated in

2418-551: The current Romanian and the Hungarian name Brassó ( [ˈbrɒʃʃoː] ) are derived from the Turkic word barasu , meaning "white water" with a Slavic suffix -ov . Other linguists proposed various etymologies including an Old Slavic anthroponym Brasa. The first attested mention of this name is Terra Saxonum de Barasu (" Saxon Land of Baras") in a 1252 document issued by Béla IV of Hungary . According to some historians, Corona

2480-424: The current fortress might have been built on the ruins of a former Dacian defense fort, based on Dacian pottery sherds found at the site. A popular legend in the area tells that Dacian king Decebalus committed suicide inside the fortress. The first written mention of the fortress dates from 1324, under the name castrum Kuholm , when the Saxons revolting against King Charles I of Hungary took refuge inside

2542-569: The first half of the 14th century until 1876, Rupea was the seat of one of the Saxon administrative units . Later, it became part of Nagy-Küküllő County of Austria-Hungary from 1876 to 1918. In the immediate aftermath of World War I , following the declaration of the Union of Transylvania with Romania , the area passed under Romanian administration during the Hungarian–Romanian War of 1918–1919. By

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2604-519: The fortification system is the Upper fortress which dates from the prefeudal period, 10th–13th centuries . It contains the latest additions, including the Bacon Tower ( Romanian : Turnul Slăninii ), specific to Saxon communities. Also here can be found the 59 meter deep well, the only source of water certainly identified in the fortress. The well was built in 1623, requiring several months of work, during

2666-415: The fortress was in a sorry state. Eventually, only one of the fortified towers was left standing. Between 2010 and 2013, the fortress underwent a comprehensive restoration process, with all four towers and the homes of the Saxon families of Reps (Rupea), which once used the fortress as a place of refuge, being restored. The fortress is classified in the list of historical monuments of Brașov County under

2728-416: The fortress. In the 14th century it had a key strategic role, being the main linking point between Transylvania, Moldavia and Wallachia . Between 1432 and 1437 the fortress was attacked and robbed by Turks , and finally abandoned in 1643 after a devastating fire turned it into ruins. At the end of the same century, Saxons returned to the fortress to seek refuge. This time, the fortress was handed over to

2790-578: The height of the Battle of Brașov. On 9 October, at the end of the battle, the previous mayor Karl Ernst Schnell was reinstated. Following the collapse of Austria-Hungary, the 1 December 1918 Proclamation of the Union of Alba Iulia , adopted by deputies of the Romanians from Transylvania, Banat, Crișana and Maramureș during the Great National Assembly of Alba Iulia declared the union of Transylvania into

2852-463: The inter-war period, with one of the largest factories being the aeroplane manufacturing plant ( IAR Brașov), which produced the first Romanian fighter planes used during World War II. After signing the armistice with USSR on September 12, 1944, the factory started repairing trucks, and in October 1945 it began manufacturing agricultural tractors. IAR 22 was the first Romanian-made wheeled tractor. In 1948

2914-421: The medieval custom. Part of the fortification ensemble was recently restored using UNESCO funds, and other projects are ongoing. At least two entrances to the city, Poarta Ecaterinei (or Katharinentor ) and Poarta Șchei (or Waisenhausgässertor ), are still in existence. The city centre is marked by the mayor's former office building ( Casa Sfatului ) and the surrounding square ( piața ), which includes one of

2976-417: The most recent had more decorative semicircular merlons. The embrasures took the form of simple slots, and the openings for firearms were made to allow the most excellent possible angle of fire, or, at the base of the walls, fit in prominent niches, with arrangements of stepped pyramids. Behind the walls, traces of brickwork reveal the foundations of watch walkways, sometimes on two levels. The first ward of

3038-646: The objective in a circuit targeting Brașov , Sibiu and Sighișoara and to organize national cultural events that highlight the destination better. The first event took place in the summer of 2013, a festival dedicated to composer Wilhelm Georg Berger , born in 1929 in Rupea. Bra%C8%99ov Brașov ( UK : / b r æ ˈ ʃ ɒ v / , US : / b r ɑː ˈ ʃ ɔː v , - ɔː f / , Romanian: [braˈʃov] ; German : Kronstadt, also Brasau ; Hungarian : Brassó [ˈbrɒʃːoː] ; Latin : Corona ; Transylvanian Saxon : Kruhnen )

3100-525: The oldest buildings in Brașov, the Hirscher Haus. Nearby is the "Black Church" ( Biserica Neagră ), which some claim to be the largest Gothic style church in Southeastern Europe . In 1689, a great fire destroyed the walled city almost entirely, and its rebuilding lasted several decades. Besides the German (Saxon) population living in the walled city and in the northern suburbs, Brașov had also

3162-558: The reign of Prince Gabriel Bethlen . The upper fortress has an area of over 1,500 m . The entrance to the upper fortress was a narrow corridor, the gate under the Gunpowder Tower ( Romanian : Turnul Pulberăriei ). To the inside can be observed traces of rooms that served as homes for the refugee population in the fortress during sieges. The best-known rooms in the upper fortress are the Count's room ( Romanian : Camera judelui ) and

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3224-503: The restoration of the abandoned fortress of Rupea. The work took three years, and the fortress was reopened to the public on 15 June 2013. Restored elements included the walls, the interior courtyard and the towers. In 2013, Rupea Fortress was visited by 61,000 tourists, in 2014 by 115,000 tourists, and in the first quarter of 2015 the figure exceeded 150,000 visitors. Both the Rupea Town Hall and Brașov County Council want to introduce

3286-405: The restoration of the fortress and invested 32 million lei in restoring the historical monument. The Ministry of Regional Development and Public Administration , The Regional Development Agency Centru and Rupea Local Council signed a financing contract in 2009, with grant funding for the project of restoration and expansion of the tourism infrastructure of Rupea . Within this project was included

3348-586: The results of the votes cast at the 2024 Romanian local elections. The town is located in the northern part of Brașov County, in a hill region on the banks of the river Cozd and its left tributary, the Fișer . The town is located on the E60 route, 60 km (37 mi) from the county seat, Brașov , and 50 km (31 mi) from Sighișoara . The Rupea railway station serves the CFR 300 mainline , which connects Bucharest with

3410-410: The second place in terms of tourism arrivals countrywide, after the capital Bucharest . Brașov is twinned with: The city has a long tradition in sports, the first sport associations being established at the end of the 19th century (Target shooting Association, Gymnastics School). The Transylvanian Sports Museum is among the oldest in the country and presents the evolution of consecrated sports in

3472-429: The settlement and the governmental seat on which the financing of work depended. In turn, the towers have individual names, some of which refer to a certain feature (often related to the function) resulting from their historical development. The different elements of the fortress exhibit various proportions and architectural features: the oldest had battlements in rectangular zigzags (which still need to be preserved), and

3534-589: The terms of the Treaty of Trianon of 1920, it became part of the Kingdom of Romania . In 1925, Rupea became the headquarters of plasa Rupea, within Târnava-Mare County , until 1950. Following administrative-territorial reforms during the communist period , the town was part of Stalin Region (1950–1960), later renamed Brașov Region (1960–1968), and starting from 1968, it became part of Brașov County. At

3596-1191: Was renamed Orașul Stalin ( lit. Stalin City ) after Joseph Stalin . Constantin Ion Parhon , the nominal Head of State at the time, decreed the city be renamed "in honour of the great genius of working humanity, the leader of the Soviet people, the liberator and beloved friend of our people, Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin". The city’s name reverted to Brașov in 1960. [REDACTED] Kingdom of Hungary 1235–1526 [REDACTED] Eastern Hungarian Kingdom 1526–1570 [REDACTED] Principality of Transylvania 1570–1711 [REDACTED] Grand Principality of Transylvania 1711–1804 [REDACTED]   Austrian Empire 1804–1867 [REDACTED]   Austria-Hungary 1867–1918 ( de jure Hungary until 1920 ) [REDACTED]   Kingdom of Romania 1920–1947 ( de facto from 1918 ) [REDACTED]   Romanian People's Republic 1947–1965 [REDACTED]   Socialist Republic of Romania 1965–1989 [REDACTED]   Romania 1989–present The oldest traces of human activity and settlements in Brașov date back to

3658-484: Was built (in Hungarian, kőhalom means "pile of stones"). Rupea Fortress stands on one of the oldest archaeological sites in Romania, the first signs of human settlements dating from the Paleolithic and Early Neolithic (5500–3500 BC). Archaeological investigations have revealed objects from this era, testimony of settlements in the region: stone tools, pottery , funeral urns, etc. In Dacian times, on these places

3720-635: Was built between 1899 and 1905. During the interwar period , the communities had separate institutions, but opened a jointly managed school in 1940. Zionist organizations appeared already in 1920. By 1930, Jews numbered 2594 individuals, or 4% of the total population. In autumn 1940, during the National Legionary State , the antisemitic Iron Guard nationalized all Jewish institutions and seized most shops owned by Jews. In 1941, Jews were drafted for service in forced labour battalions. Those from throughout southern Transylvania were concentrated in Brașov;

3782-617: Was name of the city-fortress while Brassó was referring to the county , while others consider both names may refer to the city and the county as well. According to Balázs Orbán, the name Corona  – a Latin word meaning "crown" – is first mentioned in the Catalogus Ninivensis in 1235 AD, stating a monastic quarter existed in the territory of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Cumania ( In Hungaria assignata est paternitas Dyocesis Cumanie: Corona ). Pál Binder supposed it

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3844-726: Was raised the dava known as Rumidava or Ramidava (after various historical sources); conquered by the Romans , Rumidava became the Roman castra Rupes (in Latin , rupes means "rock" or "stone"). The Roman castra Rupes was part of the Roman fortification belt defending the commercial area and routes linking the Târnava Valley with the Olt Valley , Râșnov and Hoghiz . According to Romanian archaeologists,

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